| 释义 |
Carnot Physics.|ˈkɑːnəʊ|
The name of N. L. S. Carnot (1796–1832), French physicist, used attrib. and in the possessive to designate thermodynamic concepts devised by him or arising out of his work, as Carnot('s) cycle, the cycle of an ideal heat engine in which a substance is successively and reversibly expanded at constant temperature, expanded adiabatically, compressed at constant temperature, and compressed adiabatically to its initial temperature and volume; Carnot('s) principle or theorem, the principle that all heat engines operating reversibly between the same temperatures have the same efficiency, which is greater than the efficiency achievable by irreversible operation between the same temperatures.
1849W. Thomson in Trans. R. Soc. Edin. XVI. 541 (heading) An account of Carnot's theory of the motive power of heat. Ibid. 544 So generally is Carnot's principle tacitly admitted as an axiom, that its application in this case has never..been questioned. 1887Encycl. Brit. XXII. 481/2 This is the fraction of the whole heat given to it which an engine following Carnot's cycle converts into work. 1930Engineering 4 July 25/1 Later, the reheat cycle had been exploited, also combination cycles of various kinds, many of which approach the Carnot cycle in efficiency. 1937[see Kelvin, kelvin 3]. 1956Nature 21 Jan. 111/2 Solar radiation may be converted to electricity by thermo-couples in which heat is an intermediate form of energy and which, therefore, are subject to the toll of the Carnot efficiency. 1977I. M. Campbell Energy & Atmosphere vi. 149 The maximum theoretical thermodynamic efficiency of a water/steam working cycle is achieved in the Carnot cycle. 1984D. C. Giancoli Gen. Physics xxi. 411 Carnot's theorem can be shown to follow from..the second law of thermodynamics. |