| 释义 |
synergism|ˈsɪnədʒɪz(ə)m|
[ad. mod.L. synergismus, f. Gr. συνεργός working together, συνεργεῖν to co-operate.]
1. Theol. The doctrine that the human will co-operates with Divine grace in the work of regeneration.
1764A. Maclaine tr. Mosheim's Eccl. Hist. Cent. xvi. iii. ii. i. §32 (1833) 488/2 He [sc. Strigelius] was accused by Flackius of Synergism at the court of Saxe-Weimar. 1828Pusey Hist. Enq. i. 23 Even laymen, who would not sign the confutation-book (against Synergism) were excluded from acting as sponsors. 1882–3Schaff's Encycl. Relig. Knowl. III. 2279/2 Synergism is a sublimated type of Semi-Pelagianism.
2. a. Pharm. The combined activity of two drugs or other substances, when greater than the sum of the effects of each one present alone.
1910A. R. Cushny Textbk. Pharmacol. & Therapeutics (ed. 5) 29 Other examples of synergism are offered by the anæsthetics, for..a mixture of two of these may induce anæsthesia when administered in a dilution far below that necessary if either is employed alone. 1938[see antagonism 1 d]. 1961Lancet 12 Aug. 375/2 Combined chemotherapy of acute leukæmia with 6-mercaptopurine plus corticosteroids gave a higher remission-rate than that observed for either of these administered alone... Synergism was not observed with other drug-combinations given for malignant blood diseases. 1972Materials & Technol. V. x. 313 Products of this type are widely used for their ability to work together with other surfactants (synergism), as clarifying and emulsifying agents. 1979Buffalo Evening News 18 May ii. 23/2 By combining 2,4-D and silvex, the weed killer became more effective... This is known as synergism.
b. transf. and fig.
1925J. Laird Our Minds & Their Bodies ii. 26 These various arguments..are often so closely allied as scarcely to be distinguished. There is synergism in all their ramifications... Nevertheless, we must try to discriminate between the different steps and stages in these converging arguments. 1941Beigel & Kurth tr. Reik's Masochism in Mod. Man i. 30 Freud dropped his attempt to reduce masochism to the assumption of a sexual synergism of pain and discomfort in the infantile organism. 1970Nature 4 July 71/1 We wish to describe synergism between two distinct populations of cells in the production of cellular immunity. 1971K. Chin Wu in W. O. Dingwall Survey Linguistic Sci. (1978) vii. 159 Articulating speech was..a function involving a rather delicate synchronization, synergism to use a more technical term, of many muscular activities that had to be learned. 1974Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 15 Apr. 290 Thus, it seems that the synergism obtainable by a working together of both professions would, most of all, aid the physicians who read the journals. 1977New Scientist 30 June 767/2 We've done some experiments on cells in culture and you don't get any synergism, you get addition. 1978N.Y. Times 30 Mar. d3/2 (Advt.), The result: a synergism where the results are greater than the sum of the parts. |