| 释义 |
▪ I. † ˈdrunken, n. Obs.
[OE. druncen n., f. druncen pa. pple.]
Drunkenness, intoxication.
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Luke xxi. 34 Ne sie ahefiᵹad hearto iuero on oferfyllo & mið druuncen [Rushw. druncennisse]. a1000Imposition of Penance in Thorpe Laws II. 276 (Bosw.) Gif hit þurh druncen ᵹewurþe. a1200Moral Ode 253 Þe luueden tening and stale, hordom and drunken.
▪ II. drunken, ppl. a.|ˈdrʌŋkən|
Also Sc. 6 drokin, 7– druken, drucken.
[pa. pple. of drink v.: cf. drunk. The Sc. and northern drucken is from Norse: cf. Icel. pa. pple. drukkinn.]
1. Overcome by liquor; intoxicated; = drunk.
a1050Liber Scintill. xxviii. (1889) 107 Ealswa se druncena [ebriosus] win onfehð unhold. c1250Gen. & Ex. 871 He woren drunken and slepi. a1300Cursor M. 27894 Þe drunken semes in his misfare Noght lik þe man þat he was are. c1386Chaucer Wife's Prol. 852 Ye fare as folkes that dronken ben of ale. c1450Mirour Saluacioun 3642 Some..saide thai ware dronken and fulle of must hardily. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 630 How King Duncane send the Wyne and Aill browin with mukil Wort to King Sueno, quhairwith thai war all drokin. 1697Dryden Virg. Past. vi. 23 They..seiz'd with youthful Arms the drunken God. c1850Arab. Nts. (Rtldg.) 494 Drunken people are never seen making disturbances in open day. 1865Rawlinson Anc. Mon. III. iv. 95 Who drink till they are drunken.
b. In proverbs and locutions.
13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 1500 [He] bibbes þer-of Tyl he be dronkken as the deuel. 1562Pilkington Wks. (Parker Soc.) 51 ‘A drunken man is always dry’, according to the proverb. 1619R. Harris Drunkard's Cup 13 A drunken man neuer takes harme. 1887Scotsman 19 Mar., The drucken man gets the drucken penny.
c. transf. and fig.
a1340Hampole Psalter xxxv. 9 Þan sall þai all be drunkyn in god þat wonys in godis hows. 1382Wyclif Isa. xxix. 9 Be ȝe drunken inwardli, and not of wyn. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 291 Inebryate or dronken with heuenly ioye. 1578Timme Caluine on Gen. 313 Dronken with the flatteries of prosperity. 1856Kane Arct. Expl. I. xvi. 196 We were so drunken with cold that we strode on steadily.
2. Given to drink; habitually intemperate. (The more common current sense.)
1548Hall Chron., Hen. VII, 26 b, Could neither have money nor men of the dronken Fleminges. 1610Shakes. Temp. v. i. 277 Is not this Stephano, my drunken Butler? 1769Junius Lett. iii. 18 You..represent your friend in the character of a drunken landlord. 1786Burns Lines on meeting w. Ld. Daer ii, I've been at druken writers' feasts. 1849E. E. Napier Excurs. S. Africa I. 163 Drunken, lazy, good-for-nothing fellows.
3. Of actions, etc.: Characterized by or proceeding from intoxication.
1591Percivall Sp. Dict., Bevida, drink, a potion, a drunken match. 1594Plat Jewell-ho. i. 44 Dutch & drunken deuises, about the gaining of the grounde. 1632Massinger Maid of Hon. i. i, To take up a drunken brawl. 1752Johnson Rambler No. 189 ⁋6 Men who..destroy in a drunken frolick the happiness of families. 1842Tennyson Locksley Hall 81 Pointing to his drunken sleep.
b. Of or pertaining to drink or drunkenness.
1607Wilkins Inforced Marr. v. in Hazl. Dodsley IX. 556 You in riot's house, A drunken tavern, spilled my maintenance. 1791Burke Th. Fr. Affairs Wks. VII. 76 The delirium of a low, drunken alehouse club.
c. That causes drunkenness. See 6 b.
