| 释义 |
from, prep. (adv., conj.)|frɒm|
Forms: 1–6 fram, 3–4 south. vram, vrom, 4 fromme, 5 frome, 1– from.
[OE. fram, frǫm, = OS. fram, OHG. fram (MHG. vram), Goth. fram, ON. frá (see fro). The primary sense is ‘forward’; cf. ON. fram(m (Sw. fram, Da. frem):—*framz = Goth. framis (comparative) ‘forward’, adv.; cf. also the adj. OE. fram, from, ON. fram-r forward, valiant; further cognates are cited under forme, frame. From the sense ‘forward’ were developed those of ‘onward’, ‘on the way’, ‘away’, whence the transition to the prepositional use is easy.]
A. prep.
1. Denoting departure or moving away: governing a n. which indicates a point of departure or place whence motion takes place. Also with advbs. prefixed (e.g. away, down, out).
O.E. Chron. an. 874 Her for se here from Lindesse to Hreopedune. c1175Lamb. Hom. 79 A mon lihte from ierusalem in to ierico. 1297R. Glouc. (1724) 325 Harde⁓knout hys broþer þo þen wey sone nome Fram Denemarch in to Engelond. c1320Sir Tristr. 349 Out of hauen þai rade..Fram þe brimes brade Gun flete. c1386Chaucer Prol. 128 She leet no morsel from hir lippes falle. 1563W. Fulke Meteors (1640) 4 Lifteth them up very high from the earth into the aire. 1611Bible Gen. iv. 16 And Cain went out from the presence of the Lord. 1660Barrow Euclid iii. Prop. xxviii, From the centers G, H draw GA, GC, and HD, HF. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. iv, I came down from my apartment in the tree. 1762Goldsm. Cit. W. xiii, I am just returned from Westminster Abbey. 1811L. M. Hawkins C'tess & Gertr. IV. lxxxv. 328, I should chuse to have her buried from her own house. 1838Arnold Hist. Rome (1845) I. xi. 200 He..leapt down from his seat. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 399 During the voyage of the sacred ship to and from Delos.
b. from..to, used with repeated n. to denote succession, change of place. Similarly in proverb. phr. from post to pillar, and the like.
1530Palsgr. 818/2 From towne to towne, de ville en ville. 1563W. Fulke Meteors (1640) 24 When the Exhalation is driven from side to side of that cloud. 1583Golding Calvin on Deut. c. 615 Certaine others of the faithfull whome God tossed from post to piller. 1583Stubbes Anat. Abus. ii. (1882) 27 To beg their breade from doore to doore. 1631Weever Anc. Fun. Mon. 262 How often the body of Saint Augustine was tost from porch to pillar. 1821Keats Lamia 27 From vale to vale, from wood to wood, he flew. 1849Sir J. Stephen Eccl. Biog. I. 215 Xavier's name was repeated from mouth to mouth with cries of vengeance.
2. Indicating the starting-point or the first considered of two boundaries adopted in defining a given extent in space.
971Blickl. Hom. 5 Ac se ᵹeleafa sceal beon fram eorþan up to heofonum areaht. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 179 Þe sæ is biter, swo is ec þis woreld fram ende to oðer. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 2 Techinge þe anotomie of alle lymes from þe heed to þe foot. 1535Coverdale 2 Sam. xxiv. 15 So that there dyed of the people from Dan vnto Berseba, thre score and ten thousande men. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. i. 3 Full many Countreyes they did overronne, From the uprising to the setting Sunne. 1727Gay Fables, Barley-Mow & Dunghill 2 How many saucy airs we meet, From Temple-bar to Aldgate-street! 1806–7J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (1826) vi. Miseries Stage Coaches iv, The whole machine..groaning under its cargo from the box to the basket. 1845M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 16 Neustria..extended from the Meuse almost to the present southern limits of France. 1884Illustr. Lond. News 20 Dec. 603/1 From title to colophon all is sound and whole.
b. Indicating the starting-point in a series or statement of limits.
