| 释义 |
taker|ˈteɪkə(r)|
Also 4–6 Sc. takar (5 -are, 6 taikar, takkar); 6 takere, tacker.
[f. take v. + -er1.]
One who or that which takes.
1. One who takes, in various senses of the verb.
1486Act 3 Hen. VII, c. 2 Where Wymmen..been oft tymes taken by mysdoers [etc.] and after maried to such mysdoers..Such mysdoers, takers, and procurators to the same [etc.]. 1514in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1900) XV. 450 The payne sessed as well to the Taker as to the gever. 1552Abp. Hamilton Catech. (1884) 11 Takaris of ouir mekil mail or farme, to the herschipe of the tenentis. 1579–80North Plutarch (1676) 203 We read of Alcibiades, that he was a great taker, and would be corrupted with Money. 1602Marston Ant. & Mel. i. Wks. 1856 I. 13 A great tobacco taker too. 1615G. Sandys Trav. 66 The Turkes are also incredible takers of Opium. 1737Chamberlayne St. Gt. Brit. (ed. 33) ii. 93 Layers and takers of paper on and from the rolling-presses. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 101 The best taker to pieces of words of this sort. 1885Law Times 7 Feb. 266/1 The taker of a railway ticket must know what is on the face of it.
2. spec.
†a. One who takes another into his protection, etc.: cf. take v. 14. Obs.
a1325Prose Psalter xlv[i]. 7 Þe Lord of vertuz ys wyþ vs; our taker [Vulg. susceptor] ys God of Jacob. Ibid. liii[i]. 4 Our Lord is taker of my soule.
b. One who captures or seizes; a captor, seizer, catcher, apprehender: cf. take v. 2.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxxi. (Eugenia) 512 [A lynx] Quhen hir qwhelpis are tan hir fra, To chas þe takaris, þaim to sla. 1454Cal. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1889) 281 Halfe of that ransom to the takerys, and the othir halfe to the courte. c15111st Eng. Bk. Amer. (Arb.) Introd. 35/1 They be good takers of fysshe. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xv. (1623) 785 The King..had promised a thousand marks to his taker. c1650Denham Old Age 196 Takers of cities, conquerors in war. 1807G. Chalmers Caledonia I. iii. iv. 451 A searcher, and taker of thieves, and limmers. 1884I. Bligh in Lillywhite's Cricket Ann. 7 Principal takers of wickets.
†c. An officer who took or exacted supplies of necessaries for the sovereign: = purveyor 3. Obs.
1444Rolls of Parlt. V. 115/1 That no man of this Roialme have Takers but oonlye the Kyng and the Quene. 1519Interl. Four Elements in Hazl. Dodsley I. 24 As for capons ye can get none, The king's taker took up each one. 1596Nashe Saffron Walden 62 Let all the droppings of my pen bee seazed vpon by the Queenes Takers for Tarre to dresse ships with. 1619Dalton Country Just. xliv. (1630) 103 Offences of Purveyors, Takers,..or other ministers for the King's Majestie.
d. One who takes something from another by force or wrongfully; a robber, thief, plunderer, pilferer; hence, a literary plunderer, a plagiarist. Obs. or merged in the general sense.
1500–20Dunbar Poems xvii. 43 Grit men for taking and oppressioun Ar sett full famous at the Sessioun, And peur takaris ar hangit hie. 1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. Pref., As euell as a violent taker or (if you will) a robber. 1609Rowlands Dr. Merrie-man 3 Sirrah sayes one, stand, and your Purse deliuer; I am a taker, thou must be a giuer. 1687M. Clifford Notes Dryden ii. 6 Pray hear what Famianus Strada says of such Takers as Mr. Dryden. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. xxix, Robin Hood's dead and gwone, but there be takers yet in the vale of Bever.
e. (a) One who takes possession, esp. of land: often with first or next.
