| 释义 |
▪ I. fry, n.1|fraɪ|
Also 7 frey.
[a. ON. frió, freó, frǽ neut., seed = Goth. fraiw seed, offspring. Cf. ON. frió-r, frǽ-r adj., fertile. The F. frai masc., used in sense 3, is believed to be unconnected.]
1. Offspring, progeny, seed, young (of human beings); a man's children or family; rarely, a child. Now obs. exc. as transf. from sense 3.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints, George 867 Fourty thousand wane to þe fay, outakine wemene & ȝung fry. c1460Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 24 Deus. Noe, to the and to thi fry My blyssyng graunt I. 1508Dunbar Tua mariit Wemen 403, I..maid bot fulis of the fry of his first wif. 1564–78W. Bullein Dial. agst. Pest. (1888) 13 Commaunde your folkes to departe out of the chamber and your yonge frie also. 1605Shakes. Macb. iv. ii. 83 What you Egge? Yong fry of Treachery. 1624Quarles Sion's Elegies i. 5 Thy tender frie Whom childhood taught no language, but their crie T' expresse their infant griefe.
2. The roe (of a female fish).
c1430Two Cookery-bks. i. 16 Take fayre Frye of Pyke, and caste it raw on a morter. c1440Anc. Cookery in Househ. Ord. (1790) 469 Take frye of female pike, and pille away the skyn. [1869Lonsdale Gloss., To shoot one's fry, to make a last effort without success. Derived from the analogy of a female herring, who having shot her fry, has done all she can do in the course of nature.]
3. Young fishes just produced from the spawn; spec. the young of salmon in the second year, more fully salmon fry.
1389Act 13 Rich. II, c. 19. §1 Stalkers..par les quelles le frie ou brood des salmons laumpreis..pourra estre pris. 1462Mann. & Househ. Exp. (Roxb.) 562 Grete carpes and many oare smale and myche ffrye. c1475Rauf Coilȝear 682 Fyne foullis in Fyrth, and Fischis with fry. 1531–2Act 23 Hen. VIII, c. 18 Broode and frie of fisshe in the saide riuer..be commonly therby distroied. 1565J. Sparke in Hawkins' Voy. (1878) 61 An innumerable yonge frie of these flying fishes. 1635Swan Spec. M. v. §2 (1643) 141 The force of winds may suddenly sweep away little frey out of ponds. 1677Johnson in Ray's Corr. (1848) 128 In Cumberland, the [salmon] fishers have four distinctions of yearly growth (after the first summer, when they call them free, or frie, as we smowts, or smelts)..young fry of other fishes. 1766Pennant Zool. (1776) III. 297 They feed..sometimes on their own fry. 1807Vancouver Agric. Devon (1813) 75 The young salmon fry, or gravellers. 1861Act 24 & 25 Vict. c. 109. §4 Fish of the genus salmon, whether known by the names..salmon..burntail, fry, samlet, [etc.].
b. Applied to the young of other creatures produced in very large numbers, e.g. bees, frogs.
1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. (1586) 903 Combs..which contain the young spawn or fry of the Bees. 1609C. Butler Fem. Mon. (1634) 135 The Bees, specially the young fry (being loaded and weary with their labour)..are beaten down. 1622Massinger Virg. Mart. ii. ii, A bed of snakes..whose poisonous spawn Ingenders such a fry of speckled villainies. 1784Cowper Task ii. 832 A race obscene, Spawned in the muddy beds of Nile..And the land stank—so numerous was the fry. 1854Woodward Mollusca (1856) 10 The fry of the aquatic races are almost as different from their parents as the caterpillar from the butterfly.
c. fig.
1600Heywood 1st Pt. Edw. IV (1613) C ij a, This hedge-bred rascall this filthy fry of ditches, A vengeance take you all. 1607Hieron Wks. I. 442 They come from the sea of Rome..to beget a new spawne and frie of catholikes. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 459 The Sunne..together with his frie (whole armies of Gnats). 1806T. S. Surr Winter in Lond. (ed. 3) II. 199 It was reserved for the present day to bring forth a fry of young critic imps.