Expressions like ‘from four to ten’ are treated grammatically as simple numerals, and may qualify the subject of a sentence, or the obj. of a vb. or prep.
c1000ælfric Gen. vi. 7 Ic adiliᵹe þone mannan..fram þære eorðan ansine fram þam men oð þa nytenu, fram þam slincendum oð þa fuᵹelas. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 25 b, From y⊇ begynnynge to y⊇ ende. 1662Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. i. vi. §3 The Sicyonian Kingdom..from which Varro began his history. 1699W. Dampier Voy. II. i. 75 They are rowed with from 16 or 20 to 24 Oars. 1789G. White Selborne (1813) I. xviii. 286 The swallow lays from four to six white eggs. 1866Crump Banking ix. 207 Many bankers are always below their authorised issues by from 25 to 20 per cent. 1872Ellacombe Ch. Bells Devon ix. 269 The whole alphabet..is not unfrequently met with as an inscription, from the fourteenth, or fifteenth, to the seventeenth century.
3. Indicating a starting-point in time, or the beginning of a period. (The date from which one reckons may be either inclusive or exclusive). Also in idiomatic phrases like from a child = from (his) childhood (cf. Gr. ἐκ παιδός, ἐκ παίδων).
c1050Byrhtferth's Handboc in Anglia (1885) VIII. 300 Fram easter tide þæt he eft cume. 1340Ayenb. 12 Alle þon þet uram þe ginningge of þe wordle storue in zoþ & guode byleaue. c1386Chaucer Prol. 324 In termes hadde he caas and domes alle, That from the tyme of king William were falle. 1535Coverdale Neh. xiii. 21 From that tyme forth came they nomore on the Sabbath. 1579Fulke Confut. Sanders 593 Images were vsed from the Apostles, and Christ him selfe. 1611Bible 2 Tim. iii. 15 From a childe thou hast knowen the holy Scriptures. a1616Beaum. & Fl. Thierry & Theod. v. i, We are thieves from our cradles, and will die so. 1748Smollett Rod. Rand. (1792) II. 275 Here I absconded from five o'clock in the morning to six in the evening. 1795Gentl. Mag. 545/1 The scenes to which we have been accustomed from our infancy. 1816Keatinge Trav. (1817) I. 99 An unaltered smile, and an inflexible seat, were preserved from first to last. 1836W. Irving Astoria III. 257 A succession of adverse circumstances..beset it almost from the outset. 1844Regul. & Ord. Army 3 Officers..are to take Rank and Precedence from their Commissions as Colonels in the Army, not from the dates of their Appointments as Brigadiers. 1848C. Brontë J. Eyre xxxvi, I knew him from a boy. 1885Law Rep. 10 Appeal Cases 379 The gate was erected in 1846, and the public were effectually excluded from that year.
b. from..to, used with repeated n. to denote succession or recurrence at regular intervals.
c1325Lai le Freine 229 This Frein thriued fram yer to yer. 1530Palsgr. 808/2 From hour to hour, de heure en heure. 1600Shakes. A.Y.L. ii. vii. 26 And so from houre to houre, we ripe, and ripe. 1621Bolton Stat. Irel. 37 (an. 5 Edw. IV) On paine of two pence a man from moneth to other. 1675tr. Machiavelli's Prince (1883) 285 Having received a new policy from three months to three months. 1711Addison Spect. No. 63 ⁋1 The Thoughts will be rising of themselves from time to time. 1790Cowper Stanzas for 1790, He who sits from day to day Where the prisoned lark is hung. 1895A. F. Warr in Law Times XCIX. 547/1 The..examination is in special books set from time to time.
4. Indicating a place or object which is left at a distance or left behind by an object which withdraws or goes away. Formerly also with ellipsis of verb.
