| 释义 |
▪ I. thir, dem. pron. and a. Sc. and north. dial.|ðɪr, ðɜː(r)|
Forms: 3 ?, 4– thir; also 4 (þeir, þier), þer(e, þar(e, there, 4–5 þir(e, 4–7 ther, 5 thire, theire, thair, (8–9 north. dial. ther, thor, thoor, thur).
[Origin obscure. The introduction of the word app. coincided with the change of þās in the north from being plural of this to being synonymous with þā, pl. of that: see these, those, tho. The earliest evidence is that of Cursor Mundi and the northern works of 1300–1350, in which þās and þā appear as plural of that, and thir in various spellings is the established plural of this, = southern thēs, midland thise, these. Some suggest its adoption from ON. þeir, þǽr ‘those’, pl. masc. and fem. of the simple demonstrative sá, sú, þat, of which the plural was used also as 3rd pers. pron. pl. ‘they’. Others have suggested a combination of þe with hēr ‘here’, as if = the here, those here. Both suggestions present difficulties. See Note.]
A. pron. = these dem. pron.
13..Cursor M. 6291 (Cott., Gött.) Þir [F., Tr. þes] er þe folk of israel. Ibid. 6481 (Cott.) Þir [F. þer, G. þis, Tr. þese] er þe coma[n]mentes ten. Ibid. 23053 (Edin., Gött.) Gret lauerdschip sal þir [Cott. þar, F. ham] be lent. Ibid. 23643 (Edin. Gött.) Þir sal worsip al creature. a1340Hampole Psalter iii. 2 Þere ere leghers, and þai say to bigile þe. 13..Evang. Nicod. 28 in Herrig Archiv. LIII. 392 We, whatkyn godes er þire [rimes syre, ire, desyre]? c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 3521 Þir [five onions], he saide, has bene my mete. 1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 85 Of all thir, thare is nane sa gude as..defens of gude rycht. 1552–3Reg. Privy Council Scot. I. 137 Thir ar the artikills of the Lordis. 1637–50Row Hist. Kirk (Wodr. S.) 197 Any one of thir requyrs a wholl man. 1825Brockett N.C. Words, Thur, these. 1828Craven Gloss., Thur, thir, these.
B. adj. = these dem. a.
13..Cursor M. 4085 (Cott.) Þeir [Gött. þir, F. þes, T. þese] breþer, þat i said of are. Ibid. 5938 ‘Yee prai your lauerd’, he said, ‘þat he Wald do þier frosses [F. þere froskis, G. þir froskis, T. þese frogges] a-wai fra me’. Ibid. 19391 Þir [F. þer, Tr. þese] seuen were Sett be-fore þe aposteles sere. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 1682 Als þir clerkes fyndes writen. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) Pref. 2 Þir werldly lordes. c1420Anturs of Arth. 575 Witturly ther weys [Douce MS. þes wighte mene] thayre weppuns thai weld. 1423Jas. I Kingis Quair li, I..said thir versis sevin. c1440Alphabet of Tales 55 He lukid evur when þir fendis suld com agayn. 1490Exch. Rolls Scotl. X. 663 To quhais knauleg thire our letterris salcum greting. 1553Kennedy Compend. Tract. in Wodrow Soc. Misc. (1844) 109 Sen the tyme of the Apostolis to thir our dayis. 1678Contract in Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot. (1896) XXX. 21 Both pairties are content that ther present[s] be insert. 1715Wodrow Corr. (1843) II. 33 Thir two men have bred trouble enough. 1790Burns Tam o' Shanter 155 Thir breeks o' mine, my only pair. 1790Mrs. Wheeler Westmld. Dial. Pref. 11 Thor Men hed been at a College, coad Cambridg. [Note. Difficulties of derivation from ON. þeir, þǽr are: (1) The retention of inflexional -r, otherwise unexemplified, and the fact that þei-r had already been adopted in its pronominal sense as þeȝȝ, they, thei, in the north þai, þay, and was in full use in Cursor M. and other northern works: see they. Moreover, neither thir nor ther appears to represent þei-r phonetically, as Ormin's þeȝȝ and E. Midl. þei did. (2) The sense is quite different; the ON. word means ‘those’ or ‘they’, distinct from þesser, -ar ‘these’; while thir has been from the beginning emphatically ‘these’, as distinct from þā, þās ‘those’. The explanation ‘the here’, ‘those here’ suits the sense; but (1) no trace has been found of these in an uncombined form; and (2) the addition of here to a demonstrative, common in the midlands and south of England (see here 1 d), is not known as a northern idiom.] ▪ II. thir
obs. unstressed form of their. |