| 释义 |
▪ I. tod, n.1 Sc. and north. dial.|tɒd|
Also 5 tode, 6 todd(e, toad, 7 todd.
[A northern word of unknown origin; ‘app. not from Norse’ (Biörkman).
The suggestion that this word may be identical or connected with tod n.2, and have reference to the bushy or tufted tail of the fox, is at variance with chronology and local distribution. tod n.2 is essentially southern, while tod = fox is exclusively Scotch and Northumbrian, and was in use 400 years before tod = ivy-bush appears.]
1. A fox. Now only dial.
c1170Reginald Dunelm. Libellus (Surtees) xv. 25 Pro caseo quem furto sustulit Tod agnomen accepit. Ibid. 28 Nam anglicæ linguæ..tota illius familia stirpis, Tod, quod vulpeculam sonat, cognominantur eloquio. 1508Kennedie Flyting w. Dunbar 288 Todis, wolffis and beistis wyle. 1535Lyndesay Satyre 3574 Birdis hes thair nestis and todis hes their den. 1536Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) I. p. xli, Toddis will eat na flesche that gustis of thair awin kind. 1588King tr. Canisius' Catech. 113 Eschewed as theewes, murtherars, tods, dogs, and wolues. 1637B. Jonson Sad Sheph. i. iv, Or strew Tods haires, or with their tailes doe sweepe The dewy grasse, to d' off the simpler sheep. 1721Ramsay Richy & Sandy 49 Had the tod Worry'd my lambs. 1825Scott Betrothed Introd., I have a grew-bitch at hame will worry the best tod in Pomoragrains. 1871E. Peacock Ralf Skirl. II. 150 I'll trap every tod that comes our way, and all t'other farmers..'ll do th' same.
b. in proverbial and allusive expressions; cf. fox n. 1 b, c. (See also 2.)
c1560A. Scott Poems (E.E.T.S.) xxv. 29 Be scho wylie as ane tod, Quhen scho winkis I sall nod. 1583J. Melvill Diary (1842) 137 Bischope Adamsone keipit his castle, lyk a tod in his holl, seik of a disease of grait fetiditie. 1706Let. fr. Country Farmer 2 (Jam.) This will be very odd, for..Scotsmen to play their own Country sic a Tod's turn. 1820Scott Monast. iv, Fear ye naething frae Christie; tods keep their ain holes clean.
2. fig. A person likened to a fox; a crafty person.
tod's birds, tod's bairns, an evil brood, children or persons of a bad stock.
1500–20Dunbar Poems xiii. 37 Sum in ane lamb skin is ane tod. 1581J. Hamilton in Cath. Tractates (S.T.S.) 74 The vnthankfull dealing of sik vylie [= wily] toddis. 1589R. Bruce Serm., 2 Tim. ii. 22 (1591) Y viij, [The affections] wald ever be handled as Tods birds; for they ar aye the war of ouer great libertie. 1639Baillie Lett. (1841) I. 196 To hold the islanders and these tod's-birds of Lochaber in some awe. 1721Kelly Scot. Prov. 329 The Tod's Bairns are ill to tame. 1789Burns Kirk's Alarm viii, Daddy Auld, Daddy Auld, there's a tod in the fauld, A tod meikle waur than the Clerk. 1886Stevenson Kidnapped vi, Take care of the old tod; he means mischief.
b. transf. In the game of tod and lambs (in draughts), the piece representing the fox.
1812W. Tennant Anster F. ii. lxx, Some force, t' inclose the Tod, the wooden Lamb on; Some shake the pelting dice upon the broad backgammon.
†3. ellipt. Fox-skin. Obs.
[14..tr. Assisa David Reg. Scott. in Acts. Parl. Scot. I. 667 Of a tymmyr of skynnis of toddis [12th c. orig. De tymbria wlpium]. ]1503Kalender Sheph. H v b, Gownys..furryt wyth toddys for yt ys the most heyt furryng that they may wse. 1506Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. III. 249 Item, for bordouring of it [goun to the King] with toddis,..xxiijs. 1564Reg. Privy Council Scot. I. 308 Ane gown, lynit with toddis of blak, begareit with velvot.