O.E. Chron. an. 755 Ond him cyþdon þæt hiera mæᵹas him mid wæron, þa þe him from noldon. 971Blickl. Hom. 47 Þonne flyhþ þæt deofol fram us. c1290Beket 340 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 116 Sire henri, þe kingus sone..bi-lefde euere in is warde, fram him nolde he nouȝt. c1340Cursor M. 20308 (Br. Mus. Add. MS.) Hit rewiþ me, that I schal—Iohan—parte fram þee. 1579Spenser Sheph. Cal. Aug. 107 Yet should thilke lasse not from my thought. 1593Shakes. 3 Hen. VI, v. iv. 21 We will not from the Helme, to sit and weepe. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 49 And, spurring from the Fight, confess their Fear. 1709Swift & Addison Tatler No. 32 ⁋2 She shrinks from the Touch like a Sensitive Plant. 1838Thirlwall Greece II. 304 He withdrew from the council unobserved. 1843Fraser's Mag. XXVIII. 714, I recoiled from the murderous instrument.
b. Indicating a place or object which is left on one side by an object which deflects or turns away. † Rarely used simply = ‘averted from’.
1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. xxx. §1 Whether it be a thing allowable or no that the minister should..turn his face at any time from the people. a1616Beaum. & Fl. Knt. of Malta i. i, Why speak'st thou from me? 1732Berkeley Alciphr. vii. §2 Mankind are generally averse from thinking. 1812–16J. Smith Panorama Sc. & Art I. 422 The ray being bent towards the perpendicular on entering another medium of greater density, and from the perpendicular, on entering a medium of less density.
5. Denoting (statically) distance, absence, remoteness:
a. after words indicative of the extent of distance, also after away, absent, apart, etc.
O.E. Chron. an. 893 Hi tuᵹon up hiora scipu oþ þone weald .iiii., iv mila fram þæm muþan ute weardum. 971Blickl. Hom. 43 Sæᵹde..þæt he ᵹesawe naht feor from þæs mæsse⁓preostes sidan..oþerne ealdne man. 1340Ayenb. 270 Lyȝt ne is naȝt awaye: ac ye byeþ awaye uram lyȝte. 1506Sir R. Guylforde Pilgr. (Camden) 47 Sydon is but right lytell from the citye of Tyre. 1588J. Udall Demonstr. Discipl. (Arb.) 26 How can he feed them from whom he is absent. Ibid. 27 If the priests might not dwell farre from the temple. 1653Holcroft Procopius' Gothick Wars iv. 124 The Ocean being far distant from these mountains. 1766Goldsm. Vic. W. xxv, We were now got from my late dwelling about two miles. 1820Keats St. Agnes xvi, Alone with her good angels, far apart From wicked men like thee. 1838Arnold Hist. Rome (1845) I. xii. 211 Veii lay about ten miles from Rome. 1847–9Helps Friends in C. Ser. i. (1851) I. 179, I am far from saying that merit is sufficiently looked out for.
b. used simply = away from, apart from, absent from, etc. Now only in from home. (Cf. 8 b.)
c1340Cursor M. 10413 (Fairf.) When he hym held from home. c1374Chaucer Troylus iv. 738 (766) What is Criseyde worth, from Troilus? 1562J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 206, I dwell from the citee in subbarbes. 1571in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 339 Noe freman of the Cytie..shall grynde from the said milles any kynd of grayne. 1584R. Scot Discov. Witchcr. xv. x. (1886) 341 Go to a faire parlor or chamber..and from people nine daies. 1607Tourneur Rev. Trag. ii. ii. Wks. 1878 II. 64 'Tis now good policie to be from sight. 1738Johnson London 225 Sign your will, before you sup from home. 1761F. Sheridan Sidney Bidulph I. 318 Whatever your designs may be, it will be less to my dishonour, if you prosecute them from under your husband's roof. Ibid. II. 118 Mrs. Arnold was from under her husband's protection. 1796Moser Hermit of Caucasus I. 238 He was continually from home, running from one house to another. 1802E. Parsons Myst. Visit IV. 203 Georgina she could not bear a moment from her sight.
6. Denoting removal, abstraction, separation, expulsion, exclusion, or the like:
a. Governing a n. or pron. expressing a concrete object.
