| 释义 |
▪ I. fluke, n.1|fluːk|
Forms: 1–2 floc, flooc, 5–6 floke, (5 flewke,) 6–9 flook(e, 6–7 flouk(e, (6 Sc. fluike), 8–9 fleuk, flowk, (8 dial. fleak, fluck, 9 dial. fluik), 4– fluke.
[OE. flóc str. (of uncertain gender), cognate with ON. flóke wk. masc.; related by ablaut to Ger. flach flat.]
1. A flat fish, esp. the common flounder, Pleuronectes Flesus.
a700Epinal Gloss. 802 Platisa, flooc. a1000ælfric Colloq. in Wr.-Wülcker 94 Fage and floc and lopystran and fela swylces. 14..Nom. ibid. 705 Hic pelanius, a flewke. 1478Botoner Itin. (Nasmith 1778) 291 Homines possunt piscare..de flokes. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §55 And thou cut the lyuer [of a rotten shepe] therin wylbe lytell quicknes lyke flokes. 1602Carew Cornwall 106 b, Wry-mouthed Flooke. 1744Preston in Phil. Trans. XLIII. 61/2 In the Sea they catch..Flukes, Trouts, &c. 1790Mrs. A. Wheeler Westmld. Dial. 28 I'll gie the a Fleak and a Pot-ful a Saur Milk. 1819Scott Antiq. xi, I'll bid you a shilling for the fluke and the cock-padle.
b. as a type of flatness.
a1400Morte Arth. 1088 Flatt mowthede as a fluke. a1605Montgomerie Flyting w. Polwart 111 I's fell thee like a fluike, flatlings on the flure. 1804R. Anderson Cumberld. Ball. 106 Her feet flat and braid, as big fluiks.
c. slang. = flat n.3 13.
1804Sporting Mag. XXIII. 201 The unguarded flukes, whom they can inveigle to play.
2. A parasitic trematoid worm, of several species, found esp. in the livers of sheep, so called from its resemblance to a fluke or flounder.
[Cf. quot. 1523 in sense 1].1668Wilkins Real Char. ii. v. §2. 123 Insects..whose shape doth somewhat resemble a Flounder, found..in..the liver of several of the Ruminant kind..Fluke. 1755Nicholls in Phil. Trans. XLIX. 247 A small flat worm, resembling a sole..is found in the gall-duct, by the butchers term'd flooks. 1845Budd Dis. Liver 399 Fourteen flukes were found..in the duodenum of a Lascar. 1884in Chamb. Jrnl. 3 May 278/2.
3. A variety of kidney potato, perh. so called from its shape.
1868N. & Q. Ser. iv. I. 100. 1874 E. H. Ruddock Text-bk. Mod. Med. (1893) 38 The best sorts [of potatoes] are..the Forty-fold, and the Fluke. 1884in Chesh. Gloss.
4. attrib. and Comb.
a. simple attrib. (sense 2), as fluke-disease, fluke-worm;
b. instrumental (sense 2), as fluke-infested adj.;
c. similative (sense 1), as fluke-mouthed adj. Also fluke-rake, a rake with triangular prongs used for taking flukes; fluke-wort (see quot. 1861).
1884Chamb. Jrnl. 3 May 278/1 This disease—Liver-fluke, *Fluke Disease, Liver-rot, as it is variously termed.
Ibid. 278/2 The bodies of *fluke-infested sheep.
a1400Morte Arth. 2780 Thow wenes for to flay us, *ffloke-mouthed schrewe.
1766Brookes Art Angling 85 In the hot Months, there are great Quantities caught with the *Fluke-Rake.
1794–6E. Darwin Zoon. (1801) IV. 250 When the *fleuk-worm is preying on the substance of their livers. 1802Bingley Anim. Biog. (1813) III. 395 Fluke-worms are oftentimes very numerous in the viscera of quadrupeds.
1597Gerarde Herbal. ii. cxliii. §3. 424 In Northfolke it [Water Pennywoort] is called *Flowkwoort. 1861Mrs. Lankester Wild Flowers 61 Marsh Pennywort..is also known as..Fluke-wort, and Sheep's bane. These..names it has obtained on account of its being supposed to produce the rot..in animals that feed upon it.
