| 释义 |
swith, adv. arch. or dial. (in later use chiefly Sc.)|swɪθ|
Forms: α. 1–3 swiðe, 1–4 swyðe, 1–5 swiþe, 2–3 swuðe, 2–4 suithe, suythe, (2 swuþe, 3 swðe), 3–4 suyþe, 4 (Ayenb.) zuyþe, 4–5 swyþe, suiþe, (swyde ?), (4 squiþe, squyþe, 4–5 squythe, 5 squithe, sqwithe), 4–6 swythe, 3–5, 9 arch. and rare swithe. β. 3 swuð ?, 4 suiþ, (suit, squyþ, compar. swyþþer), 4, 6 Sc. suith, suyth, 4–5, 6 Sc. swyth, 5 swiþ, (Sc. swycht), 5–6 Sc. swyith, (6 Sc. switht), 4–6, 8 Sc., 9 arch. and Sc. swith.
[OE. swíðe = OS. swîðo (MLG. swide, swît), OFris. swîthe, swîde, OHG., MHG. swinde (later swint, schwind(t), mod.G. geschwind, dial. schwind-e), adv. of Com. Teut. adj. represented by OE. swíþ strong (surviving in ME. only in the compar. swither) = OS. swîði, swîð strong, powerful, sudden (MLG. swîde, swît), OHG., MHG. swinde strong, rapid (as the second element in many personal names, as Wolfswind, Amalswind), early mod.G. schwind-e, ON. svinnr swift, quick, wise, Goth. swinþs strong; of doubtful origin.
The normal modern representative of OE. swíðe would have been |swaɪð|. The reduction of ME. swīthë to one syllable |swiːð| took place first in the north (Cursor Mundi). Evidence of normal shortening of the stem-vowel in the compar. swyþþer appears late in the 14th cent.; there is no clear evidence of shortening in the positive till late in the 16th cent.]
†1. Qualifying a finite verb or a participle: Strongly, forcibly; very greatly, very much, extremely, excessively; in superl. most, most especially.
Beowulf 997 (Gr.) Wæs þæt beorhte bold tobrocen swiðe. 971Blickl. Hom. 223 Þæs he wæs ðonne ealles swiþost to herᵹenne. a1122O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 959 He wearð wide, ᵹeond þeodland, swiðe ᵹeweorðad. c1175Lamb. Hom. 119 We sculen hine efre mid alle ure heorte..herian and swiþest on þissere halie tide. a1225Ancr. R. 178 Ȝif eni ancre is þet ne veleð none uondunges, swuð drede hire iðet point, þet heo beo ouer muchel & ouer swuðe ivonded. c1230Hali Meid. 39 Hit ah meiden to eggi þe swiðre þer framward. c1320Cast. Love 1039 Þe fend wondrede swiþe, and seide ‘What artou?’ 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 987 Wyth lyȝt louez vplyfte þay loued hym swyþe. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) III. 479, I wil not greve þe to swiþe [Caxton swyth]. 1398― Barth. De P.R. iv. xi. (Tollem. MS.) Hete worcheþ ful swyþe [orig. nimis] in þe substaunce of flewme and brenneþ it.
†2. Qualifying an adj. or adv.: Excessively, extremely, very. Obs.
971Blickl. Hom. 27 He hine lædde upon swiþe hea dune. c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. vii. 13 Se weᵹ is swyþe rum þe to forspillednesse ᵹelæt. 1154O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1140 Hit ward sone suythe god pais. c1250Hymn Virgin 2 in Trin. Coll. Hom. App. 257 Moder milde flur of alle Þu ert leuedi swuþe treowe. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 5616 Þe king..auised hym suiþe wel, wat man it were. c1375Cursor M. 14335 (Fairf.) Vn-til his fader he made a bone & he hit herde squiþe sone. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 293 Þe water of þat welle is swiþe good for men and nouȝt for wommen. c1425Seven Sag. (P.) 2 In Rome was an emperour, A man of swyth mikil honur. c1450Hymns Virgin, etc. (1867) 119 The iiijte day ys swythe longe, With wepynge & wyth sorow amonge.