971Blickl. Hom. 67 Maria hire ᵹeceas þone betstan dæl, se ne bið næfre fram hire afyrred. c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxv. 32 Swa swa se hyrde asyndraþ ða scep fram tyccenum. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xiii. 446 For to saue thi soule fram Sathan thin enemy. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. i. xviii. 21 Which gave occasion unto a brother of his to take away his life from him. 1590C. S. Right Relig. 26 From the determination of a counsell there can be no appellation. 1610Shakes. Temp. Epil. 9 But release me from my bands. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 513 Some bending Valley..Clos'd from the Sun, but open to the Wind. 1807Crabbe Par. Reg. i. 194 There hungry dogs from hungry children steal. 1821Keats Isabella xvii, Paled in and vine⁓yarded from beggar-spies. 1841Elphinstone Hist. Ind. I. 439 The narrow tract..separated from Mékrán..by the range of hills which form Cape Arboo. 1891Law Times XCII. 18/2 Will there be an appeal to the Court of Appeal from a refusal to certify?
b. Denoting privation, separation, abstention, freedom, deliverance, etc. (from a state, condition, action, etc.).
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. vi. 13 Ah ᵹefriᵹ usich from yfle. 971Blickl. Hom. 25 Men..nellaþ ablinnan from heora unrihtum ᵹestreonum. 1340Ayenb. 86 Þe guodemen..þet god heþ yvryd..uram þe þreldome of þe dyeule. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 70 Noon oþer wey þat myȝte save þe sike man from deeþ. c1449Pecock Repr. v. xiii. 553 Refreynyng from yuel. 1548–9(Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer Litany, From battaile and murther, & from sodain death: Good lorde deliuer us. 1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 400 note, Greedines of vayne glorie an impediment from keeping due order. 1647Ward Simp. Cobler 51 To keep their Kings from devillizing. 1710Steele Tatler No. 176 ⁋1 After a little Ease from the raging Pain caused by..an aking Tooth. 1732Berkeley Alciphr. i. §3 Lysicles could hardly refrain from laughing. 1807Crabbe Par. Reg. i. 507 When thy rich master seems from trouble free. 1845M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 18 To vindicate himself from the charge of treason. 1847–9Helps Friends in C. Ser. i. (1851) I. 206, I did not attempt to dissuade Milverton from his purpose.
†c. followed by inf. instead of the vbl. n. Obs.
1591Spenser Ruins of Time 429 Not to haue been dipt in Lethe lake Could saue the sonne of Thetis from to die. 1596― F.Q. iv. v. 7 He sau'd the victour from fordonne.
7. Indicating a state, condition, etc., which is abandoned or which is changed for another. Often used before an adj., or a n. that denotes a person, as if with ellipsis of being.
1340Ayenb. 7 Oure lhord aros uram dyaþe to lyue þane zonday. 1399Langl. Rich. Redeles i. 5 Ȝe were lyghtlich y-lyfte ffrom that ȝou leef thouȝte And ffrom ȝoure willffull werkis ȝoure will was chaungid. 1595Shakes. John v. iv. 25 Euen as a forme of waxe Resolueth from his figure 'gainst the fire. 1641Ariana 328 From a slave she became to be a Princesse. 1700Dryden Pal. & Arc. iii. 750 Meanwhile, the health of Arcite still impairs; From bad proceeds to worse. 1741Richardson Pamela I. 55 You have made our Master, from the sweetest-temper'd Gentleman in the World, one of the most peevish. 1771Goldsm. Hist. Eng. II. 203 From being attacked, the French now in turn became the aggressors. 1823F. Clissold Ascent Mt. Blanc 23 The western arc of the misty circle kindled, from a rosy to a deep reddening glow. 1856Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. iv. 312 It became necessary to increase the penalty..from banishment to death. 1870Rogers Hist. Gleanings Ser. ii. 51 From villains they became prosperous and independent yeomen. 1872Browning Fifine cx. 6 Temples..which tremblingly grew blank From bright.
