| 释义 |
▪ I. drench, n.|drɛnʃ|
Forms: 1 drenc(e, 3 drænc, drencche, drunch, 4 drenche, drenke, 3– drench.
[OE. dręnc draught, drink, drowning:—OTeut. *draŋki-z, f. draŋk- ablaut grade of driŋk-an to drink. Cf. Goth, draggk, dragk, OS. dranc, OHG. tranch (Ger. trank):—OTeut. *draŋkom, and OHG. trenka fem.:—OTeut. *draŋkjâ.]
†1. Drink; a draught. Obs. in general sense.
a800Corpus Gloss. 166 Antedo [antidotum], wyrtdrenc. c1000Coll. Monast. (Th.) 35 (Bosw.) Win nys drenc cilda. c1205Lay. 13435 Heo hafden drænc, heo hafden mete. 1340Ayenb. 130 Þer ne is noþer king ne kuene þet ne ssel drinke of deaþes drench.
2. spec. A medicinal, soporific, or poisonous draught; a potion. From 1600 often (after 3): A large draught or potion, or one forcibly given.
c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 56 Wyrc drenc wiþ hwostan. c1000ælfric Hom. II. 158 Se drenc deadbær wæs. 1297R. Glouc. (1724) 151 He ȝef hym a luþer drench. c1380Sir Ferumb. 1386 Sche fet him a drench þat noble was, & mad him drynk it warm. 1587Turberv. Trag. T. (1837) 250 A poysoned drench. 1625B. Jonson Staple of N. ii. Wks. (Rtldg.) 385/1 A drench of sack At a good tavern..Would cure him. 1667Milton P.L. ii. 73 If the sleepy drench Of that forgetful Lake benumme not still. 1719D'Urfey Pills (1872) III. 327 This muddy Drench of Ale. 1859R. F. Burton Centr. Afr. in Jrnl. Geog. Soc. XXIX. 286 Girls are fattened to a vast bulk by drenches of curds and cream thickened with flour. 1868Browning Ring & Bk. ii. 953 Guido..Shook off the relics of his poison drench.
fig.1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 324 With concubynes and drenches of Baudrye. 1641Milton Animadv. (1851) 204 To diet their ignorance..with the limited draught of a Mattin, and even song drench. 1891E. H. Hickey in Athenæum 24 Oct. 549/2 The sleepy drench of Time.
3. A draught or dose of medicine administered to an animal.
1552Huloet, Drench or drynke for horse or other beast, saluiatum. 1601Holland Pliny II. 144 Poure this drench with an horne downe the throat of laboring jades. 1639T. de la Grey Compl. Horsem. 66 Administered by way of Drench to a horse. a1748Watts Ontology x. ii. §4 A farrier constrains him to take a drench. 1864Knight Passages Wrkg. Life I. ii. 151 No cattle-doctor would give a drench to a cow unless he consulted the table in the Almanack.
4. The act of drenching, soaking, or wetting thoroughly; such a quantity as drenches.
1808J. Barlow Columb. i. 442 Wide over earth his annual freshet strays, And highland drains with lowland drench repays. 1850Browning Christmas Eve 168 Quench The gin-shop's light in hell's grim drench. 1893Baring-Gould Cheap Jack Z. III. 114 A drench of rain.
5. Tanning. A preparation in which skins are steeped. Cf. drenche-kive in 6.
1853C. Morfit Tanning, etc. 410 Skins..undergo a steeping, for ten or fifteen days, in a fermenting mixture, or ‘drench’, of forty pounds of bran and twenty gallons of water.
6. Comb., as drench-horn, (orig. OE. drenc-horn a drinking horn), a horn used for giving a medicinal drench to animals; † drenche-kive, a drenching vat or tub (see sense 5).
c1000Cod. Dipl. 722 (Kemble) III. 361 (Bosw.) Ic ᵹeann into ðære stowe ðone drenc-horn ðe ic ær [MS. er] æt ðam hirede ᵹebohte. a1300Sat. People Kildare xiv. in E.E.P. (1862) 155 Hail be ȝe skinners wiþ ȝure drenche kiue, Who so smilliþ þer-to wo is him aliue. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 325/2 The Farriers Drench Horn.
▪ II. drench, v.|drɛnʃ|
Forms: 1 drencan, 2–5 drenchen, 3–6 drenche, (4 drensche, dr(e)inche, 4–5 drynche), 5– drench. pa. tense α. 1–3 drencte, 2–5 dreint(e, 3 drengte, 3–6 dreynt(e, 4 dreynkt(e, 5 drenkte, dreyncte, 5 draynt(e, drenckt, 6–7 drent(e. β. 4–5 drenchid(e, -yd, 4– drenched, 6–7 drencht. pa. pple. α. 1 drenct, 2–5 dreint, etc., 6 drent, drint, drynt. β. 4– drenched, 6–7 drencht.
[OE. dręncan = OS. dręnkian (Du. drenken), OHG. trenchen (Ger. tränken), ON. drekkja:—drenkja (Sw. dränka):—OTeut. *draŋkjan, f. draŋk, ablaut grade of driŋkan to drink, of which it is the causal derivative.]