4. attrib. and Comb., as tod-hunt, tod-hunter, † tod-pult (tod-powt) (sense uncertain), tod-skin; tod-hole, a fox's hole or den; fig. a secret hiding-place; tod-lowrie (also Laurie Tod), a familiar name for the fox; cf. reynard; † tod-stripe, a strip of woodland in which foxes have their holes; tod-tails (also tods'-tails), name for the club-moss, Lycopodium clavatum; tod-tike (-tyke), -touzing, -track: see quot. 1824.
c1170Newminster Cartul. (Surtees) 62 Usque ad *Todholes. 1844W. Cross Disruption vi, We maun..try to find some tod-hole whaur the Doctor can ne'er get his clauts owre me.
1904A. Thomson Remin. II. v. 154 To go and have a *tod hunt in the Highlands.
1882Standard 10 Feb. 5/3 The ‘*Tod-hunter’, who last century was kept in the Western Isles for the purpose of exterminating the foxes.
1822Galt Sir. A. Wylie II. xv. 144 His *tod-like inclination to other folks' cocks and hens.
c1470Henryson Mor. Fab. v. (Parl. Beasts) xxii, The *tod lowrie luik not to the lam. 1725Ramsay Gentle Sheph. iv. i, As fast as flaes skip to the tate o woo Whilk slee tod-lowrie hauds without his mow.
1511Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. IV. 198 Item, to Lance Ferry for ane lyning of *tod pultis to the samyn gowne..xviij li. 1522Ibid. V. 194 Item, for ane lynying of tod powtis to the Kingis nichtgoun..viij l. v s.
1424Sc. Acts Jas. I (1814) II. 6/1 Of ilke x of otter skynnis and *tode skynnis, vj d.
c1440Regr. Aberdon. (Maitl. Cl.) I. 250 Robert Innes..takis..part fra þe *tode stripe to Edinglasse.
1820Blackw. Mag. June 278/1 That singular and beautiful creeping ornament of the moorlands, called by the peasantry *tod tails.
1824Mactaggart Gallovid. Encycl., *Tod-tykes, dogs half foxes, half common dogs... *Tod-tracks, the traces of the fox's feet in snow... *Tod-touzing, the Scottish method of hunting the fox, by shooting, bustling, guarding, halloaing, &c.
▪ II. tod, n.2|tɒd|
[Known in sense 1 from 15th c.; app. the same word as mod.EFris. (= LG. dial.) todde ‘bundle, pack, small load (of hay, straw, turf, etc.)’: see Doornkaat-Koolman; also in dial. (Groningen, Guelderland, Overyssel) tod load. With this cf. Sw. dial. todd ‘a conglomerated mass, esp. of wool’ (Biörkman). Answering in form also (though not very satisfactory in sense) is MHG., Ger. zotte ‘tuft of hair, matted or shaggy hair’, also ‘rag’, mod.Du. tod, todde ‘rag’. (The ON. toddi does not mean ‘tod of wool’ as erroneously stated in Vigf., but only ‘bit, piece’.
An original sense of ‘conglomerated mass’, passing on the one hand into ‘load’, and on the other into ‘bushy mass, bush’, would perhaps suit the various senses. Sense 1 may have come to England in connexion with the wool trade with the continent; sense 2, on the other hand, which is a century later, seems to approach the sense ‘tuft’ or ‘tufted mass’.]
I.
1. A weight used in the wool trade, usually 28 pounds or 2 stone, but varying locally.
1425in Kennett Par. Antiq. (1818) II. 250 De xxiii todde lanæ puræ..per le todde ix sol. vi den. 1467in Eng. Gilds (1870) 384 Custom for euery todd j d. 1542Recorde Gr. Artes (1575) 203 In woolle, 28 pounde is not called a quarterne, but a Todde. 1696Phil. Trans. XIX. 343 Three or four Fleeces usually making a Tod of Twenty eight Pound. 1776Adam Smith W.N. i. xi. (1869) I. 242 One-and-twenty shillings the tod may be reckoned a good price for very good English wool. 1833Wauldy Farm Rep. 115 in Libr. Usef. Knowl., Husb. III, The agreement is made by the tod, which the dealers have contrived to enlarge to 28½ lbs. 1888Daily News 23 July 2/7 The finest growths of home-grown produce..changing hands at from 23s to 25s per tod.
b. A load, either generally, or of a definite weight.
