| 释义 |
synchronism|ˈsɪŋkrənɪz(ə)m|
[ad. mod.L. synchronismus, ad. Gr. συγχρονισµός, f. σύγχρονος synchronous. Cf. F. synchronisme, It. sincronismo.]
1. a. The quality of being synchronous; coincidence or agreement in point of time; concurrence of two or more events in time; contemporary existence or occurrence.
1588J. Harvey Disc. Probl. 21 Is there any greater concordance, or Synchronisme, betweene the prophesie of Elias and this text, than [etc.]? c1624Mede Wks. (1672) 581 The Apocalypse..hath marks and signs..whereby the Order, Synchronism and Sequele of all the Visions..may be found out. 1697Bentley Phal. iv. (1699) 148 The whole tenor of History, confirm'd by so many Synchronisms and Concurrences. 1712Swift Art Polit. Lying Wks. 1755 III. i. 123 It is impossible to explain several phœnomena in relation to the celerity of lyes, without the supposition of synchronism and combination. 1802Playfair Illustr. Hutton. Th. 125 Nor is there any synchronism between the most recent epochas of the mineral kingdom, and the most ancient of our ordinary chronology. 1867Murchison Siluria v. (ed. 4) 95 The relative thickness of deposits is no test whatever of their synchronism. 1874Farrar Christ lviii. II. 342 That Eternity, which is the synchronism of all the future, and all the present, and all the past.
b. Geom. The property of being synchronous, as a curve (see synchronous 1 c); spec. of a great circle (see circle n. 2 a), the property that chords starting from the same point of the circumference will be described in equal times by particles descending under the influence of gravity.
1867Brande & Cox Dict. Sci., etc. s.v. Synchronous, The synchronism of the circle.
2. a. Arrangement or treatment of synchronous events, etc. together or in conjunction, as in a history; agreement in relation to the time of the events described.
1612Selden in Drayton's Poly-olb. To Rdr. A 2, Upon weighing the Reporters credit, comparison with more perswading authority, and synchronisme, (the best touch-stone in this kind of triall). a1676Hale Prim. Orig. Man. ii. iii. (1677) 143 The coherence and synchronism of all the parts of the Mosaical Chronology. 1837Hallam Lit. Eur. i. iv. §62 (1847) I. 303 The laws of synchronism..bring strange partners together, and we may pass at once from Luther to Ariosto.
b. (with a and pl.) A statement or argument that two or more events, etc. are synchronous; a parallel drawn between occurrences, etc. in respect of time; a description or account of different events belonging to the same period; a tabular arrangement of historical events or personages according to their dates.
1593R. Harvey Philad. 7 Your Synchronisme of Faunus, of Sybilla and Praenestine is to no purpose. 1649Roberts Clavis Bibl. 214 Which two Kingdoms..are..described in a continued Synchronisme, or Contemporary Parallel. 1732Berkeley Alciphr. vi. §21 To range them in synchronisms, and try to adjust them with sacred chronology. 1861E. O'Curry Lect. MS. Mat. Anc. Irish Hist. 171 The histories and synchronisms of Erinn. 1888E. L. Cutts St. Augustine vii. 52 We may make a useful synchronism by noting that the time of his residence was in the year following that in which Symmachus had headed a deputation of senators. 1901Temple Bible, Exodus 136 (heading) Synchronism of Ancient History.
c. (a) Treatment of details according to identity of period, as in architecture. (b) Representation of events of different times together, e.g. in the same picture.
1843Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. VI. 158 The question whether synchronism and uniformity of style are essential to beauty and propriety in architecture. Ibid. 160/1 This work is executed with a knowledge of style and detail, with an attention to synchronism..which leaves nothing to be desired. 1854Fairholt Dict. Terms Art, Synchronism, a representation of two or more events at the same time: it was a favourite practice with the mediæval artists to give the entire life of a saint, or history of an event, in one picture.
3. a. Recurrence at the same successive instants of time; the fact of keeping time, i.e. proceeding at the same rate and exactly together; coincidence of period, as of two sets of movements, vibrations, or alternations of electric current.
1854H. Rogers Ess. (1874) II. i. 90 Exact synchronism and parallelism of movements, as between those of two exactly regulated chronometers. 1869Tyndall in Fortn. Rev. 1 Feb. 231 The heaping up of motion on the atoms, in consequence of their synchronism with the shorter waves. 1873F. Jenkin Electr. & Magn. xxii. 323 The synchronism required is in Caselli's instrument obtained by a pendulum at each receiving station;..the one pendulum controls the other by a current which it transmits..through a special circuit. 1902Electr. Rev. 21 Feb. 290/1 A new synchronism indicator for alternators.
b. spec. in Cinematogr. and Television. Cf. synchronize v. 2 c.
1904Billboard 27 Aug. 13/4 The motor of the cinematograph is absolutely dependent on the movement of the phonograph axle, and perfect synchronism must be had..in order to render the illusion as perfectly lifelike as possible. 1928Television Mar. 37 Thus ensuring synchronism between the transmitter and the receiver. 1957Manvell & Huntley Film Music iii. 75 Nothing..can be more vulgar than music synchronism in films. 1967Electronics 6 Mar. 78/2 (Advt.), The display cathode ray tube on which this output is viewed is scanned in synchronism.
4. = Synchromism. Cf. Simultaneism 1.
[1914M. Russell Let. 12 Mar. in G. Levin Synchromism & Amer. Color Abstraction 1910–1925 (1978) ii. 20 Please don't say Synchronisme which does not apply to painting, the termination is ‘chrome’, ‘color’.] 1961M. Levy Studio Dict. Art Terms 109 Synchronism, an alternative expression for Orphism. 1972C. W. E. Bigsby Dada & Surrealism ii. 10 In some ways it was a part of that artistic re-examination which spawned such schools as impressionism, cubism, futurism and, more exotically, suprematism, rayonism, plasticism, vorticism and synchronism.
5. Linguistics. = synchrony 2.
1962[see diachronism 2].
Hence synchroˈnismical a., belonging to a synchronism or account of synchronous events (see 2 b).
1793J. Hely tr. O'Flaherty's Ogygia I. 136 The ancient synchronismical account of Flann. |