| 释义 |
domestic, a. and n.|dəˈmɛstɪk, dəʊ-|
Also 6–7 -ique, ick(e.
[ad. L. domestic-us, f. domus house: see dome. In early form and use, immediately through F. domestique (14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).]
A. adj.
†1.
a. Having the character or position of the inmate of a house; housed. to be domestic with (of): to be of the household of, at home with. Obs.
1521Bradshaw's St. Werburge 2nd Ballad to Author 21 (1887) 201 Preserue his soule, and make hym domestique Within the heuyns. 1632Lithgow Trav. ii. 67, I being domestick with him the selfe same time. Ibid. viii. 358 [He] had turned Turke..With whom I found Domesticke, some fifteene circumsised English Runagates. 1681S. Colvil Whigs Supplic. (1695) 27 Mercury..hath no dwelling of his own, But is Domestic of the Sun.
b. Intimate, familiar, ‘at home’. Obs.
a1612Donne βιαθανατος (1644) 42 The knowledge therof is so domestique, so neare, so inward to us, that our conscience cannot slumber in it, nor dissemble it. 1647Clarendon Hist. Reb. ii. §83 He..was..domestick with all, and not suspected by either of the..factions. 1748Chesterfield Lett. (1792) II. clxiv. 100 Domestic in the best company and the best families. 1750Ibid. (1774) III. 152 An English minister shall have resided seven years at a court..without being intimate or domestic in any one house.
2. a. Of or belonging to the home, house, or household; pertaining to one's place of residence or family affairs; household, home, ‘family’.
1611Shakes. Cymb. iii. i. 65 Cæsar, that hath moe Kings his Seruants, then Thy selfe Domesticke Officers. 1632Lithgow Trav. iv. 363 Domesticke pastimes, as Chesse, Cards, Dice, and Tables. 1664Power Exp. Philos. i. 11 Of Domestick Spiders there are two sorts. 1681Temple Memoirs iii. Wks. 1731 I. 345, I was resolv'd to pass the rest of my Life in my own Domestick, without troubling my self further about any publick Affairs. 1764Goldsm. Trav. 434 Domestic joy. 1830D'Israeli Chas. I, III. vi. 110 Charles..loved the privacy of domestic life. 1840Dickens Barn. Rudge vii, Her single domestic servant.
†b. fig. Belonging to what concerns oneself. Obs.
1707Norris Treat. Humility vii. 315 Domestic ignorance, the ignorance of our selves, and of what passes within our own breast.
3. a. Of or pertaining to one's own country or nation; not foreign, internal, inland, ‘home’.
1545Joye Exp. Dan. vii. (R.), Lo here maye ye see this beast to be no stranger..he sitteth in the temple of God, he is therefore a domestyc enimye. 1549Compl. Scot. Prol. 16, I hef vsit domestic scottis langage, maist intelligibil for the vlgare pepil. 1665Manley Grotius' Low-C. Warres 859 That the contentions growing among Priests should be decided by Domestique Judges, and not at Rome. 1719W. Wood Surv. Trade 7 A great Part of our Domestick Trade depends upon our Foreign Commerce. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 265 The whole domestic and foreign policy of the English government.
b. Indigenous; made at home or in the country itself; native, home-grown, home-made.
1660Sharrock Vegetables 42 [It] makes the like impression upon its domestique plants. 1713Berkeley Guardian No. 49 ⁋8 They [glasses] are domestic, and cheaper than foreign toys. 1835Ure Philos. Manuf. 77 Domestic woollens and flannels.
4. a. Of animals: Living under the care of man, in or near his habitations; tame, not wild.
1620Venner Via Recta iii. 65 Domesticke or tame Ducks. 1632J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Eromena 181 No small delight..to see so timorous a creature growne so domesticke. 1856Mrs. Browning Aur. Leigh i. 635 Tamed and grown domestic like a barn-door fowl. 1859Darwin Orig. Spec. i. (1873) 14 The origin of most of our domestic animals will probably for ever remain vague.
†b. Of men: Having settled abodes; not nomad or wild. Obs.