8. Used after words which signify distinction, difference, unlikeness, etc.
Formerly more widely used than at present; we now say ‘inferior to’, ‘other than’, and (usually) ‘foreign to’; but verbs of distinguishing, differing, etc. still take from; so also different (but see that word), difference, distinct, etc.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. Prol. 56 Clotheden hem in copis to ben knowen fram othere. 1553Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 15 The Elephant is a beast..little inferiour from humaine sense. a1656Hales Tract (1677) 170 Others from themselves. 1828Whately Rhet. i. ii. §2 Quite foreign from all their experience. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 82 The extreme Puritan was at once known from other men by his gait. 1861M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 47 The Corporation had its constitution, not materially differing from those of other guilds. a1881Rossetti House of Life v, Thy Soul I know not from thy body. 1887L. Carroll Game of Logic iv. 94 You can't tell one flower from another.
†b. used simply to denote qualitative remoteness, unlikeness, incongruity, etc.: = away from, apart or aside from, out of, alien to. from oneself = beside oneself, out of one's wits. Obs. (Cf. 5 b.)
c1050Martyrology (Cockayne) 118 Þæt ic for þe sprece from minre ᵹecynde. 1490Caxton Eneydos xvii. (heading) As a woman disperate and from herselfe. 1531Elyot Gov. iii. xxi, Thou art all inflamed with wrathe, and clene from the pacience which thou so much praysest. 1579Fulke Heskins' Parl. 58 M. Heskins collections are vaine, and from the authors meaning. 1580Sidney Arcadia iii. (1605) 298 He was quite from himself. c1600Shakes. Sonn. cxlvii, My thoughts and my discourse as mad mens are, At random from the truth vainely exprest. 1607Tourneur Rev. Trag. v. i. Wks. 1878 II. 132 O pardon me to call you from your names! a1616Beaum. & Fl. Knt. of Malta iii. iv, A very hard thing, Sir, and from my power. 1632Massinger Maid of Hon. iii. i, Ast. But this is from the purpose. Rod. To the point then. a1637B. Jonson tr. Horace's Art Poet. 159 If now the phrase of him that speaks shall flow In sound quite from his fortune [fortunis absona].
9. Indicating the place, quarter, etc. whence something comes or is brought or fetched; often = out of; also after words denoting choice, selection, or distinction out of a number or mass of individuals.
1621Burton Anat. Mel. iii. ii. vi. i. (1651) 545, I light my Candle from their Torches. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 793 From his Herd he culls, For Slaughter, four the fairest of his Bulls. 1712–14Pope Rape Lock iii. 128 Clarissa drew..A two-edged weapon from her shining case. 1808Scott Marm. v. Introd. 145 Such notes as from the Breton tongue Marie translated. 1838Arnold Hist. Rome I. vii, She drew a knife from her bosom. 1843Fraser's Mag. XXVIII. 565 Jenny gathers cranberries from the neighbouring wood. 1864Law Times Rep. X. 718/2 A labourer..employed..to dig ballast from a pit. 1879Church Spenser ii. 29 He came from Cambridge. 1885Law Times LXXX. 37/2 The following, extracted respectively from The World and Truth. 1897F. Hall in Nation (N.Y.) LXIV. 163/1 This list I could amplify from my own verbal stores.
b. with ellipsis of a verb or participle: = coming from, taken from, etc.
1745De Foe's Eng. Tradesman xxvi. (1841) I. 266 Serge from Taunton and Exeter. 1771R. Henry Hist. Gt. Brit. I. i. vi. 378 The Phœnicians from Cadiz were the only persons who traded to these islands. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 3 Zealous Cavaliers from the country. 1895Bookman Oct. 26/2 The history has been..distorted by stock quotations from the fathers.
10. Indicating a place or position where action or motion is originated which extends beyond that place, while the originator remains fixed there (e.g. a place whence a person directs his vision, and fig. a ‘point of view’). Similarly after words which express ‘hanging’, ‘depending’, and the like.