4. transf. Soaked or saturated with moisture; sometimes (with sense affected by 1) ‘drowned’.
c1420Pallad. on Husb. ix. 34 But glad is hit [radish] to loke on drunkun ayer. 1535Coverdale Deut. xxxii. 42 I wil make myne arowes dronken with bloude. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. ii. 47 She..The drunken lampe downe in the oyle did steepe. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. i. 170 The..Ploughman..Drains the standing Waters, when they yield Too large a Bev'rage to the drunken Field.
5. fig. Of a thing: Uneven, unsteady, reeling in motion or course; off the vertical.
1786[implied in drunkenness c.]. 1870Eng. Mech. 11 Feb. 526/2 There are no abrupt breaks to form what would be called by a screw chaser ‘a drunken thread’. 1876J. Rose Pract. Machinist (1885) 106 If the tool is moved irregularly or becomes checked in its forward movement, the thread will become drunken, that is, it will not move forward at a uniform speed. 1889Anthony's Photogr. Bull. II. 69 You have now..no excuse for drunken architecture.
6. Comb., as drunkenmost adj., most drunken, drunkenest.
1854H. Vicars in Miss Marsh Mem. vii. 143 Four hundred of the drunkenmost and wildest men in the regiment.
b. esp. in names of intoxicating plants, or of such as suggest drunkenness: drunken date, the betel-nut tree; drunken plant, drunken rye-grass, darnel grass, Lolium temulentum; † drunken-wort, tobacco (Minsheu Ductor 1617).
1597Gerarde Herbal iii. cxxxix. (1633) 1520 Areca sive Fausel, the drunken date tree. 1611Cotgr., Noisette des Indes, the drunken Date. 1891Griffith tr. Fouard's Christ Son of God I. 304 note, L'ivraie, drunken rye-grass.
▪ III. † ˈdrunken, v.1 Obs.
Forms: 1 druncnian, 2–3 druncnen, druncnie (Orm.) drunncnenn, 4 drunken, -yn, drunkne, dronken, -in, drownkyn.
[ONorthumb. druncnia, ON. drukna (:—*druŋkna) to be drowned = Goth. *druggknan, a neuter-passive vb. in -nan derived from pa. pple. *druŋk-an- of *driŋk-an to drink: lit. to be drunk or swallowed up (by water). Cf. Ger. ertrinken to swallow up, drown.]
1. intr. To become swallowed up or sunk in water; to suffer drowning, be drowned.
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xiv. 30 Mið ðy ongann druncnia [Rushw. in-gon sincan, Ags. G. wearð ᵹedofen] cliopade cueð drihten hal mec doa. a1225St. Marher. 15 Ich leade ham..into se deop dung þt ha druncneð þerin. a1225Ancr. R. 58 Leste eni best ualle þer inne, & druncnie ine sunne. a1300Cursor M. 24862 Quen þe scip suld quelm and drunken [v.r. dronkin]. c1325Metr. Hom. 138 In se dronkenes folc ful fele.
2. trans. To swallow up in water; to drown.
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 39 Þe swin urnen..into þe sæ, and druncnede hem seluen. c1200Ormin 6795 All follc wass þurrh Noþess flodd O Noþess time drunncnedd. a1340Hampole Psalter Cant. 504 Hys chosen prynces ere drunkynd in þe rede see.
3. To drench, saturate or soak with liquid.
a1300E.E. Psalter lxiv [lxv.] 10 Þou soght þe land, and dronkened it yhite. a1340Hampole Psalter lxviii[i]. 3 Þe storme me drownkynd. 1382Wyclif Isa. xvi. 9, I shal drunkne thee with my tere. Ibid. lv. 10 What maner cometh doun weder and snoȝ fro heuene, and..drunkneth [1388 fillith, Vulg. inebriat] the erthe.
fig.1382Wyclif Jer. xxxi. 14 Y shal inwardly drunkne the soule of the prestus with fatnesse.
▪ IV. † ˈdrunken, v.2 Obs.
[OE. druncnian, f. druncen drunken: in later use perh. a new formation.]
intr. To drink to excess, to become drunk.
c1000ælfric Hom. (Th.) II. 70 Þonne ða ᵹebeoras druncniað. 1658A. Fox Wurtz' Surg. ii. iii. 55 If a Patient..fall on gourmandizing and drunkning, then no good is to be looked for. 1693Southerne Maid's Last Prayer 56 The Captain has been Drunkning with my Lord all Night. 1697View of Penal Laws 3 Notorious Offenders, such as continue drunkening at late and unseasonable hours. |