1632Lithgow Trav. vi. 291 Moores, Jews, domesticke Arabians.
5. Attached to home; devoted to home life or duties; domesticated.
1658Davenant Play-House to be Let iv. Dram. Wks. 1873 IV. 85 Kings, who move Within a lowly sphere of private love, Are too domestic for a throne. 1751Johnson Rambler No. 153 ⁋5 To me, whom he found studious and domestick. 1837J. H. Newman Par. Serm. (ed. 2) III. xx. 329 It is praiseworthy and right to be domestic.
6. domestic-minded adj.
1889W. B. Yeats Let. Feb. in Lett. to K. Tynan (1953) 85 The poor domestic-minded swindler! 1960Times 4 Mar. 13/6 The Afrikaner, being at heart a generous and very much a domestic-minded person.
7. In special collocations: domestic economy (see economy 2 a); domestic science, the study or knowledge of household management, comprising cookery, laundry, needlework, etc.; = housewifery 1 a; domestic service, the condition or occupation of a household servant (cf. service n.1 1 a); domestic slave, (a) a household slave, esp. as distinguished from a predial slave (see predial a. 3 a); (b) = odalisque; (c) (see quot. 1799); domestic slavery, the condition of a domestic slave; also fig.; domestic workshop, a workshop in a private dwelling-house.
1778[see economy 2 a]. 1797F. M. Eden (title) The State of the poor, or an history of the labouring classes in England,..in which are particularly considered, their domestic economy, with respect to diet, dress, fuel, and habitation. 1898E. R. Lush Less. Domestic Sci. i. i. 1 What do we understand by ‘Domestic Economy’ or ‘Domestic Science’ as we often prefer to call it now? 1905Daily Chron. 19 May 8/1 The girls have already spent one year in a domestic economy school. 1928Domestic economy [see beauty culture s.v. beauty n. III b].
1897H. Campbell Household Economics p. xx, The directors of the ‘Domestic Science’ department. 1915‘Bartimeus’ Tall Ship ii. 37 Cooking and laundry, and hygiene—domestic science it's called. 1936Discovery Jan. 32/2 The greatest amount of dissatisfaction was found among teachers of domestic science, art and music.
1741Richardson Pamela IV. xiii. 77 These duties..inspirit every one in the Discharge of all their domestick Services. 1832F. Trollope Dom. Manners Amer. I. vi. 73 Young women..believe that the most abject poverty is preferable to domestic service. 1840H. Reeve tr. de Tocqueville's Democracy in America IV. iii. v. 39 This is not only the notion which servants themselves entertain..domestic service is looked upon by masters in the same light. 1933D. C. Peel Life's Enchanted Cup xviii. 239 Two of these..were Ministry of Reconstruction Committees; one to enquire into the housing of the working classes..the other to enquire into conditions of domestic service.
1776Gibbon Decl. & F. I. ii. 40 In the free states of antiquity, the domestic slaves were exposed to the wanton rigour of despotism. 1798Lady's Mag. June 265/1 No woman of Turkish birth can be an odalik, or domestic slave. 1799M. Park Trav. (ed. 2) xxii. 287 The domestic slaves, or such as are born in a man's own house, are treated with more lenity than those which are purchased with money. 1970Encycl. Brit. XX. 635/2 Manumission was..frequently granted for long and devoted services of a domestic slave, in particular to nurses who had looked after the master's children.
1818Public Ledger 3 June 2/4 He proposed a return to the domestic slavery of Greece and Rome. 1825Kaleidoscope 23 Aug. 57/3 We allude to that domestic slavery..to which the youth, engaged as shopmen of drapers,..are subjected. 1858Leisure Hour 25 Feb. 127/1 Domestic slavery is extensively practised by the Liberians. 1970Encycl. Brit. XX. 639/1 A text for the abolition of slavery..was implemented..in Algeria, where domestic slavery existed.
1878Act 41 Vict. c. 16 Period of employment..for children and young persons in domestic workshop.
B. n.
†1. A member of a household; one who dwells in the same house with another; an inmate; a member of the family (including children and relatives). (lit. and fig.) Obs.