1766Blackstone Comm. II. i. 9 Property, both in lands and moveables, being thus originally acquired by the first taker,..it remains in him, by the principles of universal law, till such time as he does some other act which shews an intention to abandon it. Ibid. xviii. 275 The next taker is entitled to enter regularly. 1884Sir J. W. Chitty in Law Rep. 26 Chanc. Div. 548 The absolute interest which the sixth Earl, as first taker, acquired.
(b) One who takes a lease of a farm, a mine, etc.; a lessee or tenant.
1778Pryce Min. Cornub. 188 When the adventurers thus set a Mine to farm, they oblige the Taker or Tributor to keep the Mine in good repair. 1805Forsyth Beauties Scotl. I. 535 The takers grant bill with a surety for the rent.
(c) In Derbyshire Lead Mines, a miner who takes possession of a mere, after the ‘founder’ has taken his mere (cf. taker-mere in 4 b).
1601High Peak Art. in Mander Derbysh. Min. Gloss. (1824) 130 Where any Miner doth take and possess any fresh ground.., and does work the same to the knowledge of any other, who before such takers aforesaid were or pretended to be possessed of the same ground as taker of a Forefield for an old founder. 1747Hooson Miner's Dict., Taker [is] He that takes a Mear or Mears, from him that is the Founder; several Men may take one after another, if they think it may be worth their while, and then the Mears so taken go by some Name or other, as A's Taker Mear, or B's Taker Mear, or their second or third Taker Mear, to distinguish them from the Founders, and one Taker from another. 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp., Next taker, among miners, is he that hath the next meer in possession.
f. One who accepts a bet. Also in extended use, one who accepts an offer, suggestion, etc.
1810Sporting Mag. XXXV. 245 Two to one were offered..but there were no takers. 1873Standard 30 Sept., The betting gradually veered round with even money offered on W. Beckwith with no takers. 1897‘Mark Twain’ Following Equator xxxvii. 333 A youth staked out a claim and tried to sell half for {pstlg}5; no takers. 1968Listener 25 July 107/3 ‘If anybody fancies he's better off jumping, he'd better go now.’ There were no takers. 1979J. Thomson Deadly Relations vi. 76 Whoever killed her must have..laid her down fairly carefully. Any takers so far?
g. foreign taker: a former officer of the City of London appointed to supervise some of the markets held in the open streets and to attend to their clearing up. Obs. exc. Hist.
c1690in Bohun Privil. Lond. (1723) 136 Richard Robinson the present Foreign taker and Yeoman of Newgate Market. 1720Strype Stow's Surv. Lond. II. 398 Formerly, before the great Fire..there were these Officers, viz. a Serjeant and Yeoman of the Channel, and Yeoman of Newgate Market, and Foreign Taker, whose Office was to sweep and make clean the said Streets, where the Market People resorted, and to carry away the Soil thereof, and to furnish the Market People with Boards and such like Accommodations... But since Markets are removed out of the Streets..these Officers retain only the Names.
h. Stock Exchange. (See quot. 1979.)
1934,1955[see take v. 84 q]. 1979G. Cummings Investor's Guide to Stock Market 104 Taker/Taker-In, a seller of shares previously paid for who is prepared to ‘take-in’ the shares and receive a rate under a contango instead of delivering in the normal way and receiving payment. Also a speculator who has sold short and is not able to cover his position by the end of the Stock Exchange account by making delivery, and who is ready to take a contango rate from a ‘giver’.
†3. Applied to the nippers or claws of a scorpion, etc. Obs.
1608Topsell Serpents (1658) 752 A flamant Scorpion..hath tongs and takers very solid and strong, like the Gramnel or Crevish. 1688R. Holme Armoury ii. 199/1.
