| 释义 |
▪ I. fodder, n.|ˈfɒdə(r)|
Forms: 1 fód(d)or, fód(d)er, fóddur, 2 fodre, 3 south. vodder, 4 foddre, 4–7 foder, 5 foddur, south. voddur, fo(o)dyr, 6 footer, 6–8 fother, 3– fodder.
[OE. fódor str. neut. = MDu. and Du. voeder, OHG. fuotar (MHG. vuoter, Ger. futter), ON. fóðr (Sw., Da. foder):—OTeut. *fôðrom:—pre-Teut. *pāt-ró-m, f. root pā̆t- to feed: see food.
The homophonous word in all Teut. langs., with the sense of ‘sheath, case,’ is distinct both in root and suffix, as it represents OAryan *pō-tróm.]
†1. Food in general. Obs.
c1000Canons Edgar §15 in Thorpe Anc. Laws II. 283 Gif..þam þe þæs beþurfe..fyr & foddor. c1205Lay. 27031 Heo weoren ifaren into þan londe, fodder to biwinnen. c1374Chaucer Boeth. iv. metr. vii. 115 (Camb. MS.) He..hath put an vnmeke lorde foddre to his crwel hors. 1634J. Taylor (Water P.) Gt. Eater Kent 12 Let any come in the shape of fodder or eating-stuffe, it is welcome.
2. Food for cattle. Now in a more restricted sense: Dried food, as hay, straw, etc., for stall-feeding.
c1000ælfric Gen. xlii. 27 Þa undyde hira an his sacc & wolde syllan his assan foddur. c1100Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 501 Sagina, fodre. a1225Ancr. R. 416 Þeonne mot heo þenchen of þe kues foddre. a1300Cursor M. 3317 (Cott.) Fodder and hai þou sal find bun. c1386Chaucer Reeve's Prol. 14 Gras-tyme is doon, my fodder is now forage. c1440Promp. Parv. 168/2 Foddur, bestys mete, or forage. 1562Turner Herbal ii. 74 Som nationes make fother for Cattel of Dates. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 331 The youthful Bull must..in the Stall..his Fodder find. 1765T. Hutchinson Hist. Mass. I. 207 The hay..serves for fodder for their cattle. 1816J. Smith Panorama Sc. & Art II. 634 Bean-straw makes good fodder, when cut to chaff. 1883S. C. Hall Retrospect II. 323 There was fodder running to waste on the slopes of every mountain.
transf.1890A. J. Wauters Stanley's Emin Pasha Exped. ix. 167 For fodder all they [locomotives] want is wood.
†3. Child, offspring. Obs. rare—1. Cf. food n. 6.
13..K. Alis. 645 Kyng Phelip saide to the modur, ‘Thou hast born a sori foder!’
4. attrib. and Comb., as fodder-crop, fodder-cutter, fodder grass, fodder house, fodder passage, fodder plant, fodder-rack, fodder-stack; fodder-cheese (see quot. 1884); fodder-corn, a supply of fodder for the horses of a feudal lord, or an equivalent in money; also the right of exacting this; also U.S., maize used as fodder.
1784Twamley Dairying 25 As the quantity of..*Fodder Cheese sent to London Markets clearly shews. 1884Chesh. Gloss., Fodder cheese, cheese made..when they [cows] are being foddered on hay.
1655Dugdale Monast. Angl. i. 297 a, Redditus qui dicuntur Hidagium & *Foddercorn. 1856in D.A. s.v., Hauled up two loads wood & 1 of fodder corn. 1947Reader's Digest Jan. 59/2 Barns and stable-loft bulging with hay, grain and fodder corn.
1850Rep. U.S. Comm. Patents 1849: Agric. 158 It is..a *fodder-crop and an improver of the land.
1867Rep. Mass. Board Agric. I. 297 Hay and *fodder cutters have become quite indispensable.
1830Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 304 The best *fodder-Grasses of Europe are usually dwarf species.
1807P. Gass Jrnl. 209 This lodge is built much after the form of the Virginia *fodder houses.
1882Ogilvie, *Fodder passage, the passage in a cattle-shed along which the food is carried for cattle.
1848Rep. U.S. Comm. Patents 1847 229 The perfection which has been obtained in the root culture and of the *fodder-plants. 1894Daily News 25 June 6/6 A new *fodder plant, known as the Siberian knot-grass.
1902Daily Chron. 9 Sept. 3/1 When he [sc. a horse] happens to be confronted with an overhead *fodder-rack..he raises his head to snatch a mouthful and then lowers it to the pendent position. 1961Countryman LVIII. 464, I doubt if a single Corsican flock knows the luxury of fodder-racks for the night.
a1738W. Byrd Hist. Dividing Line (1929) 305 When it rain'd, or was colder than Ordinary, the whole Family took refuge in a *Fodder Stack (not far from their roofless house). 1835A. B. Longstreet Georgia Scenes (1871) 24 He commanded all the corn-cribs and fodder-stacks in Georgia. 1890Century Mag. Dec. 284 The fodder stacks..might conceal dozens of guerrillas.
▪ II. fodder, v.|ˈfɒdə(r)|
Forms: 3 foþer, 4 foddre, 5–6 foder, 7–8 fother, 6– fodder.
[f. prec. n.; cf. MDu. and Du. voederen, OHG. fuotiren (MHG. vuotern, vüetern, Ger. füttern), ON. fóðra.]
trans. To give fodder to (cattle); to feed with (something) as fodder. † In early use gen. To feed.
a1300E.E. Psalter xxx[i]. 3 For þi name me lede and foþer [printed froþer: Vulg. enutries] þou sal. 1382[see foddered ppl. a.]. c1460Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 89 Let us go foder our mompyns. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §70 Horses and shepe, maye not be fodered together in wynter. 1641Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 73 Yow are neaver to..fother sheepe soe longe as they can gette any thing on the grownde. 1707Mortimer Husb. 172 Straw will do well enough to Fodder them with. 1773Barker in Phil. Trans. LXIII. 222 There was so little grass..that many were forced to fodder their cattle. 1832Miss Mitford Village Ser. v. (1863) 328 A lad..had gone thither for hay to fodder his cattle. 1876Whitby Gloss. s.v. Fodder, ‘Fodder'd up’, fed and bedded, as the stalled animals.
transf. and fig.1659H. More Immort. Soul iii. xviii. §12 This notion of foddering the Stars with the thick foggs of the Earth. 1742Young Nt. Th. vii. 42 This foreign field, Where nature fodders him [man] with other food. 1891Daily News 26 Jan. 6/3 They..fodder their souls on all kinds of stale and withered doctrinal herbage.
†b. To give cattle fodder upon (ground). Also to fodder on (ground), in indirect passive. Obs.
1655[see foddering 1]. 1664Evelyn Kal. Hort. May 56 A place that has been well fother'd on. 1693[see foddered ppl. a.].
Hence ˈfoddered ppl. a.
1382Wyclif 1 Sam. xxviii. 24 A foddred [1388 fat] calf. 1692Dryden Cleomenes iii. ii, Accursed be thou, grass-eating foddered god! 1693Evelyn De la Quint. Compl. Gard. Gloss., Fotherd Grounds, ground upon which Cattel are fed in Winter, with Hay, &c., to better it. 1713Young Last Day ii. 256 The fodder'd beast. 1864Ret. Agric. Soc. Maine 52 It will require the attraction of provender..to bring them [sc. sheep] back to their foddered rack.
▪ III. fodder
obs. form of fother. |