1539Tonstall Serm. Palm Sund. (1823) 56 Nowe ye be not guestes and strangers, but ye be citisens and domestikes of almyghty god. 1656Sir J. Finett For. Ambass. 62 From that time he had his accesses..to his Majesties presence as a Domestique without Ceremony. a1716South Serm. II. xliii. (R.), A servant dwells..as a kind of foreigner under the same roof; a domestick, and yet a stranger too. 1737Whiston Josephus' Antiq. xvi. vii. §4 Often did he lament the wickedness of his domestics.
2. a. A household servant or attendant.
1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, ii. iv. 114 Where Powres are your Retainers, and your words (Domestickes to you) serue your will. 1627Lisander & Cal. vi. 103 Besides the domestics he sent for some of his tenants. 1711Addison Spect. No. 106 ⁋2 His Domesticks are all in Years, and grown old with their Master. 1845Stephen Comm. Laws Eng. (1874) II. 228 At a month's notice like a common domestic. 1848Maurice Lord's Prayer (1861) 66 The relationship between the master of a household and his domestics.
†b. A domestic animal. Obs. rare.
1719De Foe Crusoe i. viii, My Pol..began now to be a mere domestic. 1742J. Hildrop Misc. Wks. (1754) I. 215 Continue, therefore, your wonted Care..for your innocent domestics. Ibid. 160
†3.
a. An inhabitant of the same country; a native, fellow-countryman. Obs.
1612–15Bp. Hall Contempl., N.T. ii. vi. Good Centurion, If he were a foreigner for birth, yet he was a domestic in heart. 1675Phil. Trans. X. 254 Supplies..afforded me both by our eminent Domesticks within his Majesties Dominions: and also by Forrainers. 1682Bunyan Holy War 313 Notable service against the Domesticks.
b. An indigenous plant. Obs.
1672Grew Anat. Plants, Idea Philos. Hist. §8 All Exoticks..may probably be reduced to some such Domesticks, unto which they may bear the best Resemblance.
4. An article of home produce or manufacture; esp., in U.S., (a) home-made cotton cloth, bleached or unbleached, for common use, esp. plain cotton cloth; (b) colloq., a kind of cigar.
1622Malynes Anc. Law-Merch. 2 When mankind was propagated into an infinite number, and the domestiques or neere hand commodities were not sufficient for their sustenance in some countries, and in other countries were ouer aboundant. 1817M. Austin Let. 21 July in Austin Papers (1924) 317 The Domesticks I expected, have Not arrived they are uncommonly difficult to obtain. 1823W. B. Dewees Lett. Texas (1852) 45 A small piece of unbleached domestic, or a bit of calico. 1846Worcester, Domestic..a sort of American cotton cloth. 1864R. A. Arnold Cotton Fam. 26 That large class of fabrics known in the trade as ‘domestics’, of which shirting and sheeting form a large part. 1865G. A. Sala My Diary in America II. xvi. 375 Those eminently nasty rolls of tobacco called in New York ‘domestics’. 1894M. J. Jaques Texan Ranch Life 113 The large spinning wheel, with which Mrs. B...made by hand the ‘domestic’ (calico) for her household. 1905F. H. Smith At Close Range 74 Sam..tilted his domestic at a higher angle, and went out to view the harbor. Ibid. 85 This done, he drew out a domestic from the upper pocket, bit off the end, slid a match along the well-worn seam and blew a ring out to sea. 1940Chambers's Techn. Dict. 258/1 Domestic, a plain cotton cloth; it may be grey, coloured, or with a check pattern.
5. ‘A carriage for general use’ (Simmonds Dict. Trade 1858).
Hence doˈmesticism, devotion to home life; doˈmesticness, domesticity.
1643W. Greenhill Axe at Root A iij b, It's domesticknes of spirit. 1784R. Bage Barham Downs II. 344 Our happy domesticism has undergone no change. 1879Farrar St. Paul I. 509 The ignorant domesticism which was the only recognised virtue of her sex.