▪ II. fluke, n.2|fluːk|
Forms: 6–8 flook(e, 6 Sc. fluik, 7 flouke, (flouck), 8– fluke.
[of uncertain origin; possibly a transferred use of fluke n.1, from resemblance of shape; cf. the inadmissible suggestion in the following quot.
1886R. C. Leslie Sea-painter's Log x. 200 The name ‘fluke’ or ‘flowk’ well expresses the shape of the flounder, which is that of the fluke of an old-fashioned anchor.
See also flue n.3 2.]
1. One of ‘the broad triangular plates of iron on each arm of the anchor, inside the bills or extreme points, which, having entered the ground, hold the ship’ (Admiral Smyth).
1561Eden Arte Nauig. A iij b, The Thirreni founde the vse of the anker of one graspe or flooke. 1600Holland Livy xxxvii. xxx. 962 Her owne anker, which by one of the floukes tooke fast hold. 1743Bulkeley & Cummins Voy. S. Seas 115 All Hands haul'd..which weigh'd the Grapenel, but streighten'd one of the Flukes. 1864Tennyson En. Ard. 18 Among the waste and lumber of the shore..Anchors of rusty fluke.
b. The barbed head of a lance, arrow, etc. Cf. fluked 1629. Also U.S. ‘one of the barbs of a harpoon or toggle-iron; a flue’ (Cent. Dict.).
a1605Montgomerie Misc. Poems xxviii. 58 And eviry shaft..To haif als mony heeds, And evirie head als mony huikis, And evirie huik als mony fluiks. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage v. xvii. (1614) 544 A great launce couered with gold and the fluke set with stones. 1841Catlin N. Amer. Ind. (1844) I. v. 33 The one [arrow] with long flukes or barbs.
c. A name for various instruments resembling the prec. in shape: see quots.
1841Hartshorne Salop. Ant. Gloss., Fluke, a lancet used for letting blood from horses. 1849Weale Dict. Terms, Fluke, in mining, the head of a charger; an instrument used for cleansing the hole previous to blasting. 1878Cumbld. Gloss. Supp., Fleukk, the web of the plough sock.
2. pl. ‘The two parts which constitute the large triangular tail of the whale’ (Adm. Smyth). to turn or peak the flukes: of a whale, to go under (see quot. 1839); hence transf. (Naut. slang) to go to bed, ‘turn in’.
1725Dudley in Phil. Trans. XXXIII. 256 While young, and carried by the Dam on the Flukes of their Tails. 1839T. Beale Nat. Hist. Sperm Whale 44 The flukes are then lifted high into the air, and the animal..descends perpendicularly..this act..is called by whalers ‘peaking the flukes’. 1851H. Melville Whale iii. 21 It's getting dreadful late, you had better be turning flukes..it's a nice bed. 1860Hartwig Sea & Wond. vi. 79 The tail-fin, or ‘flukes’.
3. attrib. and Comb., as (light) fluke plough; fluke-chain, -rope, a chain or rope which is passed round the flukes of a whale to secure it when caught.
1851H. Melville Whale lxxxii. 399 The whale..was secured there by the stiffest *fluke-chains.
1775G. Washington Writ. (1889) II. 461 Get 2 light *fluke Plows.
Hence fluked a.1, having flukes.
1629Z. Boyd Last Battell I. 14 Death..with its sting, like a flooked Dart, for to pierce thorow the heart of men. 1831J. Holland Manuf. Metal I. 96 Three or four fluked anchors are to be constructed.
▪ III. fluke, n.3 colloq.|fluːk|
[of unknown etymology. Possibly of Eng. dialectal origin; cf. ‘fluke, a guess’ (Whitby Gloss. 1876).]
In Billiard-playing, A successful stroke made by accident or chance. Hence gen. a lucky stroke, an unexpected success; a piece of good luck, esp. in phrase by a fluke. Also attrib. a fluke of wind: a chance breeze.