1530Palsgr. 281/2 Tode of chese. 1621Fletcher Pilgrim iii. iv, A hundred crowns for a good Tod of Hay. 17..Songs Costume (Percy Soc.) 248 There's the ladies of fashion you see..With a great tod of wool on each hip. a1722Lisle Husb. (1757) 311 [They] allow three tod and an half of hay to the wintering of one sheep. 1863W. Barnes Poems 3rd Coll. 73 Zoo all the lot o' stuff a-tied Upon the plow, a tidy tod. 1887Rogers Agric. & Prices V. 302 Prices of hay and straw... The cwt. and its subdivision, the tod, are the commonest of these exceptional measures. 1889Devon farmer (E.D.D. s.v. Tad), I've a-got a middlin' tad [load of hay] here, sure 'nough.
fig.1648Herrick Hesper., Conjuration to Electra, By those soft tods of wooll [clouds] With which the aire is full.
II.
2. A bushy mass (esp. of ivy; more fully ivy-tod, q.v.).
1553Becon Reliques of Rome (1563) 53 b, Our recluses haue grates of yron in their spelunckes and dennes, out of the which they looke, as owles out of an yuye todde. 1592Warner Alb. Eng. vii. xxxvii. (1612) 183 Your Ladiship, Dame Owle, Did call me to your Todd. a1619Fletcher Bonduca i. i, Men of Britain Like boading Owls, creep into tods of Ivie. 1626Bacon Sylva §588 Some [trees] are more in the forme of a Pyramis, and come almost to todd; As the Peare-Tree. 1709Brit. Apollo II. No. 73. 3/1 What Tod of Ivy hath so long conceal'd Thy Corps? 1908Outlook 4 Jan. 4/2 Ivy tods were covered with pollen in Christmas week and the smaller gorse is flowering freely.
III. 3. attrib. or Comb. † tod-wool, clean wool made up into tods.
1636Minute Bk. Exeter City Chamber 5 Apr. (MS.), The weighing and sale of all toddwooll, rudge-washt wooll, and fleecewooll, and unwashed wooll.
▪ III. tod, n.3 U.S. colloq.
Short for toddy.
1862T. Winthrop C. Dreeme xiv, Selleridge's was full of fire-company boys, taking their tods after a run. 1903J. Lumsden Toorlo, etc. 250, I spared nowther grub nor tod.
▪ IV. tod, n.4 slang.|tɒd|
[Short for Tod Sloan (occas. used in full), name of a U.S. jockey (1874–1933), used as rhyming slang for ‘own’ in the phr. on one's own.]
on one's tod: alone, on one's own. Cf. Pat Malone.
1934P. Allingham Cheapjack vi. 56 ‘Are you on your tod?’ I gathered that she was asking me if I was on my own. 1956L. Godfrey in Pick of Today's Short Stories 91, I was in a small ward, and one evening some clot turned on the bloomin' wireless, and then went out, leaving me on my tod. 1959J. Wain Travelling Woman 7 Frequent visits to town on your Tod Sloan—no need to account for your doings. Leave her to keep the home fires burning. 1966T. E. B. Clarke Wide Open Door xi. 156 I'm on me Tod 'cept for the baby. 1972J. Brown Chancer v. 64 That left Sonny and me on our tod in the public. 1981‘G. Gaunt’ Incomer xiii. 71 Maybe they don't want your company... Never seen you on your tod before.
▪ V. tod, v. dial. ? Obs.|tɒd|
[f. tod n.2]
intr. Of (so many) sheep or fleeces: To produce a tod of wool; to tod threes (etc.), to produce a tod from every three (etc.) sheep; hence, To obtain a tod of wool from a specified number of sheep. In quot. a 1797 trans. (? erron.) to yield (so much wool).
1611Shakes. Wint. T. iv. iii. 34 Let me see, euery eleuen [pr. Leauen-] weather toddes, euery tod yeeldes pound and odde shilling: fifteene hundred shorne, what comes the wooll too? a1797R. Farmer Note (L.), Dealers in wool say, twenty sheep ought to tod fifty pounds of wool. 1799A. Young Agric. Lincoln. 311 Then sheap 'll tod threes; that is, the fleeces of three of them will weigh a tod... Of what was called Lincoln sheep, he todded all threes. Ibid. 327 His flock tods on an average half threes, half fours. |