Add:[A.] [7.] domestic bursar, the person responsible for the administration of the domestic establishment of a college or university (also known as the junior bursar, and distinguished from the senior or estates bursar).
[1904Oxf. Univ. Calendar 1905 227 Balliol... Davis, Henry William Carless, M.A. Classical Tutor and Junior Bursar (Domestic).] 1907Oxf. Univ. Calendar 1908 235 Merton... Bursars. Esson, William, M.A. (1862) Estates Miles, John Charles, M.A. (1899)* Domestic. 1952P. Bury Coll. Corpus Christi Cambr. 1822–1952 ii. 264 Mr Charvet..held the offices of Dean of College (1932–5), Assistant Tutor (1933–5), and Domestic Bursar (1935–45). 1982Sunday Times 31 Jan. 62 Pure chance led to my becoming domestic bursar of an Oxford college.
▸ orig. and chiefly Police slang (orig. Brit.). A domestic disturbance, spec. one meriting police intervention; a (violent) quarrel between members of the same household, esp. between husband and wife.
1961T. K. Martin Z Cars (B.B.C. TV script) Episode 1 (2nd draft) 21 You just sent Seaport Crime Car to that domestic, here at Newtown? 1982I. Gordon in N.Z. Listener 12 June 82/2 Policemen are trained to approach with care what they call ‘a domestic’. 1990Independent 1 Aug. 3/2 A policeman came up because he was shouting at me, but saw my daughter... He said to his companion, ‘Oh, it's OK, it's only a domestic’ and went away. 1998H. M. Malton Down in Dumps iv. 27 You get called out on a domestic... You arrive, and there's some guy just whaling away on his wife, or girlfriend, or whatever.
▸ domestic partner n. (in early use) a spouse; (later) a person with whom one lives as though married, a cohabitee; (U.S.) a person officially registered as such, and so entitled to (some of) the same legal rights or employee benefits as a spouse.
1815N.Y. Weekly Museum 7 Jan. 286/1 Fondness for gaiety and dress, which I am sorry to say engrosses most of the time of many of the female sex..cannot alone constitute the true hapiness of themselves and their *domestic partners. 1986Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 12 Dec. 3/2 He was planning to build a change table and other amenities for the baby, his domestic partner..said yesterday. 1992N.Y. Times 10 Mar. a15/1 The measure would allow unmarried partners, including homosexual couples, to register as domestic partners and would expand health care benefits to the registered partners of city workers. 2005San Francisco Chron. (Nexis) 28 Sept. a1 The council's most leftist member..supporting medical marijuana and benefits for the domestic partners of city employees.
▸ domestic partnership n. a situation in which two (or more) people live together, (now) spec. a situation (esp. if officially recognized) in which two people cohabit as though married; cf. domestic partner n. at Additions.
a1850M. Fuller Ossoli Woman in 19th Cent. 70 As if the scholar and poet, especially, could expect nothing but misery and obstruction in a *domestic partnership with Woman. 1894Jrnl. Royal Statistical Soc. 57 280 The predominant member of the domestic partnership was a certain old woman, generally the mother, not, as I have heard is the case in this country, of the wife, but of the husband. 1976H. J. Folberg & W. P. Buren in Willamette Law Jrnl. 12 480 Domestic partnership, as a proposed legal theory, is based..upon the proposition that in today's society people increasingly choose familial relationships other than traditional marriage. 1993Chicago Tribune 16 Apr. i. 2/1 Qualification for domestic partnership registration is more rigorous: Applicants must present a signed and notarized affidavit that they are over 18, unmarried and have been living together continuously in a ‘close and committed personal relationship’.
▸ domestic violence n. violent or aggressive behaviour within the home, esp. violent abuse of a partner.
1891Times 13 July 5/4 The play opens with a scene of *domestic violence. A young couple have had a violent dispute. 1975N.Y. Times 6 Oct. 29/4 We must begin to view domestic violence as a ‘public issue’ rather than a ‘private problem’. 2003Internat. Family Planning Perspectives 29 156/3 Partner abuse..is common, and its likelihood is increased if a woman or her partner has a childhood history of domestic violence. |