1857N. & Q. Ser. ii. IV. 208/1 In playing at billiards..Another term is, ‘He made a flook (or fluke)’. 1861H. Kingsley Ravenshoe v, That was rather a fluke, was it not? 1868Yates Rock Ahead i. vi, The most unexpected fluke at trente et quarante. 1882Bain J. S. Mill 194 The transfer of power has gone on..by flukes and leaps in the dark. 1889H. F. Wood Englishman Rue Caïn x, Whose run⁓away horse he had stopped..by the merest fluke. 1906‘Q’ Mayor of Troy x. 139 The mass huddled together, rubbing flanks, swaying this way and that in the pressure of panic as corn is swayed by flukes of summer wind. 1909Daily Chron. 12 Oct. 8/1 It was no fluke victory. 1955Times 3 Aug. 4/5 Because of the calms and flukes of wind yesterday numbers of vessels retired from their respective events.
Hence ˈflukeless a., without a fluke.
1895Westm. Gaz. 5 Jan. 7/2 It was a faultless, flukeless performance on a standard table.
▪ IV. fluke, n.4 dial.|fluːk|
[app. a. ON. flóke of same meaning: see flock n.2]
(See quots.)
16..T. More in Ray's N.C. Words (E.D.S.) note s.v. Flukes, locks of hair. Salop. 1847Halliwell, Fluke, waste cotton. Lanc.
▪ V. fluke, v.1|fluːk|
[f. fluke n.2]
1. intr. Of a whale: To use the flukes, to ‘peak the flukes’: see fluke n.2 2.
1840F. D. Bennett Whaling Voy. 6 note, There she blow-o-s! Th-e-r-e again! Flukes! 1892R. Kipling Barrack-room Ballads 206 Where the scared whale flukes in flame!
b. transf. in phrase (to go) fluking or all (-a-) fluking (see quot. 1867).
1840R. H. Dana Bef. Mast xxviii, We arrived on the following day, having gone ‘all fluking’. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. s.v. Flukes, From the power of these [flukes of a whale] the phrase obtained among whalers of fluking or all-a-fluking, when running with a fresh free wind.
2. trans. In Whaling.
a. To disable the flukes of (a whale) by spading.
b. To fasten (a whale) by means of a chain or rope. (Cent. Dict.)
▪ VI. fluke, v.2|fluːk|
Also flook.
[f. fluke n.3]
1. trans. Billiard-playing: To hit or pocket (a ball) by a fluke; to make (a stroke) by a fluke.
1881Times 14 Jan. 8/2 Bennett..tried for a cannon, but fluked the white, and..ran out the winner by 90 points. 1888Sportsm. 20 Dec. 4/4 Fortune once more assisted Mitchell, who, in trying to make a red loser, fluked a cannon.
2. transf. To get (in) or obtain by a fluke. Also intr.
1885Pall Mall G. 18 June 2 On the chance of crowding or fluking in one [picture] he will send the whole eight. 1889Ibid. 2 May 7/3 It is very questionable whether the artist is really any better off for fluking {pstlg}500 or {pstlg}1000 now and again for a picture which is worth {pstlg}50. 1892Ibid. 25 Aug. 1/3 He wanted to fluke a last success. 1897N. Gould Seeing him Through xiii, Even if he managed to fluke home in this trial. 1904Daily Chron. 5 May 7/2 Even if Mr. P. F. Warner's XI. were fluked out of the game. 1929Star 21 Aug. 16/2 Marvellous handicap horses that may fluke the City and Suburban.
Hence ˈfluking vbl. n., ˈfluking ppl. a., characterized by a fluke or flukes. ˈflukist, one who succeeds rather by chance than by skill.
1865Daily Tel. 21 Aug. 4 The sensation which was created last year by the Miner's fluking victory over Blair Athol. 1881Society 23 July 24/1 Time..will show whether Mr. Beck is a lucky flukist or a really good shot. 1882M. E. Braddon Mt. Royal III. viii. 155 She would play that fluking game which she most affected at billiards. 1893G. D. Leslie Lett. Marco xxi. 142 There is a lot of fluking in the art..when we once begin to try and make a good picture it is all up with it. |