| 释义 |
▪ I. † swage, n.1
[f. swage v.1 Cf. assuage n.]
1. Alleviation, relief.
a1300Cursor M. 24350 (Edin.) Þat suim was of mi soruing swage [Cott. suage].
2. concr. The excrement of the otter. local. (Cf. swaging vbl. n.1 3.)
1834Medwin Angler in Wales II. 217 Curiosity led me to look if any fresh swages of the dourghie [Welsh dwrfgi otter] were visible. 1893–4Northumbld. Gloss., Swage, Spraints, excrement of the otter.
▪ II. swage, n.2|sweɪdʒ|
[a. OF. souage, -aige, later and mod.F. suage. See also swedge.]
1. An ornamental grooving, moulding, border, or mount on a candlestick, basin, or other vessel.
1374Acc. John de Sleford (Acc. Exch. K.R. 397/10) m. 2 (Publ. Rec. Off.) Pro duobus paribus legherneys plauntez cum swages de laton' deauratis. 1399(May 29) Chancery Warrants Ser. i. File 601. No. 1891, [Six white silver salt-cellars, gilt on the] swages. 1513in Archaeologia LVI. 333 A bason of syluer all playn the swages gilt. Ibid. 335 A litle candelsticke of siluer, swages gilt wt a nose. 1517Ibid. LXI. 86, ij newe chalices with vernacles in the patene the swages of the patens overgilt. 1539in W. Herbert Hist. 12 Gt. Livery Comp. Lond. (1836) II. 196 The said Rob't disceytfully dyd sette swags for feyt to the same pecys [of silver]. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. xiv. (Roxb.) 4/1 The fillet or swage, is that ring or edge which is on the outside ye brime [of a dish]. 1739Act 12 Geo. II c. 26 §6 Any Sorts of Tippings or Swages on Stone or Ivory Cases.
b. A circular or semicircular depression or groove, as on an anvil (cf. swage-anvil in 2 b attrib.)
1680Moxon Mech. Exerc. xi. 196 The Point cuts a fine Hollow Circle or Swage in the Flat of the Board. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 308/2 In the face of this kinde of Anvil are smal halfe round nicks, which are termed Swages.
2.
†a. = gauge n. 11. Obs.
1688Holme Armoury iii. 366/2 A..Joyners Gage (of some termed a Swage).
b. A tool for bending cold metal (or moulding potter's clay) to the required shape; also, a die or stamp for shaping metal on an anvil, in a press, etc.
1812P. Nicholson Mech. Exerc., Smithing 353 Swages, all instruments used to give the form or contour of any moulding, &c. used in the same manner as the rounding tool. 1831J. Holland Manuf. Metal I. ix. 147 The sides of the metal are then bent up with swages in the usual way, so as to bring the two edges as close together as possible. 1832Babbage Econ. Manuf. xi. 69 The smith..has small blocks of steel into which are sunk cavities of various shapes; these are called swages, and are generally in pairs. Thus if he wants a round bolt, terminating in a cylindrical head of larger diameter,..he uses a corresponding swaging-tool. 1834–6Encycl. Metrop. VIII. 454/1 (Pottery) With..finger and thumb,..or with his fingers only, he gives the first rude form to the vessel, and by a swage, rib, or other utensil,..smooths the inside. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 379 In order to make the bolster of a given size,..it is introduced into a die, and a swage placed upon it. 1883Crane Smithy & Forge 30 Swages..consist of tools having certain definite shapes, so that the hot iron, being placed in or below them, takes their shape when struck.
attrib.1843Holtzapffel Turning I. 225 A swage-tool five feet long worked by machinery. Ibid. 231 The holes in the swage block..are used after the manner of heading tools for large objects. Ibid. 427 The metal may be gradually reduced by one pair of swage-bits. 1854A. E. Baker Northampt. Gloss., Swage, to work iron in a groove, or into any particular form. The anvil employed for this purpose is called a swage-anvil. 1869Rankine Machine & Hand-tools Pl. P 9, The swage-hammer.
▪ III. swage, v.1 Obs. exc. arch. or dial.|sweɪdʒ|
Also 3–6 suage, (4 squage, 6 swadge, Sc. suaige).
[a. AF. suag(i)er, swag(i)er, OF. *souagier, = Pr. suaujar, suauzar:—pop. L. *suāviāre, parallel form to *assuāviāre, whence OF. asouagier to assuage, of which swage is partly an aphetic derivative.]
= assuage. a. trans. To appease, mitigate, pacify, relieve, reduce, abate.
(a) emotion, violent action, troubled thoughts, cares, etc.
a1300Cursor M. 13868 He suaged him wit wordes heind. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 4570 Whan sire Cesar..Had pesed & swaged al þer ire. a1450Knt. de la Tour ix, Fastinge is an abstinence of vertu, right couenable to swage the yre of God. c1450Guy Warw. (Cambr. MS.) 5266 Tyll þey be swaged..And chastysed thorow þer owtrage. 1508Fisher 7 Penit. Ps. vi. Wks. (1876) 4 The woodnesse of the foresayd wycked spyryte sholde be mytygate and swaged. 1562Pilkington Expos. Abdyas Pref. 13 To abate their pride, & swage their malice. 1638–56Cowley Davideis iii. 353 Thus chear'd he Saul, thus did his fury swage. 1667Milton P.L. i. 556 Nor wanting power to mitigate and swage With solemn touches, troubl'd thoughts. 1671― Samson 184 Apt words have power to swage The tumors of a troubl'd mind.
