| 释义 |
▪ I. † enˈclose, n. Obs. rare.
[f. next; in Caxton perh. a. OF. enclos or enclose.]
= enclosure.
1. The space enclosed by a boundary; the precincts.
1484Caxton Curial (1888) 16 Wythin thenclose of thy pryue hous.
2. A letter or document enclosed within another.
1648Evelyn Mem. (1857) III. 32 Since my last, I received..an enclose from Mr. Warcupp.
▪ II. enclose, inclose, v.|ɛn-, ɪnˈkləʊz|
Forms: α. (? 4 encless), 6 encloyse, 4– enclose. β. 5– inclose, 6 incloise, -cloiss.
[f. en-1 + close v., after OF. enclore (pa. pple. enclos) of same meaning. (Cf. incluse.) The majority of recent Dicts. give inclose as the typical form; but the preponderance of usage (in England at least), as well as etymological propriety, is in favour of enclose. The statutes providing for the enclosure of land use the spelling inclose.]
1. a. trans. To surround (with walls, fences, or other barriers) so as to prevent free ingress or egress.
αa1400Morte Arth. 2396 Here es a knyghte in theis klevys, enclesside [? read enclosside] with hilles. c1430Lydg. Compl. Bl. Knt. vi, A parke, enclosed with a wal. 1481Caxton Myrr. ii. iii 67 The paradies terrestre..is enclosed with fyre brennyng.
βc1400Destr. Troy 848 In an yle..This clene flese was inclosede all with clere water. 1523Fitzherb. Surv. 2 And the felde be inclosed about. 1601Holland Pliny I. 91 There is a gulfe of 516 miles, inclosed within the promontory or cape of the mountain Barce. 1611Bible 2 Macc. i. 34 Then the king inclosing the place, made it holy. 1716–8Lady M. W. Montague Lett. I. xxxvi. 137 The gardens..are inclosed with very high walls. 1743J. Davidson æneid vii. 185 And incloses it with a Parapet.
b. To fence in (waste or common land) with the intention of taking it into cultivation, or of appropriating it to individual owners. Also fig.
α1503–4Act 19 Hen. VII, c. 29 §2 Landes..whiche..be encloysed of newe with a Pale. 1523Fitzherb. Surv. 2 It is at the lordes pleasure to enclose them and kepe them in tyllage or pasture. 1593Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, i. iii. 24 Against the Duke of Suffolke, for enclosing the Commons of Melforde. 1725De Foe Voy. round W. (1840) 305 It was not..enclosed after the English manner. 1833H. Martineau Brooke Farm i. 12 An Act of Parliament is to be obtained for enclosing Brook common.
β [1538Starkey England 97, I thynke hyt veray necessary to haue thys inclosyng of pasturys for our catayl and bestys. 1633G. Herbert Temple, Ch. Porch iv, If God had laid all common, certainly Man would have been th' incloser.] 1712Act 12 Anne c. 14 §1 It shall..be lawful..to inclose any Part of the Wastes or Common Grounds..not exceeding Sixty Acres. 1744Jacob Law Dict. s.v. Inclosure, If the Lord of a Manor inclose Part of the Waste or Common, and doth not leave sufficient Room for the Commoners; they may break down such Inclosure, or have Writ of Assize. 1756Act 29 Geo. II c. 36 (title) An Act for inclosing by the mutual Consent of Lords and Tenants, Part of any Common. 1777W. Dalrymple Trav. Sp. & Port. xvi, The late bishop improved this spot of ground..by planting and inclosing it. 1812–16J. Smith Panorama Sc. & Art II. 594 The general advantages of inclosing land can admit of no question.
fig.1562Apol. Private Masse (1850) 8 To enclose that to some one sort of private profit, that ought to remain in common. a1618Raleigh Maxims St. (1651) 43 Charles the fifth..purposed to enclose their [the Netherlanders] priviledges. 1667Milton P.L. iii. 420 This round World, whose first convex divides The luminous inferior Orbs, enclos'd From Chaos. 1668Howe in H. Rogers Life iv. (1863) 126 It is an enclosed pleasure; a joy which the stranger cannot intermeddle with.
2. a. To shut up in a room or building; to seclude, imprison. Obs. exc. with reference to monastic seclusion.
αc1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 334 Of vche clene comly kynde enclose seuen makez. 1375Barbour Bruce iv. 219 The quhethir, men said, enclosit he had Ane spirit. 1393Gower Conf. III. 200 Many a day..he lay..Withinne walles fast enclosed. 1577Hanmer Anc. Eccl. Hist. (1619) 147 Infinite multitudes were everywhere enclosed. c1590Marlowe Faust (2nd version) 120 In the strongest tower Enclose him fast. 1872O. Shipley Gloss. Eccl. Terms 169 The nuns live in community, but are not enclosed.
β1585Abp. Sandys Serm. (1841) 74 Manasses was never reclaimed until he was inclosed in prison. 1632Lithgow Totall Disc. 451 He caused inclose mee in a little Cabinet within the Parlour.
†b. To put (a jury) in the ‘box’. Sc. Obs.
1759Hume Hist. Eng. (1806) III. xxxix. 271 The jury was enclosed, of which the earl of Caithness was chancellor. 1795Scots. Mag. LVII. 610/2 Eleven o'clock..at which time the jury was inclosed.
