| 释义 |
▪ I. exalt, v.|ɛgˈzɒlt, -ɔː-|
Also 5 exsaulte, (8 exhalt).
[ad. L. exaltāre, f. ex- (see ex- prefix1) + altus high. Cf. Fr. exalter (16th c. in Littré).
Vulgar Lat. had *exaltiare of similar formation and meaning, of which the regular phonetic descendant is OF. essalcier, essaucier, represented in mod.F. by the two vbs. exhausser to lift up, and exaucer to listen favourably to (a prayer): with the latter cf. 6.]
1. trans. To raise or set up on high; to lift up, elevate. In physical sense now arch. or rhetorical, or in humorously bombastic use.
1535Coverdale 2 Esdras xv. 53 Thou haddest..slayne my chosen, exaltinge the stroke of thy handes. 1582N. T. (Rhem.) Matt. xi. 23 Thou Capharnaum, shalt thou be exalted vp to heauen? 1601Shakes. Jul. C. i. iii. 8, I haue seene Th' ambitious Ocean swell..To be exalted with the threatning clouds. 1613T. Milles tr. Mexia's Treas. Anc. & Mod. Times 954 Exalting his Courtlax to strike the stroke. 1698Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) IV. 401 Yesterday one Hoyle was fined; as also to be exalted in the market place..instead of a pillory. 1712Pope Messiah 86 Imperial Salem, rise! Exalt thy tow'ry head. 1808J. Barlow Columb. i. 325 Exalt your heads, ye oaks. 1823Lamb Elia Ser. i. xvii. (1865) 131 Exalting his umbrella over her poor basket of fruit. 1832Blackw. Mag. Feb. 287 Let the rogues swing, And thus be exalted.
b. transf. To ‘lift up’ (the voice, a song). arch. Cf. enhance 1 c.
1611Bible 2 Kings xix. 22 Against whome hast thou exalted thy voyce? 1709Prior Henry & Emma 737 Now, Mars, she said, let Fame exalt her voice. 1762Falconer Shipwr. i. 642 The warbling birds exalt their evening lay. 1795A. Musgrave Cicely I. 35 Jane, exalting her voice, cried, etc.
2. In various fig. or non-material senses:
a. To raise in rank, honour, estimation, power, or wealth. † Formerly occas. with title as complement. † Also (rarely) with up.
a1400Chester Pl. (Shaks. Soc.) I. 9 The three tryalles in a throne, And trewe Trenitie, Be grounded in my God heade, Exsaulted by my excelencye. 1430Lydg. Chron. Troy ii. x, One she [Fortune] can high in riches exalte And an other plonge in pouertye. 1494Fabyan Chron. vii. ccxix. 241 Wyllyam exalted the Normans, and gaue vnto theym the chief possessyons of the lande. 1565Card. Allen in Fulke Confut. Doctr. Purgatory (1577) 377 Proue me that your mother Church prayeth not for her departed..you shall be exalted up for euer. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 72 It seemeth likely that you will aspire to take his crowne from him, and to be exalted king yourselfe. 1611Bible Ezek. xxi. 26 Exalt him that is low, and abase him that is high. a1658Waller Poems, To my Ld. Protector xxi, Still as you rise, the state, exalted too, Finds no distemper. 1667Milton P.L. i. 736 Scepter'd Angels..whom the supreme King Exalted to such power. 1771Junius Lett. lxvii. 330 Society can exalt the meanest and worst of men. 1861May Const. Hist. (1863) I. i. 10 He [George III] came to the throne determined to exalt the kingly office.
†b. To elate with pride, joy, etc. Also intr. for refl. Obs.
a1533Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) I v b, With a littell fauour ye wyl exalt, augement, and grow into gret prid. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 44 When the Empresse had..committed the king to warde..she was not therewith a little exalted. 1605Shakes. Lear v. iii. 67 Not so hot: In his owne grace he doth exalt himselfe, More then in your addition. 1647Clarendon Hist. Reb. ii. (1843) 48/2 The covenanters..were very reasonably exalted with this success. 1708Pope Ode St. Cecilia 27 Music..when the soul is press'd with cares, Exalts her in enlivening airs.
c. refl. To assume superiority. arch.
1611Bible 1 Kings i. 5 Then Adoniiah the sonne of Haggith exalted himselfe, saying, I wil be king. 1878B. Taylor Deukalion iii. i, Exalt thyself past limits of my law, I feed thee still.
transf.1742Lond. & Country Brew. i. (ed. 4) 73 That the Salt does not exalt itself above the Sulphur.
d. To praise, extol, magnify. Also absol.