4. Comb.
a. With adverbs, forming compound agent-nouns corresponding to adverbial combinations of the verb (see take v. 76–93), as taker-away, taker-down, taker-out, etc.: taker-in, one who takes in, in various senses (see take v. 84); also, an apparatus which takes in or receives something, e.g. the cotton in a carding-machine (quot. 1879); taker-off, one who takes off, in various senses (see take v. 85); also, an apparatus for taking something off, in a machine (cf. take-off, B. 2); taker-up, one who or that which takes up, in various senses (see take v. 93); spec. † (a) one who takes another under his charge or protection, a patron, guardian (obs.); † (b) one who ‘raises’ the psalm in church, a precentor (Sc. obs.); † (c) a member of a gang of swindlers: see quot. 15912 (obs.); (d) a purchaser or purveyor of commodities; (e) a receiver of money paid, as rent, etc.; (f) one who takes possession of an estate; (g) a labourer who gathers up the grass just mown; (h) something that occupies time, space, etc.
a1804W. Gilpin Serm. II. xxxvii. (R.), God..the giver, and *taker away of all earthly things. 1848Mrs. Gaskell Mary Barton xxiii, The taker-away of life.
1836T. Hook G. Gurney I. 105 A practised *taker-in of credulous men. 1839C. Brontë in Mrs. Gaskell Life viii. (1857) 127 A straw-bonnet maker, or a taker-in of plain work. 1879J. Robertson in Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 273/2 Apart from the slight degree of combing..the only duty required of the ‘taker-in’ is indicated in its name. 1902Cutcliffe Hyne Thompson's Progr. 70 ‘Who measured the pieces?’ ‘The taker-in’. 1911[see take v. 84 q]. 1928Morning Post 19 Nov., The operation can be repeated as long as the client, the broker and the taker-in mutually consent. 1979[see sense 2 h above].
1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 380 K is the doffer or *taker-off, having affixed to it the steel comb called the doffing-plate. 1830G. Colman Random Rec., Dr. Graham, A spurious kind of imitation which may account for the number of takers-off at secondhand. 1888J. Southward in Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 706/1 The [printed] sheets are removed singly by an attendant called a taker-off, or by a mechanical automatic arrangement called a flyer. 1883S. C. Hall Retrospect I. 255 A taker-off of peculiarities, he never sought to make a mock of deformity.
1388Wyclif Ps. xli[i]. 10 [9] Y schal seie to God: Thou art my *takere vp [Vulg. susceptor]. 1550Act 3 & 4 Edw. VI, c. 16 §10 Such childe to be vsed..to what labor..soeuer the said taker vp or Mr or Maistres shall appointe him. 1578in Spottiswood Hist. Ch. Scot. vi. (1677) 297 Takers up of Psalms, and other Officers of the Church. 1591Percivall Sp. Dict., Recogedor, a gatherer, a taker vp, collector, receptor. 1591Greene Disc. Coosnage (1859) 8 Foure persons were required to performe their coosning commodity. The Taker up, the Verser, the Barnard, and the Butter... The Taker up seemeth a skilful man in al things, who hath by long travail learned..to insinuate himselfe into a man's acquaintance. 1603Eng. Mourn. Garm. in Select. fr. Harl. Misc. (1793) 205 One of her own servants, a taker-up of provision. 1620E. Blount Horæ Subs. 120 It is..a taker vp of time that may be better disposed. 1622Malynes Anc. Law-Merch. 390 The Taker vp of the money at London, payeth for twelue pence the said marke of 131/3 pence, at two or three moneths Time in Scotland. a1649Drummond of Hawthornden Hist. Jas. III, Wks. (1711) 50 Taker up of the rents of that earldom. 1715Maryland Laws vi. (1723) 20 The said Commissioners..shall..invest the Taker up, and Builder..with an Estate of Inheritance, in the said Lot. 1848Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. IX. ii. 501 The takers-up follow the mower.
b. attrib. taker-mere, in Derbyshire Lead-mines, a ‘mere’ or portion of ground allotted to a ‘taker’ (2 e (c); cf. founder-meer s.v. founder n.5 3).
1653E. Manlove Lead Mines 46 But yet a difference may be taken clear, Betwixt a founder, and a taker meer. 1747[see 2 e (c) above]. 1851Tapping Gloss. to Manlove s.v. Meer, A taker meer was the meer formerly allotted by custom to any person who chose to have one set out to him after those of the founder and farmer had been allotted. |