1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. iii. v. 228 Jul. Speakest thou from thy heart? Nur. And from my soule too. 1619Daniel To Henry Wriothesly 42 He..doth from a patience hie Looke onely on the cause [etc.]. 1658Hist. Q. Christiana's Progress to Rome 246 Gay ornaments hanging from the window's and balcons. 1667Milton P.L. xii. 227 God from the mount of Sinai..will himself..Ordain them laws. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 615 The sultry Dog-star from the Sky Scorch'd Indian Swains. 1771R. Henry Hist. Gt. Brit. I. i. v. 338 Those who fought from chariots. 1801Southey Thalaba viii. ix, The Cryer from the Minaret, Proclaim'd the midnight hour. 1844Huc's Tartary I. 150 Each of us hung a bag from his shoulders. 1867–76G. F. Chambers Astron. 685 When observations are made from the deck of a ship. 1887L. Carroll Game of Logic i. §3. 35 From their point of view they are perfectly right.
11. Indicating a person as a more or less distant source of action, esp. as a giver, sender, or the like. In OE. also indicating the agent = by.
971Blickl. Hom. 27 Þæt he wære costod from deofle. Ibid. 45 Þonne onfoþ hi from Gode maran mede þonne hi from æniᵹum oþrum lacum don. c1205Lay. 20 æfter þan flode þe from drihtene com. a1240Ureisun 86 in Cott. Hom. 195 Uor þere gretunge Þet Gabriel ðe brouhte urom ure heouen kinge. c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon vii. 159 Ye shall telle the emperour from my behalve, that [etc.]. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. i. ii. 2 b, With a frigat to accompany us and to bring backe newes from us. 1605Shakes. Macb. i. iii. 105 He bad me, from him, call thee Thane of Cawdor. 1608― Per. i. i. 164 An arrow shot From a well-experienced archer. 1611Bible John vii. 29 For I am from him, and he hath sent me. 1662Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. ii. iii. §1 Moses tells them as from God himself. 1664Marvell Corr. Wks. 1872–5 II. 159 On the third [day]..he had audience from his Majesty. 1790–1811Combe Devil upon Two Sticks in Eng. (1817) I. 263 In this business, as in every other, she acted from herself. 1843Fraser's Mag. XXVIII. 328 You shall hear from my attorney. 1844Thirlwall Hist. Greece VIII. 303 Dionysodorus, an envoy from Attalus. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 405 Independence, veracity, self-respect, were things not required by the world from him. 1883Century Mag. XXVI. 919/1 He..still holds his place from the trustees. 1883Daily News 22 Sept. 4/6 Virulent abuse from that class of men.
12. Denoting derivation, source, descent, or the like:
a. in regard to material things.
1399Rolls of Parlt. III. 423/1, I Henry of Lancaster..am disendit by right lyne of the Blode comyng from the gude lord Kyng Henry therde. 1595Shakes. John i. i. 124 This Calfe, bred from his Cow. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. v. v. 239 Eve, who..anomalously proceeded from Adam. 1667Milton P.L. v. 480 So from the root Springs lighter the green stalk, from thence the leaves More aerie. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 481 Clio and Beroe, from one Father both. 1736W. Stukeley in Mem. (Surtees) III. 169 Ebulus or wild elder, fancyed to spring from the Danes blood. 1771R. Henry Hist. Gt. Brit. I. i. vi. 371 The greatest rivers sometimes flow from the smallest fountains. 1807Crabbe Par. Reg. i. 739 Bequeathed to missions money from the stocks. 1821Keats Lamia i. 334 A real woman, lineal indeed From Pyrrha's pebbles or old Adam's seed. 1870Anderson Missions Amer. Bd. II. ix. 68 Dangerous cuts from a sabre.
b. in regard to things immaterial; esp. ‘noting progress from premisses to inferences’ (J.).