1. trans. To make to drink; to administer drink to; now spec. to administer a draught of medicine in a forcible manner to (an animal).
c1000Ags. Ps. lix. [lx.] 3 Ðu..hi..mid wynsume wine drenctest. a1400–50Alexander 1106 Þou sall be drenchid of a drinke a draȝte of vnsele. 1592Daniel Compl. Rosamond 29 Wks. (1717) 54 Take it [i.e. poison], or I will drench you else by force. 1653Holcroft Procopius, Vandal Wars ii. 55 The drink proceeding, and Gontharis being well drencht and grown bountifull, gave of his meats to the guard. 1672J. Lacy Dumb Lady i. Dram. Wks. (1875) 21 I'll to the wood and drench a sick horse. 1756Foote Eng. fr. Paris i. Wks. 1799 I. 106 Madam, drenched with a bumper, drops a curtesy, and departs. 1808Scott Marm. v. xxii, A stranger maiden..Had drenched him with a beverage rare. 1894H. Dalziel Dis. Dogs (ed. 3) 2 It is necessary to drench him.
fig.1382Wyclif Deut. xxxii 42, I shal drenche myn arewis in blood, and my swerd shal deuour flesh.
†2. To submerge in water; to drown. Also refl. Obs.
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 175 Gif he ship findeþ, he fondeð to drenchen hit ȝif he mai. c1205Lay. 12111 Summe heo heom drengte in þere sæ deope. c1300Havelok 561, I shal dreinchen him in þe se. c1386Chaucer Frankl. T. 650 They priuely been stirt in to a welle And dreynte [v. rr. drenkte, dreynt, dreinte] hem seluen. a1450Knt. de la Tour (1868) 55 Nor no water shulde drenche her, nor fyre brenne her. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. xii. 6 Condemned to be drent. 1621G. Sandys Ovid's Met. viii. (1626) 165 And in the strangling waters drencht his child.
fig.c1630Risdon Surv. Devon §293 (1810) 302 The Dart drencheth itself into that river.
†3. intr. To sink in water; to be drowned. Obs.
1297R. Glouc. (1724) 100 Þe se biset ow al a boute..ȝe mowe..drenche. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 2008 He dreynte þerin. c1485Digby Myst. (1882) iii. 1747 Þat in þis flod we drench natt. a1547Surrey in Tottell's Misc. (Arb) 16 Alas, now drencheth my swete fo. 1570Abp. Parker Corr. (1853) 364, I was like to have drenched in the midst of the Thames.
fig.c1374Chaucer Troylus iv. 902 (930) Þough ye boþe in salte teris drenche [Harl. dreynte]. c1385― L.G.W. 1919 Ariadne, And let hire drenche in sorwe & in distresse.
4. trans. To wet thoroughly by immersion; to steep, soak, saturate.
c1230Hali Meid. 15 His earewen idrencte of an attri haliwei. c1420Pallad. on Husb. i. 370 Let drenche it for a tyme in water swete. 1589Cogan Haven Health ccxliii. (1636) 310 A..spunge drenched in white Vineger of Roses. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 680 Good Shepherds after Sheering drench their Sheep. 1719Young Busiris v. i, I'll drench my sword in thy detested blood. 1746–7Hervey Medit. (1818) 152 The nails, which were drenched in his sacred veins.
b. Tanning. (See quots.)
1853C. Morfit Tanning, etc. 413 The skins are..drenched for some days in a fermenting bran-bath. 1885Harper's Mag. Jan. 276/1 To ‘drench’..the hides are placed for six or eight hours in vats filled with a dissolved excrement, above which a line of large wooden..wheels..in their revolution turn them over and over in the solution.
5. Now esp. To wet through and through with liquid falling or thrown upon the object.
1549–62Sternhold & H. Ps. cxxxiii. 343 It weat not Aaron's head alone, but drencht his beard throughout. a1656Bp. Hall Rem. Wks. (1660) 53 Many fields have been drencht with blood. 1714Gay Trivia i. 46 And Show'rs soon drench the Camlet's cockled Grain. 1832Tennyson Dream Fair Women 85 Dark wood-walks drench'd in dew. 1871L. Stephen Playgr. Eur. iv. (1894) 95 A thunderstorm drenched us during our descent. 1871R. Ellis Catullus ci. 9 Drench'd in a brother's tears, and weeping freshly, receives them.
†6. fig. To drown, immerse, plunge, overwhelm.
c1374Chaucer Boeth. i. metr. i. 1 (Camb. MS.) The sorwful howre þat is to seyn the deth hadde almost dreynt myn heued. c1440Gesta Rom. lxvi. 303 (Harl. MS.) He drenchith þe synner in Ivill thowtis. 1560Rolland Crt. Venus iv. 83 He..was drint into dispair. 1566Drant Horace's Sat. iv. C, His sonne is drente in debte so deepe. a1628Preston New Covt. (1630) 198 Men much drenched in worldly business. 1818Jas. Mill Brit. India III. vi. i. 45 Minds drenched with terror are easily deceived.
Hence drenched |drɛnʃt|, ppl. a.
c1340Cursor M. 1886 (Trin.) A drenched beest. 1589Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 27 To drie their drenched apparaile. 1660Gauden Dr. Brownrig 212 A drenched and almost drowned man. 1885Harper's Mag. Jan. 276/1 The drenched hides..are..worked over a beam.
▪ III. drench
see dreng. |