| 释义 |
▪ I. prise, n.1 Obs. or Hist.
(praɪz, ‖ priz)
Also 5 pryse, 6 prese, 6–7 prize.
[a. F. prise a taking, seizure, capture, n. fem. from pa. pple. pris, prise of prendre to take; in med.L. prīsa (Du Cange). The original form of the word now spelt prize (prize n.3), which has been retained in some early uses (senses 1, 2) now historical or archaic, and is the only spelling found in other senses now obsolete. For the specific sense in hunting, see pryse.]
1. The taking or seizing of anything by a lord for his own use from his feudal tenants or dependants; a requisition; a thing seized or requisitioned for the king's use by his officers or purveyors, or for the use of the garrisons in his castles; the right of such seizure. Obs. exc. Hist.
[1170Gervase (in Du Cange), Et de omnibus prisis inquirant causam et testimonium. 1274–5Act 3 Edw. I, c. 7 (Stat. Westm.) Purveu est que nul Conestable ne Chasteleyne desoremes nule manere de prise [transl. 1543 pryse] ne face dautre houme..qui de la Vile ou son Chastel est assis. Ibid., Si ceo ne seit aunciene prise due au Rey ou al Chastel ou al Seygnur del Chastel. ]1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 10742 Sir hubert de boru..Acused was to þe King of mani luþer prise. c1400Brut ccxviii. 257 Þe Quene Isabel and þe Mortymer had a grete manie of her retenue, þat folwede euermore þe Kyngus courte, and went and tok þe Kyngus prises for her penyworthes at gode chepe. 1502Arnolde Chron. 31 Yt the Constable of the tour of London make no preses by londe ne by water of vytayle or any other thinges what so euer thei ben of men of y⊇ forsaid cite. 1621Bolton Stat. Irel. 1 (Act 3 Edw. II) Forasmuch as merchants and the common people of this land are much impoverished and oppressed by the prises of great Lords. Ibid., That no such prises be henceforth made without ready payment. 1750Carte Hist. Eng. II. 319 That the king might live of his own without taking unusual prises. 1771Antiq. Sarisb. 53 The former used to make captures upon the latter of hay, corn, beer, and other things under divers denominations, to wit, Pryse, Tyne of Castle, forrage, &c. Thus the Constable of Dover Castle and the Soldiers, were accustomed to take from the Kentish-men, straw, hay, vetches, peas, beans, corn, and other things. 1866Rogers Agric. & Prices I. ix. 155 All tallages, fifteenths, and prises levied..in the county.
2. pl. (rarely sing.) The king's customs; that is, portions taken by him from goods brought into the realm, or duties levied in lieu thereof. Cf. prisage1. Obs. (or only Hist.)
[1290Rolls of Parlt. I. 27/1 Cum Dominus Rex capiat..per Vicecomitem..Prisas suas et Custumas debitas ad Portum..videlicet, de qualibet nave vini duo dolia ante et retro electa, quodlibet dolium pro viginti solidis.] 1455Rolls of Parlt. V. 293/2 Delyvered to the said Prynce..the said Duchie of Cornewayll, and all..Wayfes, Strayes, Forfaitures, wrekkes of the See, prises of Wyne, Custumes Havenary, Tolles, Cunage of Tynne, Stannaries [etc.]. 1467–8Ibid. 585/1 A Tonne of Wyne, to be takyn of oure Pryse within our Port of Bristowe. 1577–87Holinshed Chron. III. 1240/2 Peter de Oriall,..gardian of all the forrest of England, of all the escheats, of all the ports of the sea, and of all the prises of England and Ireland. 1607Cowell, Prise,..signifieth also a custome due to the King.
†3. Her. Anything assumed; a bearing. Obs.
1572J. Bossewell Armorie ii. 116 b, Thus those prises in coates armoures, which are of many called Fusils, that is to saye Spyndles, may aptly be taken for pillers.
†4. A small piece of gold or silver coin taken for the assay at the Mint. (= F. prise d'essai, ‘morceau de monnaie pour essayer’ Littré.) Obs.
1469in Archæologia XV. 170 Whenn the seid prises of gold and syluer be made and putte in a box to make the assaies.
†5. The quantity of medicine to be taken at once; a dose, a pinch. (Cf. F. une prise de tabac.) Obs.
1683Salmon Doron Med. Pref., They are to be found, together with their certain prizes by the Ounce.
6. attrib.: (sense 1) prise ale (see quot. a 1600); (sense 2) prise wine, wine taken as prisage.
[1300Wardrobe Acc. Edw. I (1787) 14 Vinis de prisa.] 1530More Let. to Wolsey 10 July in P. H. Hore Hist. Wexford (1900) 234 Disturbing the citie of Waterford in the use of a certayn graunt of prize wynys, made and confermed unto theym, as they allegge, by the Kyngs progenitors. 1550Fiat 18 Nov. in 8th Rep. Dep. Kpr. Irel. 91 The prise wines of Waterford, Rosse, Lymerick, Dublin, Drogheda and Dundalk. a1600G. Owen Baronia (1861) 45 Prise ale is certen monye payed by custome used within the said baronye [of Kemeys], of all those that sell ale within the said baronye, burghe or manors aforesaid, vz., vd. for every brewinge, which is due to the lorde there by custome used time out of mynde.
▪ II. † prise, n.2 Obs.
[Origin obscure.
Known only in the work cited (in which the number of alliterations in p- and pr- is extraordinary). The only conjecture offered is that prise was a shortening of F. reprise, ppl. n. of reprendre ‘to reprehend, blame, check, reprove, rebuke, find fault with, carp at’; but examples of the n. in the appropriate sense are app. unknown even in OF.]
? Reprehension, reproof, rebuke, angry check; utterance of angry disapproval or rejection.
c1400Destr. Troy 2032–4 The proude wordis & þe prise of Pelleus the kyng; The tene and the torfor of Telamon after; The Reprofe and prise of Pollux & Castor; The noy and þe new grem of Nestor the Duke. Ibid. 2042 That his message was manast o þo men all, And reproued with prise in þere proude yre. Ibid. 5114 With presumpcoun & prise of his proude hert.
▪ III. prise, n.3 and v.
see prize n.4 and v.3
▪ IV. [prise
a frequent misreading of prese, preese, press n.1, senses 2–5, press v.1 16, 17, in E.E.T.S. ed. (1869–74) of Destruction of Troy (c 1400).
c1400Destr. Troy 1201 Mony perysshet in þe plase er þe prise [MS. prese] endit. Ibid. 1331 Ercules..Pricket furthe into prise [MS. prese] and full playne made... Bere the batell a-bake, mony buerne qwellid [cf. 8317 Past furth into prese, paynet hym ther-for]. Ibid. 12048 Eneas egerly..Put hym in prise & profferit to say. ]
▪ V. prise
obs. f. price, prize, pryse. |