| 释义 |
probabilistic, a.|prɒbəbəˈlɪstɪk|
[f. probabilist: see -istic.]
1. Pertaining to probabilists or probabilism.
1864Chambers's Encycl. VI. 131/1 In that [R.C.] church his [Liguori's] moral theology,..a modification of the so-called ‘probabilistic system’ of the age immediately before his own, is largely used in the direction of consciences.
2. Pertaining to or expressing probability; subject to or involving chance variations or uncertainties.
1951Philos. of Sci. XVIII. 216 The recognition of the probabilistic character of environmental cue–object and means–end relationships through replacement of the traditional absolute right–wrong alternatives..by cues or means of lower statistical validity. 1957N. Chomsky Syntactic Struct. ii. 17 The development of probabilistic models for the use of language (as distinct from the syntactic structure of language) can be quite rewarding. 1965C. H. Springer et al. Adv. Methods & Models i. 11 Models which are based on the mathematics of statistics and probability, into which we introduce the uncertainties which usually accompany our observations of real events, are called probabilistic models. 1966C. G. Hempel Philos. Nat. Sci. v. 65 Many important laws and theoretical principles in the natural sciences are of probabilistic character. 1972Computers & Humanities VII. 17 His lengthier treatment of two stochastic models notes that probabilistic stylistics is somewhat more advanced than deterministic approaches. 1978Sci. Amer. Feb. 131/3 The strict determinism of classical mechanics is abandoned in the quantum theory and is replaced by a probabilistic interpretation of measurements at the microscopic level.
Hence probabiˈlistically adv., in a probabilistic manner; in terms of probabilities.
1955Science 11 Nov. 910/1 Not only perception but also thinking and valuing are fruitfully conceived as only in some degree probabilistically valid achievements. 1965Language XLI. 201 Between the total workings of such a determinate system..and the sound a speaker produces there is a layer of indeterminacy that can only be handled probabilistically. 1975Nature 17 July 166/2 Equations such as (2) and (3) can provide very simple examples of fully deterministic systems whose dynamics are best described probabilistically. 1978Sci. Amer. June 99/2 The processes that govern the placing of telephone calls are so complicated that it is more fruitful to view them probabilistically than to do so deterministically. |