1430Lydg. Chron. Troy. i. v, He that lyst her name so hyghe exalte. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 59 b, And exalting it [his holy lyfe] moost hye, meke thyselfe in herte moost lowe. c1532G. Du Wes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 1023 In Heven..they may laude and exalte with the saintes. a1545Croke Ps. (Percy Soc.) 18 My tonge shall both daye and houre, Dewly exalte thy iustice styll. 1611Bible Ps. xxxiv. 3 O magnifie the Lord with me, and let vs exalt his name together. 1632J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Eromena 132 Taking opportunely hold of an occasion..to exalt the valour of the younger [Prince]. 1719Watts Ps. xcix. ii, Exalt the Lord our God. a1845Hood Tale Trump. 140 The brandy and salt We now exalt, Had made a noise in the public ear.
e. To raise to a higher class, a higher degree of value or excellence; to dignify, ennoble.
1711Steele Spect. No. 4 ⁋8, I shall not lower but exalt the Subjects I treat upon. 1788Reid Aristotle's Log. iv. §3. 80 A negative may be exalted into an affirmative. 1791Boswell Johnson 5 Apr. an. 1772 Men less exalted by spiritual habits. 1836Emerson Nat., Lang. Wks. (Bohn) II. 152 The moment our discourse..is..exalted by thought, it clothes itself in images.
f. To stimulate (powers) to higher activity.
1744Thomson Summer 307 Each liquid..Inflames, refreshes, or exalts the taste. 1860Geo. Eliot Mill on Fl. vi. iii, Trivial causes had the effect of rousing and exalting the imagination.
†3. In Alchemy and early Chemistry: To raise (a substance or its qualities) to a higher ‘degree’; hence, in wider sense, to raise in quality, refine, mature; to intensify, render more powerful (physical agents or effects). Also fig.
1471Ripley Comp. Alch. x. in Ashm. (1652) 178 Then up to Hevyn they must Exaltyd be..to be intronyzate In Clowds of clerenesse. 1570Dee Math. Pref. 8 A liquid Medicine whose Qualitie of heate is in the 4 degree exalted. 1610B. Jonson Alch. i. i, Have I..Sublimed thee, and exalted thee, and fix'd thee I' the third region? 1691Ray Creation (1714) 92 Other stones being exalted to that degree of Hardness. 1725–6Pope Odyss. xxiv. 400 The hours produce their [vines'] latent buds, and Sol exalts the juice. 1744Berkeley Siris §44 Oil, purified and exalted by the organical powers of the plant. 1762Gentl. Mag. 269 The sun is known to exalt the poison of the viper. 1790A. Crawford in Phil. Trans. LXXX. 402 A little strong vitriolic acid, by which the smell was exalted, and a slight effervescence was produced. 1795Burke Regic. Peace iv. Wks. IX. 14 This is Jacobinism sublimed and exalted into most pure..essence. 1813Sir H. Davy Agric. Chem. (1814) 257 The seeds of plants exalted by cultivation.
†b. To volatilize, carry off in vapour. Obs.
1686W. Harris tr. Lemery's Chem. iii. iii. (ed. 3) 735 The fuliginosity which made it black will be exalted and leave the Harts-horn white.
4. To raise in degree, intensify, heighten.
1842W. Grove Corr. Phys. Forces 92 If this intensity be exalted to a certain point the sulphuret becomes luminous. 1859Gullick & Timbs Paint. 202 They [varnishes] enliven or exalt the colours by their colourless transparency. 1870Eng. Mech. 4 Feb. 512/2 To colour gold, or as it is technically called, to exalt the colour of gold.
5. Astrol. in pass. of a heavenly body: To be in the position of greatest influence.
1647Almanak for 1386, 2 The Son is exalted and raised uppe in þe 19 gre of þe Ram, þe Mone is exalted in þe 3 gre of þe Bul. 1652Culpepper Eng. Physic. (1656) 48 Saturn being exalted in Libra, in the house of Venus. 1819J. Wilson Dict. Astrol. s.v. Exaltation, If power may be deemed exaltation, all planets must be exalted when they arrive at their northern nodes, and advance towards our zenith.
¶6. nonce-use. Of a deity: To grant (a prayer) [after OF. essalcier, F. exaucer].
1490Caxton Eneydos xvi. (1890) 61 The god almyghty Iupyter..wolde exalte his requeste.
▪ II. † eˈxalt, n. Obs.
[f. exalt v.]
The action of exalting; in quot. = exaltation 2 c.
1617Markham Caval. vi. 2 To the exalt of the most seruiceable Beast that euer was created.
▪ III. eˈxalt, pple.
short for exalted.
1871Browning Pr. Hohenst. 1835 Bravest of the brave Doers, exalt in Science. 1873― Red Cott. Nt.-cap 1122 Out I stand Exalt and safe, and bid low earth adieu. |