1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. Ded. ⁋3 An argument drawen from the greatnesse of the labors. 1658J. Robinson Eudoxa ii. 23 The Argumentation is from a Similitude, therefore not Apodictick. 1712–14Pope Rape Lock i. 1 What dire offence from am'rous causes springs. 1795Gentl. Mag. 541/1 You will be astonished at the logick which could draw such an inference from that address. 1821Keats Isabella xiv, Enriched from ancestral merchandise. 1838Thirlwall Hist. Greece IV. 223 Several very pernicious consequences arose from this bent of mind. 1839G. Bird Nat. Philos. 40 From these facts the following laws have been deduced. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 320 His chief pleasures were commonly derived from field sports and from an unrefined sensuality. 1887L. Carroll Game of Logic i. §2. 21 Let us try to draw a Conclusion from the two Premisses.
13. Indicating a model, rule, copy; also, a person or thing after which another is named.
1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. iii. i. 53 For sure æacides Was Aiax, cald so from his grandfather. 1655Stanley Hist. Philos. i. (1701) 42/2 Cleobulus..had a Daughter whom he named Eumetis, but was called commonly from her Father Cleobulina. 1697Dryden æneid iii. 28, I lay the deep Foundations of a Wall; And Enos, nam'd from me, the City call. 1703Moxon Mech. Exerc. 127 You are to consider what Apartments..to make on your Ground-plot..and to set them off from your Scale. 1800H. Wells Const. Neville III. 266, I am..to take charge of a younger brother, who was named from him. 1811L. M. Hawkins C'tess & Gertr. III. lix. 259 She sketched objects; she colored from nature. 1875Knight's London (Walford) I. xi. 195 The Birdcage walk..was so named from the cages of an aviary disposed among the trees which bordered it.
14. Denoting ground, reason, cause, or motive: Because of, on account of, owing to, as a result of, through. Now replaced in some uses by for.
1611Shakes. Cymb. i. v. 24 Your Highnesse Shall from this practise but make hard your heart. 1622Fletcher Sp. Curate iii. iii, For what I now do is not out of spleen..but from remorse of conscience. 1663Cowley Pindar. Odes 2nd Olympique, Argt., He is commended..from his Hospitality, Munificence and other Virtues. 1710Norris Chr. Prud. ii. 99 His Cunning is the more odious from the resemblance it has to Wisdom. 1762Goldsm. Cit. W. xi, From such a picture of nature in primeval simplicity..are you in love with fatigue and solitude? 1764Foote Mayor of G. i. Wks. 1799 I. 165 Whether from the fall or the fright, the Major mov'd off in a month. 1776Trial of Nundocomar 32/2 The man could not be brought here..without imminent danger of expiring from fatigue. 1796Hist. in Ann. Reg. 8 They spoke and acted from principle. 1844Disraeli Coningsby iv. iii, Remarkable from the neatness..of its architecture. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 232 That weak apostle who from fear denied the Master. 1851Illustr. Lond. News 11 Jan. 23 Nine children died from want of breast milk. 1863G. J. Whyte-Melville Gladiators I. 264 The mighty fabric..was beginning..to sink and crumble from its own enormous size and weight. 1883Manch. Exam. 29 Oct. 5/4 The firm had to suspend payment, not from any fault of their own, but from their connection with another firm. 1883Law Rep. 11 Q. Bench Div. 597 The censure had been made injuriously and from motives of private malice. 1885T. Raleigh in Law Q. Rev. Apr. 151 A person suffering from senile dementia is not a lunatic.
b. indicating the ground of a judgement, belief, or the like.
c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. vii. 16 Fram hyra wæstmun ᵹe hi underᵹytað. 1673Ray Journ. Low C. (1738) I. 7 That the rain doth continually wash down earth from the mountains..is manifest from the Lagune or flats about Venice. 1855J. W. Croker in C. Papers (1884) III. xxix. 328 From your silence I fear the fact is so. 1891M. R. Haselden in Law Times XCII. 107/1 From the language of the preamble you might perhaps fancy that [etc.]. 1894Solicitor's Jrnl. XXXIX. 2/2 It is clear from these decisions that [etc.].