3. a. To insert in a frame or setting, or in a surrounding mass of material; to shut up in a case, envelope, or receptacle. Also fig.
αc1386Chaucer Pars. T. ⁋965 In the orisoun of the Paternoster hath oure Lord Jhesu Crist enclosed most thinges. a1400Morte Arth. 506 And lettres hym bedes Of credence enclosyde. 1611Bible Ex. xxxix. 6 They wrought Onix stones enclosed in ouches of gold. 1611Shakes. Wint. T. i. ii. 435 That lyes enclosed in this Trunke, which you Shall beare along impawnd. 1626Bacon Sylva §318 The Apple, Enclosed in Wax was..Green and Fresh. 1664Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 218 About the middle of this Month quite enclose your tender Plants.
β1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. vi. 340 The Reliques of Malcolme..war Jncloset and keipet in the selfe buist. 1611Bible Song Sol. viii. 9 If she bee a dore, we will inclose her with boards of Cedar. 1713Guardian No. 1 ⁋1 A robe or mantle inclosed in a circle of foliages. 1750tr. Leonardus' Mirr. Stones 147 Whatever extraneous matter it finds is inclosed in the gum.
b. In mod. use esp.: To place (a letter, document, etc.) for transmission within the cover of another. Also said of the containing letter.
1707Addison Lett. (1941) 68 My Lord Hartford desiring me to enclose this Letter to the Electoress. 1708Ibid. 109, I this morning receiv'd..your Lordship's letter..with several others enclosed in the same packet. 1768Bp. Warburton Lett. Eminent Divine (1809) 422, I looked over my papers to see if I could explain the matter in another sheet, which I would have inclosed. 1835Dickens Let. 8 Aug. (1965) I. 72 My dear Tom.—I inclose you the proof we spoke of, agreeably to your request. 1838― Let. 28 Dec. 478, I inclose to Mrs. Blanchard an Invitation from my worser half. 1840F. Trollope Widow Married iii, I inclose you a lock of his dear little hair. a1891Mod. (Comm.) I beg to enclose my price list. I have received his letter enclosing a cheque. 1903J. Joyce Let. 9 Mar. (1966) II. 35, I enclose you self-explaining documents.
4. In various occasional uses:
†a. To blindfold (the eyes). Obs.
1475Caxton Jason 102 b, [Jason] made them to ere foure mesures of lond, enclosing their eyen.
†b. To harness, put in the shafts. Obs. rare—1.
1615Chapman Odyss. iii. 658 They went to coach, and did their horse inclose [Gr. ζεύγνυντο].
†c. To fasten (a door). Obs. rare.
1563Becon Articles Chr. Relig. xix, We celebrate the mysteryes, the dores beyng shut and enclosed.
5. a. Of things: To surround, bound on all sides; to envelop, contain.
α1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 6610 Þe sese..encloses alle þe erthe oboute. 1382Wyclif Jonah ii. 6 Depnesse encloside me. 1734tr. Rollin's Anc. Hist. IV. ix. 294 A province enclosed between Cilicia and Cappadocia. 1834McMurtrie Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. 409 The semi-nymph only differs from the larva in the presence of the cases which enclose the wings. 1884Bower & Scott De Bary's Phaner. & Ferns 585 A normal cambium..encloses a large pith. 1887Stevenson Underwoods i. i. 1 A house with lawns enclosing it.
β1503Dunbar Thistle & Rose 156 A coistly croun..This cumly quene did on hir heid incloiss. 1645Boate Irel. Nat. Hist. (1652) 40 The Sea..upon the East-side, where the same is inclosed betwixt Ireland and Great-Britain. 1796Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) I. 18 Many of them [crystals] inclose organized substances which they could not have admitted but when in a soft or liquid state. 1839G. Bird Nat. Philos. 106 The air inclosed between E and A will escape through the valve E.
b. Math. Of lines or surfaces: To bound on all sides (a portion of space); also (loosely) to intercept (an angle).
1762Simson Euclid's Elem. Axiom, Two straight lines cannot enclose a space. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. §2. 15 The number of degrees in the angle enclosed by the two mirrors. 1885Watson & Burbury Math. The. Electr. & Magn. I. 63 The space within any closed surface S' enclosing S.
6. Of an army, a number of persons, etc.: To surround, hem in on all sides.
1601Shakes. Jul. C. v. iii. 27 Titinius is enclosed round about With Horsemen. 1611Bible Judg. xx. 43 They inclosed the Beniamites round about. 1667Milton P.L. i. 617 They..half enclose him round With all his Peers. 1770Langhorne Plutarch I. (1879) I. 125/1 The rest of the forces..enclosed the enemy's rear. 1865–6H. Phillips Amer. Paper Curr. II. 91 Endeavor to enclose the British army and navy in the Delaware bay.
▪ III. † enˈclose, pple. Obs.
In 5 inclose.
[a. Fr. enclos, pa. pple. of enclore: see prec. Cf. encluse.]
Used as pa. pple. of enclose v.
c1475Sqr. lowe Degre 986 It was my stewarde, Syr Maradose, That ye so longe have kept inclose. |