(b) bodily injury or pain, swelling, etc.
c1305Pilate 175 in E.E.P. (1862) 116 His hurte was al swaged. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. xxxiii. (Bodl. MS.), A marie of fatnes..to swage þe coldnes of bones of þe breeste plaate. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 165 Ȝeue him metis & drynkis þat mowe swage þe cowȝe. c1480Henryson Sum Practysis of Medecyne 33 With þe snowt of ane selch, ane swelling to swage. 1547–64Bauldwin Mor. Philos. (Palfr.) 163 All doubtfull diseases to swage and to cure. 1582Stanyhurst æneis iii. (Arb.) 91 With roots of eeche herb I swadgde my great hunger. 1612Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 32 It swageth the pains and stitches of the breast. 1882Lancs. Gloss., Suage, swage..to remove a swelling by fomentation.
(c) storm, wind, heat, or other physical force. Also in fig. context (cf. (a)).
a1340Hampole Psalter lxxxviii. 10 [lxxxix. 9] Þou ert lord til þe myght of þe see: þe stirynge..of þe stremys of it þou swagis. 1408tr. Vegetius' De Re Milit. (MS. Digby 233 lf. 225/1) Þe hete of þe sonne smotheth and swageth þe scharpe blastes of þe wyndes. c1450tr. De Imitatione iii. xxxix. 110 Þou..swagist þe mevinges of his flodes. 1513Douglas æneis i. iii. 84 Thus said he, and with that word hastely The swelland seis hes swagit. 1549–62Sternhold & H. Ps. li. 8 And that my strength may now amend, which thou hast swagde for my trespace. 1582Stanyhurst æneis ii. (Arb.) 47 Thee wynds with bloodshed were swagd. a1600Montgomerie Misc. P. xxxi. 43 (Laing MS.) Thy angell withe þame abod þe fyre to suaige. 1635Quarles Embl. iii. iii. 18 Quench, quench my flames, and swage these scorching fires. 1849Faber Hymn ‘Sweetness in Prayer’ i, What shall I do for thee, poor heart! Thy throbbing heat to swage?
† (d) To digest. Obs.
1768Ross Helenore i. 52 Her stammack had nae maughts sick meat to swage.
b. intr. (a) To be appeased, relieved, or reduced; to decrease, abate.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 9676 Til he were warysched of his syknesse, Or his penaunce y-swaged lesse. c1375Cursor M. 24350 (Fairf.) Quen þat squyme be-gan to squage. c1412Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 4203 (Roxb.) 151 They felt his expenses swage, And were to hym vnkynde. a1425tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula, etc. 100 Þe pacient was delyuered of akyng and þe arme biganne for to swage. 1525Ld. Berners Froiss. II. i. 3 Than swaged the loue bitwene him and Sir Barnabo. 1545T. Raynalde Byrth Mankynde ii. vii. (1634) 137 If one of the brests swage which before was in good liking, the other remaining sound and safe. a1548Hall Chron., Rich. III, 36 Lest the dukes courage should swage, or hys mynd should agayne alter. 1602R. Carew Cornwall 106 b, Where salt and fresh the poole renues As Spring and drowth encrease or swage. 1609Ev. Woman in Hum. i. i. in Bullen O. Pl. IV, That mooving marish element that swels and swages as it please the Moone. 1702C. Mather Magn. Chr. vi. ii. (1852) 356 The brains left in the child's head would swell and swage, according to the tides.
† (b) to swage of: to mitigate, abate. Obs.
c1440York Myst. xxx. 371 Bidde them swage of þer sweying.
▪ IV. † swage, v.2 Obs.
[Of obscure origin; if the root-meaning is ‘swing’, it is perh. an early form of swag v.]
1. intr. To direct a blow, swing.
c1400Destr. Troy 7430 Þe sun of Theseus..choppit to Ector: With a swyng of his sword swagit on þe prinse.
2. trans. To discharge (a gun or ballista).
c1420? Lydg. Assembly of Gods 1038 He gan swage gonnes as he had be woode. c1440Promp. Parv. 219 Gunnare, or he þat swagythe a gunne, petrarius, mangonalius.
▪ V. swage, v.3|sweɪdʒ|
[f. swage n.2 Cf. swedge v.]
trans. To shape or bend by means of a swage.
1831J. Holland Manuf. Metal I. ix. 141 The article being thus hammered, is next pared with shears to the shape required, after which it is swaged or turned up at the edges. 1832,1854[see swage n.2 2 b]. 1838F. W. Simms Pub. Wks. Gt. Brit. 48 The bolt to be swaged and made truly cylindrical. 1877W. Jones Finger-ring 266 A ring..found at Fransham, has the hoop swaged or twisted. 1904Times 20 Aug. 7/6 The sectional poles shall be..swaged together when hot so as to make a perfect joint. |