| 释义 |
‖ adobe|əˈdəʊbɪ, əˈdəʊb|
Also adobi, -ie, and (all obs.) adaube, adobey, adoby, etc.
[Sp.; f. adob-ar to daub, to plaster:—late L. adobāre; see adub. (Dozy derives the Sp. from Arab. aṭ-ṭōb, = al-ṭob, prob. a Coptic tōb, Egypt. hierog. t·b, of same meaning; but Minsheu 1623 has ‘Adobe de barro, mortar, clay.’) Adopted in U.S. from Mexico, and popularly made into dobie. In Eng. sometimes with e mute, after mod.Fr. (in Littré's Supp.).]
1. An unburnt brick dried in the sun.
1748Earthquake Peru (ed. 2) iii. 268 Adobes, that is, large Bricks, about two Feet long. 1834J. L. Stephens Centr. Amer. (1854) 224 The houses in Costa Rica are..built of adobes or undried bricks two feet long and one broad, made of clay mixed with straw to give adhesion. 1845Green Texian Exped. viii. 91 The guard..occupied a small adoby house. 1850G. Hines Voyage 188 Two or three small buildings are enclosed in an adobey wall. 1865E. B. Tylor Early Hist. Man. iv. 99 Adobe, in which form and as dobie, it is current among the English-speaking population of America. 1879E. S. Bridges Round the World 12 He..has a nice little adobi house. 1880Earl of Dunraven in 19th Cent. Oct. 593 Small settlements..consisting only of two or three mud, or rather adobe, houses.
2. A house made of adobe. U.S.
1821Dewees Lett. from Texas (1852) 21 The remainder of the buildings are adobes. 1881Amer. Naturalist XV. 25 The adobe at one moment seemed near, and the next very far off. 1898F. Remington Crooked Trails 25 A little broken adobe.
3. Geol. The loess-like earth or clay from which adobe bricks can be made; a deposit of this material; (see quot. 1889). Also a ‘cement’ made from this clay.
1856G. H. Derby Phoenixiana (1859) xix. 133 We have.. Indians employed..in mixing adobe for the type moulds. 1869Browne Adv. Apache Country 118 This concrete, or adobe, was cast in large blocks, several feet square. 1889I. C. Russell in Geol. Mag. July 291 A peculiar calcareous clay which is used..for the manufacture of sun-dried bricks, known by the Spanish name ‘adobe’. The earth from which these bricks are made is also designated by the same name. We have therefore adopted it..as a convenient term by which to designate the fine subaërial accumulations in general, exclusive of eolian sands. 1944A. Holmes Princ. Physical Geol. ii. xiii. 269 In the semi-arid regions of the western States and in the Mississippi valley there are thick deposits of adobe which correspond in all essentials to the loess of Europe and Asia.
4. attrib. (See also examples under sense 1.)
1841T. J. Farnham Great Western Prairies 136 We spent the 2d and 3d most agreeably with Mr. Walker in his hospitable adobie castle. 1845J. C. Frémont Exp. to Oregon 245 We gave a shout at the appearance on a little bluff of a neatly built adobe house with glass windows. 1895Outing (U.S.) Aug. 355/1 The centenarian bells that hang from buckskin thongs in the adobe towers. 1897Ibid. Feb. 457/1 A mile or so of broad adobe country road. 1951R. Bradbury Illustr. Man (1952) 123 Newer and better fireworks..banged against adobe café walls. |