| 释义 |
affordance, n.
Brit. |əˈfɔːdəns|, U.S. |əˈfɔrdəns|
Forms: 18 affwordance[Eng. regional (Cumberland)], 18– affordance
[‹ afford v. + -ance suffix.]
1. Eng. regional (Cumberland). The amount a person can afford to pay. Now rare.
1879W. Dickinson Gloss. Dial. Cumberland (ed. 2) Suppl. 123 Affwordance, ability to bear some expence. a1898W. Kewley in Eng. Dial. Dict. I. 19/2 [Cumberland] It's beyond my affordance.
2. Psychol. A characteristic of an object, esp. relating to its potential utility, which can be inferred from visual or other perceptual signals; (more widely) a quality or utility which is readily apparent or available.
1966J. J. Gibson Senses considered as Perceptual Systems xiii. 285 When the constant properties of constant objects are perceived (the shape, size, color..[etc.]), the observer can go on to detect their affordances. I have coined this word as a substitute for values, a term which carries an old burden of philosophical meaning. I mean simply what things furnish, for good or ill. 1978Science 10 Mar. 1060/3 Gibson..asserts that there are correspondences between a visual perception and an object's characteristics (‘affordances’). Thus, if there is optical information that a surface is rigid, flat, level, and extended, then the surface affords ‘sit-on-ableness’. 1997Brit. Jrnl. Philos. Sci. 48 599 An organism that can track an affordance only through a single, specific cue is very limited in its ability to use feedback to control and modulate its behaviour, for it is restricted to reliance on variation over time in that single cue. 2002New Yorker 25 Mar. 93/1 Digital documents..have their own affordances. They can be easily searched, shared, stored, accessed remotely... But they lack the affordances that really matter to a group of people working together. |