3. At a rapid rate, very quickly, swiftly, rapidly. Now arch. or dial.
αc1205Lay. 28469 Ut of Eouerwike..heo iwende, & touward Karliun tuhte, Swa swithe swa heo mahte. 13..K. Alis. 5540 (Laud MS.) To his folk he com ful swiþe, And of his comyng hij weren bliþe. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1424 Þe howndez..hastid þider swyþe. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xxxiii. 150 It es ane of þe swythest rynnand waters of þe werld. c1412Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 744 Þe day passiþ swiþe. c1430Two Cookery-bks. 39 Late hem nowt sethe to swythe, & þan lat hem kele.
βa1352Minot Poems v. 67 Þe schipmen of Ingland sailed ful swith Þat none of þe Normandes fro þam might skrith. c1380Sir Ferumb. 816 Olyuer sone y-seȝ þat cas, & swyþþer bi-gan to haste. c1400Destr. Troy 13156 Whan I hade lengit qwile me list, I launchit on swith. c1400Beryn 583 The Pardoner ran so swith, þe panne fil hym fro. c1450Holland Howlat 171 Swannis suowchand full swyth, swetest of swar. 1892J. Lumsden Sheep-Head & Trotters 40 But daffin jigs, an' sangs, an' tales, Sped far too swith the hours on.
4. Quickly, without delay, forthwith, instantly, immediately, directly, at once. Also as int. = Quick! hence! away! Now arch. or dial.
αc1175Lamb. Hom. 13 Stala and steorfa swiðe eow scal hene. c1205Lay. 25794 We þe scullen fusen to, swa we hit swiðest maȝen don [c 1275 so swiþe so we mawe do]. a1225Ancr. R. 236 Go & slep swiðe. c1250Gen. & Ex. 1086 Ðis angeles..Bid him, or day, redi ben And swiðe ut ðis burȝes flen. c1300Havelok 140 He sende writes sone on-on..That he shulden comen swiþe Til him, that was ful vnbliþe. 1340–70Alex. & Dind. 921 Aftur swaginge of swinc swiþe comeþ ioie. 1388Wyclif John xiii. 27 That thing that thou doist, do thou swithe. c1420Avow. Arth. xxv, He stroke him sadde and sore, Squithe sqounut he thore. c1435Torr. Portugal 1116 ‘Swith’, he seith, ‘that this be done.’ 1575Gammer Gurton i. iv, That chal gammer swythe and tyte, and sone be here agayn. 1907J. Davidson Triumph Mammon v. ii, Wherefore upon rebellion swithe I loosed With my own hand the reservoir of death.
βa1300Cursor M. 1902 Sco went forth and com ful suith [rime eftsith]. 1375Barbour Bruce ii. 316 Till armys swyth, and makys ȝow ȝar! c1420Avow. Arth. xxx, Sethun thay busket hom ȝare, Sqwith with owtun any mare. c1475Rauf Coilȝear 625 Let him swyith in. 1513Douglas æneis i. ii. 61 Switht the cluddis, hevin, sone, and days licht Hid. 1528Lyndesay Dreme 971 Swyith, harlote, hy the hence. 1570Pride & Lowl. (1841) 58 Then called I the Shoemaker and Smyth, The Tanner, Graisier, and the Vintener; Who ready were at hand and came full swith. 1615R. Brathwait Strappado (1878) 129 Pray thee (good Billy) tell me swith and soone, Iockie may doe what Billy late has done. 1725Ramsay Gentle Sheph. iv. i, Swith tak him deel, he's our lang out of hell! 1788Burns ‘Louis, what reck I by thee’ ii, Kings and nations—swith, awa! 1805Scott Last Minstr. iv. xxii, My Ladye reads you swith return. 1838J. Struthers Poetic Tales 20 Swith he left his pipe and plaid. 1900C. Murray Hamewith, Winter viii, Swith to the fleer ilk eager chiel Bangs wi' his lass to start the reel.
†b. as (als, also) swithe as (als swither), as soon as. Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 8167 (Cott.) Alsuith sum [Gött. also suith as] he þat king had knaun, He said, ‘sir welcum to þin aun.’ c1400Gamelyn 541 (Harl. MS.) As swithe as thei haddyn wroken hem on her foon. c1420Avow. Arth. xliv, Als squithur thay ar ȝare, To masse ar thay wente.
†c. ellipt.: see alswithe 2, aswithe = as soon as possible, at once, immediately. Obs. |