| 释义 |
adsorb, v.|ædˈsɔːb|
[Back-formation from adsorption.]
1. trans. To collect by adsorption.
1882[implied in adsorbing ppl. a.] 1906Bio-Chem. Jrnl. I. 485 As to other factors which influence the adsorption v. Bemmelen points out the following:—(1) the adsorbing substance, (2) the solvent, (3) the substance to be adsorbed. 1923Discovery Sept. 231/2 Impurities deposited on or adsorbed by the crystals. 1928W. A. Caspari Struct. & Prop. Matter ii. 37 Some charcoals will adsorb hundreds of times their bulk of gas. 1934Discovery July 198/2 Clay behaves like an insoluble weak acid, in that it can react with, and adsorb the actions of electrolytes in the soil. 1938R. W. Lawson tr. Hevesy & Paneth's Man. Radioactivity (ed. 2) xvii. 163 A cation will be adsorbed..when it forms with the anion of the adsorbing salt a compound, the solubility of which in the solvent is small.
2. intr. To undergo adsorption, become adsorbed. Const. on (to), to.
1919Chem. Abstr. XIII. 2477 A strongly adsorbable ion will supersede one possessing a lower adsorbing ability. 1958Yearbk. Agric. 1957 (U.S. Dept. Agric.) 751/1 Adsorb, to accumulate on a surface. 1972Science 5 May 516/3 Soluble viral antigens also adsorbed rapidly to the monolayers. 1973Sci. Amer. May 32/1 When such a gas is cooled, it tends to adsorb as a thin film on the walls of the vessel rather than condense into droplets. 1974Nature 8 Mar. 126/1 Caesium-137..does not adsorb significantly on to sedimentary material and is easily detected at very low concentrations.
Hence adsorbaˈbility, the degree to which a substance is adsorbable; adˈsorbable a., capable of being adsorbed; adˈsorbed ppl. a., collected by adsorption; adˈsorbent, an adsorbing substance; adˈsorbing ppl. a.; adˈsorbate [-ate4], the material which is adsorbed; an adsorbed substance.
1882Nature XXVI. 139 Continuing his researches on ‘adsorption’, or condensation of gases on surfaces of solids, Herr Kayser..has studied the influence of the adsorbing material. 1906Bio-chem. Jrnl. I. 494 In all my experiments with charcoal some trypsin has remained merely adsorbed, and therefore transferable to added casein and active. 1914Chem. Abstr. VIII. 2845 The displacement of one adsorbable substance by another possessing this property to a high degree. 1919Ibid. XIII. 2477 The adsorbability of a salt is detd. by that of its component ions. 1924Proc. R. Soc. A. CVI. 57 Gases known from previous experiments not to be adsorbable by tungsten. 1928W. A. Caspari Struct. & Prop. Matter ii. 38 Animal and vegetable fibres..are tolerably good adsorbents, owing to the large surfaces presented by their internal structure. 1936Jrnl. Soc. Chem. Industry 18 Sept. 724/1 Advantage is taken of marked differences in the adsorbability of the constituents..to perform a separation into two fractions, a more and a less adsorbable. 1937Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) I. 150/1 Enabling the adsorbed solvents to be recovered and the adsorbents to be regenerated..for further use. 1938Nature 26 Nov. 946/1 The first International Standard for Vitamin B, which consisted of an adsorbate of the antineuritic vitamin. 1952New Biol. XII. 102 When only monomolecular layers of the crystal are interacting with the adsorbate, more symmetric crystals can exercise such actions, if adsorption takes place on an asymmetric crystal face. 1964Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. CXVI. 552 Such things as volatility, water- or lipid-solubility, adsorbability, and so on may affect the strength of an odor. 1975Electroanalytical Chem. LIX. 344 (heading) On the mechanism of electrode reactions in presence of foreign, neutral adsorbable organic compounds. 1978P. W. Atkins Physical Chem. xxviii. 943 We suppose that the adsorbed molecules are in dynamic equilibrium with the free molecules. |