| 释义 |
▪ I. froward, a., adv., prep.|ˈfrəʊwəd|
Forms: α. 2–5 fraward, 3 Orm. frawarrd, 4–5 frawarde, -werd, frauward, 5–6 Sc. frawart, 6 frauwerde; β. 2– froward, 4–5 frowerd, 4–6 frowarde.
[Early ME. f. fra, fro + -ward. Cf. fromward.]
A. adj. (Not now in colloquial use.)
1. Disposed to go counter to what is demanded or what is reasonable; perverse, difficult to deal with, hard to please; refractory, ungovernable; † also, in a wider sense, bad, evilly-disposed, ‘naughty’. (The opposite of toward.)
a1300Cursor M. 7302 ‘Parfai’, þan answard samuel, ‘Yee ar to fraward [Trin. frowarde] wit to dele’. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 5854 If man be til God frawarde. 1382Wyclif Deut. xxi. 18 If a man gete a rebel sone, and a fraward. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) IV. 319 To chaste froward men and sturne men. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems 141 How may this be that thou art froward To hooly chirche to pay thy dewtee. 14..Why I can't be a Nun 317 in E.E.P. (1862) 146 For sum bene devowte, holy, and towarde..And sum bene feble, lewde, and frowarde. 1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Matt. vi. 13 Ye shall be safe..agaynste the frowarde temptour. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iv. (1586) 167 b, The Cocke of this kinde, is a frowarde and mischievous Birde. 1585Abp. Sandys Serm. ii. 28 Samuel, reiected..by this froward & rebellious people. 1625Bacon Ess., Innovations (Arb.) 527 A Froward Retention of Custome, is as turbulent a Thing, as an Innouation. 1689–90Temple Ess., Poetry Wks. 1731 I. 249 When all is done, Human Life is, at the greatest and the best, but like a froward Child, that must be play'd with and humour'd a little to keep it quiet till it falls asleep. 1703Clarendon's Hist. Reb. II. Ded. 5 That this Remark may not look froward or angry. a1716Bp. O. Blackall Wks. (1723) I. 45 Such froward and touchy People as these. 1775Johnson 14 Apr. in Boswell, A judge may become froward from age. 1820Hazlitt Lect. Dram. Lit. 270 In the infancy of taste, the froward pupils of art took nature to pieces, as spoiled children do a watch. 1848Lytton Harold v. vii, ‘Speak on’ said Hilda, calmly as a nurse to a froward child. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xix. (1858) 291 Russell had always been froward, arrogant, and mutinous.
absol.1535Coverdale Ps. xvii[i]. 26 With the frowarde thou shalt be frowarde. 1661Bramhall Just Vind. iii. 47 They may remove the froward from their offices. 1842J. H. Newman Par. Serm. VI. 346 If you bear with the froward.
2. Of things:
†a. Adverse, unfavourable, untoward; difficult to deal with, refractory. Of shape (cf. B. 2): Ill-formed, ugly (obs.).
b. In later use only as fig. of sense 1 (said, e.g., of fortune): Perverse, ill-humoured.
a1300Cursor M. 8104 Bi-halden vs inogh has þou Vr fraward scapp al ses þou hov. 13..Seuyn Sag. (W.) 2622 The weder was cold & froward. 1430Lydg. Min. Poems 103 By froward chaunce my hood was gone. 1513Douglas æneis iii. ii. 149 Syryus, the frawart star. 1523Skelton Garl. Laurel 1450 This delycate dasy, With frowarde frostis, alas was all to-fret. 1541R. Copland Galyen's Terap. 2 D iij, Curacyon of frowarde and rebel vlceres. 1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 120 To take his froward fortune and untoward luck with..patience. 1756C. Lucas Ess. Waters III. 213 It has been my froward fate to have too much. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §270 During this month of froward weather. 1805Wordsw. Prelude v. 348 The froward chaos of futurity. 1880R. Broughton Sec. Th. ii. vii, The froward May month.
†3. quasi-n. A froward person or thing. Obs.
a1529Skelton P. Sparowe 779 Our language is so rusty, So cankered, and so full Of frowardes. 1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 266 b, Through the cankerd peevishnes of wayward frowardes.
†B. adv. Obs.
1. In a direction that leads away from the person or thing under consideration; = fromward.
O.E. Chron. an. 1127 Eall þæt þa beon draᵹen toward swa frett þa drane & draᵹað fraward. 1426Audelay Poems 68 Ȝif thou to the cherche go, Toward, froward, or ellis cum fro. 1494Fabyan Chron. v. cxxvii. 108 He myghte goo or ryde frowarde or sydewarde, but towarde the chapell myght he in no wyse atteygne. 1540–54Croke Ps. (Percy Soc.) 34 Thy face allwey thus wilt thou let Be turned froward? 1596Spenser F.Q. vi. x. 24 And eeke them selves so in their daunce they bore, That two of them still froward seem'd to bee, But one still towards shew'd her selfe afore.
2. fig. Untowardly; perversely. froward shapen = misshapen (cf. from-shapen).
a1300Cursor M. 8076 Sagh man neuer for-wit þat hore, Sua fraward scapen creature. 1580Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 465 Thou knowest howe frowarde matters went, when thou tookest shippe.
†C. prep. (In a direction) away from; = fromward. Also in form frowards. Obs. (or arch.)
c1200Ormin 4672 Þa turrnesst tu þe frawarrd Godd, & towarrd eorþlic ahhte. c1250Gen. & Ex. 3322 At euen cam a fuȝel-fliȝt, fro-ward arabie to hem riȝt. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. ii. viii. (1495) 36 The angels slake neuer..nother tornyth theyr entent frowarde god. c1400Melayne 1314 The Sowdane..sawe the Cristen in the felde Frowarde the Cite ride. c1470Henry Wallace v. 786 Frawart the south thaim thocht it best to draw. 1470–85Malory Arthur x. xxx, And euer sire Tristram tracyd and trauercyd and wente froward hym here and there. 1513Douglas æneis i. i. 57 Scho thame fordrivis, and causis oft ga will Frawart Latium. Ibid. iv. Prol. 130 Thy self or thame thou frawartis God remouis. a1850Rossetti Dante & Circ. i. (1874) 106 He only is a pilgrim who goeth towards or frowards the House of St. James.
b. with tmesis fro..ward.
c1220Bestiary 719 And wende we neure fro him-ward.
▪ II. † ˈfroward, v. Obs.
[f. prec. adj.]
trans. To make froward.
1627–47Feltham Resolves i. xxxvi. 119 Vexations when they daily billow upon the minde, they froward even the sweetest soul, and..turn it into spleen and testinesse. |