| 释义 |
▪ I. † fele, adv. (quasi-n.) and a. Obs.
Forms: α. 1–2 fela, feola, north. feolu, feolo, 2–4 feole, (3 feola, fole), 3–4 fale, 3–6 feil(l(e, 4–5 feel(e, 4–6 fel(e, fell(e. β. (2 veale), 3 vale, (væle, veole), 3–4 vele. Compar. 4 feler, 5 felire.
[OE. feolo, feolu (Mercian and Northumb.), feola, fela (WSax.) are respectively the accus. and the oblique case neuter (used adverbially, and hence as quasi-n.) of a Com. Teut. adj., of which the other Teut. langs. have in their early forms only the accus. neut. as adv. and quasi-n.: OFris. felo, OS. filo, filu (Du. veel), OHG. filu, filo (MHG. vil, vile, mod.Ger. viel, the latter also inflected as adj.), ON. fiǫl (chiefly in comb.), Goth. filu:—OTeut. *felu:—pre- Teut. *pélu (with ablaut-var. *polú) much; cf. Skr. purú, Gr. πολύς, OIr. il.]
A. adv.
1. To a great extent or degree, much. Also in so, too fele.
Beowulf 1379 Þær þu findan miht fela-synnigne secᵹ. c950Lindisf. Gosp. Luke vii. 47 Forðon lufade feolo. c1000Wife's Compl. 26 (Gr.) Sceal ic..mines fela leofan fæhðu dreogan. a1250Prov. ælfred 196 in O.E. Misc. (1872) 114 Ne ilef þu nouht to fele uppe þe see. a1300Cursor M. 8991 (Cott.) Thoru wimmen þat he luued sa fele. c1300Havelok 2442 He bounden him so fele sore. c1400Destr. Troy 1884 Syn þe fre is so faire, & so fele vertus. c1470Henry Wallace i. 56 Fell awfull in effer. 1598Hakluyt Voy. I. 192 The Beere, That they drinken feele too good chepe.
2. quasi-n. Much, a great number or quantity. Chiefly with partitive genitive. Often qualified by how, like, so, too.
After the OE. period this use is seldom distinguishable from the adj.; later instances are placed here only when their grammatical character is evidenced by inflexion of the following n.
Beowulf 1060 Fela sceal ᵹebidan leofes and laðes. c825Vesp. Psalter lxv[i]. 16 Ic seg[c]o eow alle ða ondredað dryhten hu feolu dyde sawle minre. a900Charter in O.E. Texts (1885) 444, & swae feola sufla. c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxvi. 19 Fela ic hæbbe ᵹeþolod todæᵹ þurh ᵹesyhðe for hym. c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 208 Ne forlæt þu þæs blodes to fela on ænne siþ. c1175Lamb. Hom. 9 Monie and feole oðre godere werke. a1300Sinners Beware 87 in O.E. Misc. 75 Sunnen seouene þat bringeþ vt of heouene Swiþe vele manne.
B. adj. (Indeclinable; but as the word after 11th c. was used all but exclusively of multitude, not of quantity, the final e was prob. felt in ME. as a pl. ending. A solitary instance of felen dat. pl. occurs in the Ayenbite.)
1. With n. in pl. Many. Often preceded by as, how, so; also in many and fele.
O.E. Chron. an. 963 (Laud MS.) Se biscop..bohte þa feola cotlif æt se king. Ibid. an. 1124 Fela soðfeste men sæidon [etc.]. c1175Lamb. Hom. 117 Fela stuntnesse beoð. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 3067 Suche stones, so grete & so uale. a1300Cursor M. 18268 (Cott.) Hu fele pines ai sal þou fele. c1305Land Cokayne 95 Þer beþ briddes mani and fale. 1340Ayenb. 5 Þou ne sselt habbe uele godes. 1382Wyclif Gen. xxiv. 22 As feel arm serclis. c1420Chron. Vilod. 586 Sekemen come þedur mony and ffele. c1425Seven Sag. (P.) 1110 He..hadde..of the quene many gyftis fele. c1500Lancelot 768 Galiot haith chargit hyme to tak Als fell folk. 1513Douglas æneis i. i. 83 Sa fele ȝeris. 1598Hakluyt Voy. I. 201 So fele shippes this yeere there ware, That moch losse for vnfreyght they bare.
b. With n. in sing. Much.
a1300Cursor M. 4050 (Cott.) Þat..sufferd sa fele peril. c1400Ywaine & Gaw. 1392 That so fele folk led obowt. c1440Generydes 6701 With kysseng fele. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 54 Feill folk als out of Germania.
2. In predicative use: Much, many, numerous. Also in compar.: More in number, more numerous.
a1300Cursor M. 14079 (Cott.) Þe folk him foluand was ful fell. c1340Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1391, I wowche hit saf fynly, þaȝ feler hit were. 1340–70Alex. & Dind. 528 So fale folewen þe folk. c1400Destr. Troy 4869 Þai are feler of folke. a1400–50Alexander 2084 A pake out of nounbre, Felire þan his folke be full fyue thousand.
3. absol. in pl. Many persons.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 107 He mei findan fele þe beoð bet iþoȝen and istoȝen þene he. c1200Ormin 7640 Fele shulenn fallenn & fele shulenn risenn upp. a1300Cursor M. 8495 (Cott.) Þis writte wit fele was red and sene. 1340Ayenb. 102 God, þet..yefþ more bleþeliche..to uelen þanne to onen allone. 1375Barbour Bruce xvi. 641 In sum bargis sa feill can ga..That thai ourtummyllit. c1450Bk. Curtasye 522 in Babees Bk. (1868) 316 Few ar trew, but fele ar fals.
b. quasi-n. Many of. Cf. A. 2.
a1300Cursor M. 7012 (Cott.) Fourti thusand of israel, O beniamin negh als fel. c1394P. Pl. Crede 547 Fele of þise poyntes. a1455Holland Howlat 522 Feile of the fals folk, that fled of befor.
4. In comb. with n., forming an adj., as fele-kyn, of many kinds, various; or an adv., as fele-sith, fele-syss, feltymes many times, often. Also felefold.
c1200Ormin 3573 Hire sune wass himm lic O fele kinne wise. [c1205Lay. 1717 On feole kunne wisen.] a1300Cursor M. 28380 (Cott.) Oure fele-sith haf i ben to spend þe gode wit skil þat godd me send. 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 1483 Of mony kyndes, of fele-kyn hues. 1375Barbour Bruce iii. 651 Felesyss, quhen thou art away. Ibid. xx. 225 That ȝhe haf done till me feill siss. 1382Wyclif Ecclus. xx. 18 Hou ofte sithes and hou fele shul thei scorne hym? c1400Destr. Troy 3014 Of hir fairehede feltymes hade þe freike herd.
▪ II. † fele, a.2 Obs.
Also 3 felle, 4 fale, feele, fel, 5 fall. See also fiel.
[OE. fǽle, corresp. to OHG. feili purchasable (mod.G. feil).]
a. In OE.: One's own; dear, faithful, good.
b. In ME.: Proper, of the right sort, good.
c1000Ags. Ps. (Gr.) lxxviii. [lxxix.] 1 Þin fæle hus. Ibid. cxviii. [cxix.] 105 Þæt is fæle blæcern minum fotum. a1250Owl & Night. 1376 Ah schaltu, wrecche, luve tele..vich luve is fele, Bi-tweone wepmon and wimmane? 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 399 As þei God..Made þat lond so feele To be celer of al heele. a1400Sir Perc. 729 Thou art fele, That thou ne wille away stele.
▪ III. fele
obs. form of file v.2 |