| 释义 |
‖ tilde|ˈtɪldeɪ|
[Sp. tilde, a popular metathetic form of the type *tidlo for tit(u)lo, ad. L. titulus title. Diez cites as a parallel instance cabildo, L. capitulum.]
1. a. The diacritic mark ˜ placed in Spanish above the letter n to indicate the mouillé or palatalized sound |ɲ|, as in señor |sɛɲor|. Also, the mark placed in Portuguese above the letters a and o to indicate nasalization. Used similarly in systems of phonetic transcription.
Orig. the mouillé sound was written nn, as in the parallel ll; the tilde is an abbreviated form of the second n.
1864in Webster. 1889Pall Mall G. 21 Jan., It is not considered [by the authoress] of any importance if the word señor remains without its tilde. 1915G. Noël-Armfield General Phonetics xvi. 88 The phonetic symbol for nasalised vowels is [˜] (the Spanish tilde) placed over the vowel symbol. 1958J. L. Taylor Portuguese-Eng. Dict. (1959) p. x/2 If a word bears a tilde..stress the syllable so marked. 1974Encycl. Brit. Micropædia VIII. 147/2 Typical of the Portuguese sound system is the use of nasal vowels, indicated in the orthography by m or n following the vowel..or by the use of a tilde..over the vowel.
b. Palæogr. and Early Printing. The diacritic mark ˜ placed above a letter to indicate contraction of a following n or m.
1959N. & Q. Feb. 77/2 From c. 1560 the tilde was used in printed English dramatic texts only over the vowels a, e, o, and u. 1975J. Butcher Copy-Editing xi. 205 Superscript letters and tildes (nunnation marks) in contractions are normalized to modern usage unless there are good reasons to the contrary.
2. Used as a symbol in Math. and Logic, chiefly to indicate negation.
1958New Scientist 10 July 364/2 If A is a matrix it is usual to denote the transpose of A by A′ or A*, and the trace of A by tr A. However, the author plays the part of ‘the odd man out’ by placing a tilde (˜) over A to denote the transpose of A. 1971[see hook n.1 10 d]. 1979D. R. Hofstadter Gödel, Escher, Bach viii. 212 With the tilde in front, the whole statement is denied. 1982S. Afr. Jrnl. Philos. I. 117/1 The standard interpretation of the propositional calculus identifies the tilde with the English word not. |