| 释义 |
nomen|ˈnəʊmən|
[L.]
1. Taxonomy. nomen nudum |ˈnjuːdəm| [L., naked name], a Latin name which has no standing because it was introduced without publication of the full description demanded by the rules governing botanical and zoological nomenclature. Also occasionally used for a popular name that cannot be attached to a definite species (see quot. 1957).
1906Verhandl. Int. Bot. Kongr. Wien 1905 viii. 205 A genus or any other group of higher rank than a species, named or announced without being characterised conformably to article 37 cannot be regarded as effectively published (nomen nudum). 1925A. S. Hitchcock Methods of Descriptive Systematic Bot. xii. 114 A new name appearing without description is called a nomen nudum. 1957N. & Q. Feb. 83/2 Since, however, no such variety has been described or bred, Chub-eel (× Aminguilla) remains a nomen nudum. 1963Davies & Heywood Princ. Angiosperm Taxonomy viii. 290 It is permissible..to use a name for a new species that already exists as a nomen nudum—i.e. has never been validated by a description and there⁓fore has no standing under the Rules [of botanical nomenclature]. 1969E. Mayr Princ. Systematic Zool. xiii. 347 A name published without satisfying the conditions of availability is generally called a nomen nudum... A nomen nudum has no standing in zoological nomenclature and is best never recorded, not even in synonymy.
2. Philol. In phrases: nomen actionis |æktɪˈəʊnɪs|, a noun of action; nomen agentis |æˈdʒɛntɪs|, an agent noun.
1928C. Bergener Contrib. to Study of Conversion of Adjs. into Nouns ii. 18 When a nomen agentis is contrasted with an absolute past participle of the corresponding verb (as in Galsw., Flower I, ch. vi: the tortured does not salute her torturers). 1930T. Sasaki On Lang. Bridges' Poetry iii. ii. 80 The use of the gerund and the noun of action (nomen actionis)..have in common certain grammatical functions. 1932A. H. Gardiner Theory of Speech & Lang. iii. 107 In all these languages..the equivalent of ‘speech’ is a nomen actionis for the activity of which the most evident symptoms are articulation and audibility. 1963F. T. Visser Hist. Syntax Eng. Lang. I. iv. 357 With a plural subject the ending -end of the nomina agentis appeared as -ende. 1966English Studies XLVII. 53 This is an old trait in Germanic where the pres. participles had the character and regimen of nomina agentis. 1970Archivum Linguisticum I. 9 One other class of words seems to have had fluctuating secondary stress: these are the nomina agentium in -ari, eri, -iri. |