| 释义 |
▪ I. fend, n. Sc. and dial.|fɛnd|
[f. next vb.]
1. A shift or effort which one makes for oneself. to make a fend: to make a venture.
a1724Borrowstoun Mous in Ramsay Evergreen I. 144 Scho maid an easy Fen. 1794Burns Tam Glen ii, I'm thinking, wi' sic a braw fallow, In poortith I might mak a fen'. a1810Tannahill Poems (1846) 25, I think, through life I'll make a canny fen', Wi hurcheon Nancy. 1824Scott St. Ronan's xx, Out I wad be, and out John Bowler gat me, but wi' nae sma fight and fend. 1855Robinson Whitby Gloss., ‘They make a good fend for a living.’ 1877Holderness Gloss., ‘He disn't seem to mak a bit o' fend.’
2. Activity in making shifts for oneself, energy.
1788Marshall Yorksh. Gloss., Fend, activity, management, assiduity, prowess. 1876Whitby Gloss.
3. Provisions, fare.
1804W. Tarras Poems 54 Nae sumptuous fend, but hamely food.
†4. Naut. = fender n. Obs.
1658Phillips, Fends, things hung over a Ships side to keep another Ship from rubbing against it.
5. Comb., as fend-bolt (Naut.) = fender n. 2 b; fend-full a. Sc., full of shifts or expedients.
1678Phillips, Fenders, pieces of old Cables [etc.] ..hung over a Ships side..called also *Fend-bolts. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Fend or Fender Bolts, made with long and thick heads, struck into the outermost bends or wales of a ship, to save her sides from hurts and bruises.
1820Blackw. Mag. Dec. 321 Else yere grown less *fendfou than I ever saw ye.
▪ II. fend, v.|fɛnd|
Also 4–6 fende, (4 fenden), 7–8 Sc., 9 dial. fain, fen.
[Shortened from defend.]
1. trans. = defend v. Now arch. or poet.
a1300Cursor M. 28851 (Cott.) Almus..fenddes his saul fra þe fend. c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 195 He com right son, Normundie to fende. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xxii. 46 He..fendede hem fro foule vueles. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 13 If þat we kunne fende him fro a fevere. c1470Henry Wallace iv. 615 Wallace in ire a burly brand can draw..To fende his men with his deyr worthi hand. 1503Dunbar Thistle & Rose 133 And said, ‘In feild go furth and fend the laif’. 1568U. Fulwell Like Will to Like in Hazl. Dodsley III. 322 Fend your heads, sirs, for I will to it more once. 1647H. More Song of Soul i. i. xxvii, O heavenly Salems sons! you fend the right. a1774Fergusson Poems (1789) II. 32 My trees..Shall fend ye frae ilk blast o' wind. 1845W. E. Frye tr. Oehlenschl. Gods 83, I only sought my realm to fend By wizard spell and mystic song. 1863Emerson Boston Hymn 16 Freedom..shall..fend you with his wing.
b. refl. and intr. for refl.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 216 Þo þat þer purueiance of Oxenford not held, With scheld & with lance fend him in þe feld. c1400Destr. Troy 10142 The freike with a fauchon fendit hym well. 1573Satir. Poems Reform. xl. 196 How he suld fend from furie and thair fead. 1724R. Falconer Voy. (1769) 101 What will come, will come, and there's no fending against it. 1837R. Nicoll Poems (1842) 17 To fend against the winter cauld The heather we will pu'. 1864Sir J. K. James Tasso (1865) II. xiv. xxiv, An agent prompt to fend and to attack. 1865S. Evans Bro. Fabian 49 Goodman true, wouldst fend thyself From witchcraft and midnight elf?
2. intr. to fend and prove: to argue, wrangle.
1575Laneham Let. (1871) 17 Thus, with fending & proouing, with plucking & tugging. c1698Locke Cond. Underst. xxxi, Being able to fend and prove with them. 1702Vanbrugh False Friend 1, Instead of fending and proving with his mistress, he should come to..a..parrying and thrusting with you. 1721Strype Eccl. Mem. II. xxviii. 478 That delighted not in fending and proving. 1855Robinson Whitby Gloss., Fending and Proving, arguing and defending. 1877N.W. Linc. Gloss., After fendin' an' provin' about summats.
