| 释义 |
eruption|ɪˈrʌpʃən|
[ad. L. ēruptiōn-em, n. of action f. ērumpĕre: see erumpent. Cf. Fr. éruption.]
1. The bursting forth (of water, fire, air, etc.) from natural or artificial limits.
1555Eden Decades W. Ind. iii. viii. (Arb.) 173 Eruptions of the springes owte of the montaines. 1605Verstegan Dec. Intell. iv. (1628) 100 The great harmes that these parts haue heretofore by eruption of the sea sustained. 1669Boyle Contn. New Exp. ii. (1682) 128 The compressed air suddenly finding out a way of eruption. 1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 243, I sat up..staring out from the window at the eruption of fire upon the hills. 1774Pennant Tour Scotl. in 1772, 19 Pelling Moss, which made an eruption similar to Solway. 1819G. S. Faber Dispensations (1823) I. 106 During the whole sixteen centuries which intervened between the sentence of Cain and the eruption of the deluge. 1830Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 287 One of the most memorable eruptions occurred in 1421, where the tide..burst through a dam..and overflowed twenty-two villages.
¶ Used for: The bursting (of a gun). rare—1.
1660T. Willsford Scales Commerce 192 All guns..perpetrated with cold and frosty weather are most subject to an eruption at the first shot.
b. concr. That which bursts forth; a sudden rush of flame, smoke, water, etc.
1699Garth Dispens. 6 From the Vulcano's gross eruptions rise. 1717Berkeley in Fraser Life 581 The streets of Naples..paved with the matter of eruptions. 1728Mallet Excursion 42 With black Eruption in foul Storm A Night of Smoke..Rolls forth. 1774Pennant Tour Scotl. in 1772, 67 The eruption burst from the place of its discharge, like a cataract.
2. An outbreak of volcanic activity; the ejection of solid or liquid matter by a volcano, of hot water from a geyser, etc.
[1603Holland Plutarch's Mor. 1190 The breakings forth and eruptions of fire out of a mountaine.] 1740Gray Let. in Poems (1775) 94 A Roman town that..was overwhelmed by a furious eruption of Mount Vesuvius. 1794Sullivan View Nat. II. 133 Iceland chronicles give a list of 63 eruptions at Heckla. 1857Dufferin Lett. High Lat. (1867) 87 Our principal object in coming..was to see an eruption of the Great Geysir. 1876Page Advd. Text-bk. Geol. iii. 50 Consolidated products of volcanic eruption.
3. Of persons: The action of breaking forth, of issuing suddenly and violently from within boundaries; e.g. the sallying forth of armed men from a stronghold, or of a horde of barbarians from their own country, the forcible escape of a prisoner, etc. rare in recent use.
1615G. Sandys Trav. 43 Two hundred and fourteene years after their eruption out of Scythia. 1623T. Ailesbury Sermon (1624) 17 In that eruption of the Prodigall sonne from his Father. 1638Heywood Rape Lucr. Wks. 1874 V. 205 The enemie is pounded fast In their owne folds..There's no eruption to be feared. 1652Needham tr. Selden's Mare Cl. 262 Danegeld for the pay of those that should be imploied to hinder the eruption of Pirates. a1677Barrow Pope's Suprem. (1687) 181 The eruptions of Barbarians, the straits of Emperours..&c. did all turn to account for him. 1775Johnson Tax no Tyr. 18 Of this kind were the eruptions of those nations. 1822Q. Rev. XXVII. 377 Securing to them the benefits of prison-discipline, by providing against furtive or forcible eruptions.
4. fig. In many obvious applications of the sense ‘outbreak’: An outbreak of disease, war, calamity, or evil of any kind; an outburst of passion, eloquence, or merriment; a ‘sally’ of wit. Now rare, except with distinct allusion to sense 2.
1588Shakes. L.L.L. v. i. 121 The Curate and your sweet self are good at such eruptions, and sodaine breaking out of myrth. 1602― Ham. i. i. 69 This boades some strange erruption to our State. 1656Owen Mortific. Sin (1668) 47 A man may be sensible of a lust, set himself against the eruptions of it. 1680Life Edw. II in Select. Harl. Misc. (1793) 33 The archbishop of York..resolves to oppose this over-daring and insolent eruption. 1762–71H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1786) V. 107 Before the eruption of the civil war. a1847Mrs. Sherwood Lady of Manor III. xviii. 32 There is nothing which retards the progress of the Gospel so much as the remaining eruptions of sin among the rulers of the Church. 1883G. A. MacDonnell Chess Life-Pictures 8 The twirling of that ornament in his hand..portended an anecdotal or jocose eruption.
5.
†a. In plants: The bursting forth from the bark of buds, leaves, offshoots, roots, etc.; also concr. an excrescence. Obs.
b. Of the teeth: The action of breaking out from the gums, in the process of ‘cutting the teeth’.
a.1626Bacon Sylva (1631) §588 When they [the branches] make an Eruption, they breake forth casually, where they finde best way in the Barke or Rinde. 1660Sharrock Vegetables 142 Both buds and leaves, and all eruptions..on every vegetable. 1671Grew Anat. Plants i. 27 The place of their [Trunk-roots'] Eruption is sometimes all along the Trunk; as in Mint. 1713Derham Phys.-Theol. x. i. 447 The Art in Folding up the leaves before their eruption out of their Gems, etc. is incomparable.
b.1859J. Tomes Dental Surg. 104 The relations of the eruption of the permanent teeth to the age of the individual. 1863Huxley Man's Place Nat. ii. 83 The order of eruption of the permanent teeth is different.
6. Path.
a. A breaking out of a rash, or of pimples on the skin. (In early use with notion of a ‘breaking out’ of latent disease or of ‘peccant humours’.)
1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, iii. i. 27 Diseased Nature often⁓times breakes forth In strange eruptions. 1674Gov. Tongue vi. (ed. 2) 102 When there is an eruption of Humor in any part, tis not cured meerly by outward applications. 1731Arbuthnot Aliments 172 Some Sorts of cutaneous Eruptions are occasion'd by feeding much on acid unripe Fruits. 1799Med. Jrnl. I. 322 An eruption of pimples on that day, which disappeared on the next.
b. The skin affection itself; an efflorescence, rash.
1770Junius Lett. xxxix. 203 No man regards an eruption upon the surface, when he feels a mortification approaching to his heart. 1802Med. Jrnl. VIII. 147 The matter..scarcely ever afforded any eruptions like the small-pox. 1846J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 156 A scaly eruption appears, attended by extreme itching. 1882Squire in Quain Med. Dict. 927 The declining rash of measles leaves a mottling of the skin, not unlike the mulberry eruption of typhus.
Hence eˈruptional [+ -al], a., of or pertaining to volcanic eruption.
1858G. P. Scrope Geol. & Volcanoes Centr. Fr. (ed. 2) 212 It may have sustained considerable absolute elevation..during its eruptional era. 1883Proctor in Knowledge 30 June 384/2 When there are few spots or none on the sun's surface, the eruptional or jet prominences are not seen. |