| 释义 |
transposition|trɑːnspəˈzɪʃən, træns-|
[prob. a. F. transposition (c 1560 in Paré), or ad. med.L. transpositiōn-em (Du Cange), n. of action from L. transpōnĕre (f. trans- + pōnĕre to place); but, like other nouns in -position, associated in F. and Eng. with transposer, transpose v., etc.]
The action of transposing, or condition of being transposed; the result of this.
1. a. gen. Removal from one position to another; transference.
1538Elyot, Transcribere, the transposition of a possession from one to an other. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. i. vii. 19 Well may masters consider how easie a transposition it had been for God, to have made him to mount into the saddle that holds the stirrop. 1678Cudworth Intell. Syst. i. i. §33. 42 This was the Doctrine of Pythagoras.., that no Real Entity perishes in Corruptions, nor is produced in Generations, but only new Modifications and Transpositions made. 1827Carlyle Misc., Germ. Lit. (1857) I. 30 A transposition of the critic into the author's point of vision.
†b. Translation into another language. Obs.
1653Ld. Vaux tr. Godeau's St. Paul A ij, To publish this elaborate transposition of your Lordships out of French into English.
2. a. Alteration of order, or interchange of position, esp. of letters in a word, or words in a sentence; metathesis; the result of such action; a word or sentence transposed.
1582T. Watson Centurie of Loue lxxx, By tables of transilition to decypher any thing that is written by secret transposition of letters. 1630J. Taylor (Water P.) Life & Death Virg. Mary Wks. 22/1 For in an Anagram Iskariott is, By letters transposition, Traitor kis. 1675Baxter Cath. Theol. ii. i. 248 Beza..thinks that a transposition of two Verses hath darkened these Texts. 1727H. Herbert tr. Fleury's Eccl. Hist. I. 62 There are so many..hyperbatons and transpositions, which render his stile difficult. 1818Scott Br. Lamm. xxxiv, The mysterious transposition of the portraits. 1861Paley æschylus (ed. 2) Choeph. 219 note, By the accidental transposition of the verses. 1965J. J. Rotman Theory of Groups iii. 35 Of all the permutations, surely the transposition, which merely interchanges two points, is the simplest. 1972A. G. Howson Handbk. Terms Algebra & Anal. x. 51 Any permutation can be expressed as a product of transpositions. 1981Sci. Amer. Mar. 19/2 If you are willing to let cycles share members, however, any cycle can be further broken up into 2-cycles (called transpositions, or sometimes swaps).
b. Math. The interchange of each row of a matrix with the corresponding column.
1858A. Cayley in Phil. Trans. R. Soc. CXLVIII. 31 Two matrices such as {vb} a, b / c, d {vb}, {vb} a, c / b, d {vb}, are said to be formed one from the other by transposition. 1955Geophysics XX. 300 The transposition of the ξ12′ matrix was necessary to reveal the trend in the u..direction.
3. Mus.
a. Alteration of key; the performance of a piece in a different key from that in which it is written, or the writing of a piece in a different key from the original; also transf. a transposed piece.
†b. Inversion of parts in counterpoint (obs.).
1609Douland Ornith. Microl. 26 Transposition is the remouing of a Song or a Key from his proper place. 1740(title) Calliope, or English Harmony: a Collection of..English and Scots Songs,..with the Thorough Bass and Transpositions for the Flute. 1889F. Taylor in Grove Dict. Mus. IV. 161/1 In transposition it often happens that a natural has to be represented by a sharp or flat, and vice versa.
4. Algebra. Transference of a quantity from one side of an equation (or one member of a proportion) to the other.
1664Power Exp. Philos. ii. 130 Here is now four Proportionals, and by any three given, you may strike out [? = hit upon] the fourth, by Conversion, Transposition, and Division of them. 1674S. Jeake Arith. (1696) 622 In Transposition of the next Equation..the Signs are accordingly changed. c1865Circ. Sc. I. 456/2 If known and unknown quantities are linked together, separate them by transposition.
5. Anat. Abnormal position of the organs of the body, e.g. the heart being on the right side; heterotaxy.
1857Dunglison Med. Lex., Transposition of the Viscera..consists in the viscera being found out of the situations they ordinarily occupy. 1904Brit. Med. Jrnl. 17 Dec. 1643 Heterotaxy, or transposition, the teratogenesis of which is still obscure.
6. Electr. An alteration of the relative positions of power lines or telephone lines at intervals along their length, in order to minimize effects of mutual inductance and capacitance.
1911A. B. Smith Mod. Amer. Telephony xxii. 616 Transpositions are unnecessary when there is but one circuit on a pole line. 1959K. Henney Radio Engin. Handbk. (ed. 5) xxviii. 26 In the case of pairs used for high frequencies, the locations of the transpositions must be quite precise. 1975R. L. Freeman Telecommunication Transmission Handbk. iv. 164 The dipole type of LP antenna is fed by a balanced transmission line with 180° transpositions at alternate dipole elements.
7. Genetics. The transfer of a chromosomal segment to a new position on the same or another chromosome.
1924Hereditas V. 174 In his case of transposition (or translocation) a piece of one of the second chromosomes has been fastened to one of the third chromosomes. 1954B. P. Kaufmann in A. Hollaender Radiation Biol. I. ii. ix. 650 The viable types of intrachromosomal rearrangement include inversions and transpositions. 1978Nature 20 July 211/3 The subsequent transposition of tetracycline resistance from this engineered plasmid must therefore be due to the transposition of the toxin gene.
Hence transpoˈsitional a. (rare—1), of, pertaining to, or involving transposition.
a1800S. Pegge Anecd. Eng. Lang. (1814) 77 The most striking..error in pronunciation among the Londoners..lies in the transpositional use of the letters W and V... Thus they always say Weal, instead of veal..Vicked, for wicked. |