3. To ward or keep off, turn aside, keep out or at a distance. Also, to fend back.
c1572Gascoigne Fruites Warre (1831) 217 So might we..fend our foes with blowes of English blade. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 466 With Fern beneath, to fend the bitter Cold. 1712S. Centlivre Perplexed Lovers i. i, You shall not want a friend to fend that blow! 1787Burns Holy Fair 73 Here stands a shed to fend the show'rs. 1804W. Tarras Poems 22 To..fend the heat o' simmer blinter. 1823Crabb Technol. Dict., ‘Fend the boat’, prevent it striking against any thing. 1860Maury Phys. Geog. Sea ii. §143 Warm water..in contact with a cold non⁓conducting cushion of cold water to fend it from the bottom. 1876Blackmore Cripps ii. (1877) 12 Fending the twigs from her eyes and bonnet. 1877Kinglake Crimea VI. vi. 364 It enabled him to fend back the masses confronting him.
b. esp. with off.
a1400–50Alexander 1031 Þar a cite he assailes..Bot wees wiȝtly with-in þe wallis ascendid, Freschly fendid of & fersly with-stude. c1570Marr. Wit & Science iv. i. in Hazl. Dodsley II. 364 To fend and keep him off awhile, until his rage be out. 1669Penn No Cross xx. §23 Do you think that Words will fend off the Blows of Eternal Vengeance? 1816Scott Antiq. xxxvii, ‘Ye had aye a good roof ower your head to fend aff the weather.’ 1861Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. xiii. (1889) 127 Catch hold of the long boat-hook, and fend her [the boat] off. 1865Livingstone Zambesi xxiv. 481 A spoonful in hot water..to fend off a chill and fever.
absol.13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 1191 Þay feȝt & þay fende of, & fylter togeder. 1864E. Sargent Peculiar III. 125 The man of nerve looks boldly at the danger and fends off accordingly.
4. intr. To make an effort, strive or try to do something; to make a shift; to take precautions against. Sc. and dial.
15..in Sibbald Chron. Scot. Poetry II. 46 Few for falsett now may fend. c1680[F. Sempill] Banishm. Poverty in Watson Collect. i. 13 Then I knew no way how to fen. 1712S. Centlivre Perplexed Lovers iv, We must fend against that. 1788Marshall Yorksh. Gloss., Fend, to strive as for a livelihood. 1794Burns Gane is the day, Semple-folk maun fecht and fen. 1859Geo. Eliot A. Bede (ed. 4) I. 45 I'd make a shift, and fend indoor and out, to give you more liberty. 1865E. Waugh Lanc. Songs, God bless him that fends for his livin', An' houds up his yed through it o'!
b. to fend for: to make shift for, look after, provide for. So in to fend for oneself. Chiefly dial. or colloq.
1629Jackson Treat. Div. Essence ii. Wks. 1673 II. 139 They do not..direct their brood in their motions, but leave them to fend for themselves. 1660H. More Myst. Godl. To Rdr. 24 They are such as..fend for themselves as well as they may. 1785Hutton Bran New Wark 468 When the awner will not fend for his sell. 1787Grose Prov. Gloss., I ha twa bairns to fend for. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. xx, ‘Ane wad hae carried me through the warld, and friended me, and fended for me.’ 1859Geo. Eliot A. Bede 94 ‘Lads as could fend for their sens.’
c. = fare v.1 7. dial.
1781Hutton Tour to Caves Gloss., How fend you, how fare you? 1790Mrs. Wheeler Westmld. Dial. (1821) 113 I'd kna haw they fend all. 1794Burns Carle of Kellyburn Braes ii, He met wi' the devil; says, ‘How do you fen?’ 1872Black Adv. Phaeton 23 ‘How fens tee, Jeck? gaily?’
5. trans. = to fend for (4 b). Hence, to provide sustenance for, support, maintain. Chiefly Sc. and dial.
1637Rutherford Lett. (1862) I. 223 Fend thyself, I will hold my grips of thee no longer. 1674Ray N.C. Words, To Fend; to shift for. a1774Fergusson Poems, Rising of Session 18 Hain'd mu'ter hauds the mill at ease And fends the Miller. 1787Burns Death of Mailie 32 Gie them guid cow-milk their fill, Till they be fit to fend themsel. 1816Scott Old Mort. v, ‘They are puirly armed, and warse fended wi' victual.’
†6. To forbid. Obs. exc. dial. Cf. fen v.
c1460Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 9, I fend, Godes forbot, that ever thou thrife. 1888Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk., Ee fain un vrum gwain pun eez graewn.
Hence ˈfended ppl. a., ˈfending ppl. a.
1867Emerson May-Day, etc. Wks. (Bohn) III. 423 This Oreads' fended Paradise. 1883Almondbury Gloss., Fending..industrious.
▪ III. fend(e
obs. form of fiend. |