15. Used in certain of the above senses (esp. 1, 2, 3, 9, 10) with an adverb or a phrase (prep. + n. or pron.) as object.
a. With obj. an adverb (of place or time), as from above, from afar, etc. Also, more or less pleonastically, before hence, thence, whence, henceforth, etc.: see those words.
c1340Cursor M. 7505 (Trin.), I hadde no helpe but from aboue. Ibid. 16749 (Fairf.) From then [Gött. fra þan. Trin. fro þenne]. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. iii. 105 Com late from biȝonde. a1553Philpot Exam. (1842) 403 A destiny which from ever hath been, is, and shall be true. 1625Bacon Ess., Plantations (Arb.) 534 That the Plantation may spread into Generations, and not be euer peeced from without. 1685Dryden Thren. August. 169 They mined it near, they battered from afar. 1748Thomson Cast. Indol. ii. 391 And from beneath was heard a wailing sound. 1770Goldsm. Des. Vill. 116 The mingling notes came softened from below. 1821Keats Isabella xxxii, The breath of Winter comes from far away. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. I. ii. vii, From of old, Doubt was but half a Magician.
b. Followed by a preposition indicating a static condition, as from amidst, from beneath, etc.
c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. iv. 25 Fram beᵹeondan iordanen. 1388Wyclif Luke xxiv. 49 Til that ȝe be clothid with vertu from an hiȝ. 1588Shakes. Tit. A. iv. i. 44 She culd it from among the rest. 1637Milton Lycidas 16 The sacred well That from beneath the seat of Jove doth spring. 1671― Samson 1691 His fiery virtue roused From under ashes into sudden flame. 1667Sir R. Moray Let. 10 Dec. in Lauderdale Papers (1885) II. 88 There is a Damned book come hither from beyond sea called Naphtali. 1710Steele Tatler No. 170 ⁋4, I thought it better to remove a studious Countenance from among busy ones. 1719De Foe Crusoe ii. vi, That they might feast on fresh meat from on shore, as we did with their salt meat from on board. 1761[see 5 b]. 1786Mackenzie Lounger No. 56 (1787) II. 197, I see my grandmother..looking at me from under her spectacles. 1835Lytton Rienzi i. i, A body of horsemen..dashed from amidst the trees.
c. Followed, more or less pleonastically, by a prep. of similar meaning, as out, out of, forth, off, where each prep. serves to strengthen or supplement the sense of the other.
c1592Marlowe Massacre Paris ii. iii, His soul is fled from out his breast. 1594Hooker Eccl. Pol. i. viii. §5 [A principle] drawn from out of the very bowels of heaven and earth. 1607Shakes. Timon i. i. 138, I will choose Mine heyre from forth the Beggers of the world. 1632G. Hughes Saints Losse 51 Know ye not that God hath taken away your captaine from off your heads this day? 1700Dryden Pal. & Arc. iii. 514 Knights unhorsed may rise from off the plain. 1789G. White Selborne (1813) I. xiv. 256 From out of the side of this bed leaped an animal. 1820Keats St. Agnes xxx, While he from forth the closet brought a heap [etc.]. 1887A. Birrell Obiter Dicta Ser. ii. 150 Ready to engage with all comers on all subjects from out the stores of his accumulated knowledge.
†B. quasi-adv. = away. (Cf. fro B.) Only in phr. to and from (= to and fro), from and back.
a1450Knt. de la Tour (1868) 60 The synner that gothe ofte to and from in his foule plesaunce. 1608Topsell Serpents (1658) 608 A sliding snake..Gliding along the altar, from and back.
†C. quasi-conj. = from the time when. (Cf. fro C. 1.) Obs.
a1366Chaucer Rom. Rose 850 From she was twelve yeer of age, She of hir love graunt him made. c1500Lancelot 1432 Euery gilt..Done frome he passith the ȝeris of Innocens. 1583Babington Commandm. ix. Applic. Wks. (1637) 92 From morning to night, from wee rise till we goe to bed. 1602Warner Alb. Eng. xi. lxvi. (1612) 282 From Elizabeth to Raigne, and I to liue begunne. |