释义 |
advection|ædˈvɛkʃən| [ad. L. advectiōn-em, n. of action from adveh-ĕre to carry to; f. ad to + veh-ĕre to carry.] a. Meteorol. The transfer of heat by the horizontal movement of the air. Similarly, heat transfer by the vertical motion of the air, esp. in a large-scale or steady atmospheric current. Also attrib., as advection fog. Hence adˈvective a., of, or caused by, advection. Cf. convection.
1910Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1909 103 Interchange of air in the upper region would be mainly by advection and the two [upper and lower] regions might be appropriately named advective and convective regions. 1941Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. XLV. 82 The non-adiabatic cooling may be due to two causes, viz., the radiative cooling of the underlying surface, and the advective cooling that results when warm air streams over a colder surface. We may therefore speak of radiation fogs, advection fogs and upslope fogs. 1951Compendium of Meteorol. (Amer. Meteorol. Soc.) 783/1 The greatest convective temperature changes are produced by the vertical advection of pressure, whereas only generally small convective changes in the temperature are caused by the relative local pressure change and by the horizontal advective pressure change. 1956J. C. Swayne Conc. Gloss. Geogr. Terms 9 Advection fog, a fog formed when relatively warm, moist air passes over colder land or water, e.g. the sea-fogs of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. 1956S. Petterssen Weather Analysis & Forecasting (ed. 2) I. xviii. 373 It has been customary to simplify by neglecting..the term representing the vertical advection of vorticity. 1967R. W. Fairbridge Encycl. Atmospheric Sci. 3/1 The distinction between convection and vertical advection is commonly a matter of scale. b. Oceanogr. The horizontal or vertical transfer of material, heat, etc., brought about by the mass movement of the oceans, e.g. in currents.
1942H. U. Sverdrup et al. Oceans v. 160 Surface salinity..was shown to depend on two terms, one that represents the external processes of evaporation and precipitation, and one that represents the internal processes of diffusion and advection. 1966R. W. Fairbridge Encycl. Oceanogr. 23/1 Convectional transport is..due to small-scale..thermally induced currents..which are considered at random and treated statistically. Vertical advection is that due to steady or mean vertical currents. 1979Nature 23 Aug. 651/2 The shelf sea fronts..represent a set of almost fixed geographical boundaries throughout the summer season, moved significantly only by tidal advection. 1981Ibid. 22 Jan. 219/1 Lonsdale proposed two possible sources of nutrition: advection of food materials from surrounding regions [of the ocean] and bacterial chemosynthesis. 1982Sci. Amer. Aug. 35/1 Downward diffusion, advection or convection between the well-mixed layer and the deeper water would increase the amount of carbon dioxide taken up by the ocean. c. transf.
1975Nature 30 Oct. 748/1 Within the continental tectosphere the temperatures are lower, the thermal gradients are super-adiabatic, and the dominant mechanism of heat transport is conduction, not advection. |