4. Hence, as a collective term for young or insignificant beings: now chiefly in phrase lesser fry, small fry or young fry.
a. The smaller kinds of fish or other animals.
1666Dryden Ann. Mirab. 811 The huge Leviathans..attend their prey And give no chase, but swallow in the frie. 1674Pulleyn in Flatman's Poems 2/2 Let your eye Wander, and see one of the lesser frie..Ruffle his painted feathers, and look big. 1674N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. i. (1677) 56 We bring out not onely Pike and Carp, but lesser Fry. 1697W. Dampier Voy. I. xvi. 465 This small Fry I take to be the top of their Fishery: they have no Instruments to catch great Fish. 1718Prior Knowledge 108 Of fishes next..From the small fry that glide on Jordan's stream..To that Leviathan. 1845Darwin Voy. Nat. vii. (1879) 137 A lake..which..swarmed with small fry. 1873G. C. Davies Mount. & Mere xiii. 101 One of the small fry..is hopping about on the grass.
b. Young or insignificant persons (collectively or in a body); a ‘swarm’ or crowd of such persons.
a1577Gascoigne Herbs, Weeds, etc. Wks. (1587) 303 To make their coine a net to catch yong frie. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. xii. 7 Them before, the fry of children yong..did play. 1607Beaum. & Fl. Woman-Hater iii. iii, The whole frie in a Colledge, or an Inn of Court. 1641Milton Prel. Episc. 2 To that indigested heap, and frie of Authors. 1689Swift Ode to Temple Wks. 1755 IV. i. 242 As in a theatre the ignorant fry, Because the cords escape their eye, Wonder to see the motions fly. 1738Birch Milton M.'s Wks. 1738 I. 27 A public School to teach all the young Fry of a Parish. 1799Morn. Post in Spirit Publ. Jrnls. (1800) III. 122 The fresh fry so constantly emerging from the scholastic trammels of Eton. 1852Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. ix, Mrs. Bird..followed by the two eldest boys, the smaller fry having by this time been safely disposed of in bed. 1878–82C. Fleet Ancestors in Sussex Ser. i. 122 Chambermaids, and all the fry who feed on the little weaknesses of humanity. 1885J. Payn Talk of Town II. 99 Compared with [Sheridan], all other managers were small fry.
c. of inanimate things.
1587Mirr. Mag., Bladud xvi, An heape of hurtes..a fry of foule decayes. 1650tr. Hotham's Introd. Teut. Philos. Pref., Few have attained its height in this last frie of books. 1652–62Heylin Cosmogr. iii. (1682) 220 South of Japan, lyeth a great fry of Islands. a1797H. Walpole (Ogilvie), We have burned two frigates, and a hundred and twenty small fry. 1859Jephson Brittany iv. 38 Having sold his eggs, rags, and other small fry. 1861Sat. Rev. 7 Dec. 591 The smaller fry of Christmas Books.
Hence ˈfryhood, the state of being ‘fry’.
1884Longm. Mag. III. 531 An abdominal pouch, where they [the eggs] are..nourished during their early fryhood.
▪ II. fry, n.2|fraɪ|
[f. fry v.1]
†1. Excessive heat. Obs. rare—1.
1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 187 Their colour is blacke (living in the scorching frie of the Torrid Zone).
2. Food cooked in a frying-pan; fried meat.
1639Mayne City Match iii. ii, This came from The Indies, and eats five Crownes a day in frye, Oxe livers, and browne past. 1848Dickens Dombey xviii, Cook promises a little fry for supper. a1850Rossetti Dante & Circ. i. (1874) 226, I get my dinner, you your supper, free; And, if I bite the fat, you suck the fry.
b. dial. Applied locally to various internal parts of animals, usually eaten fried.
1847–78Halliwell, Fry, the pluck of a calf. North. 1877Holderness Gloss., Fry, the viscera of a pig, or other animal, generally cooked in a frying-pan. 1879Cumbld. Gloss., Fry, pig's liver. ‘Mudder sent us a fry o't' killin' day.’ 1888Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. s.v., The products of lambs' castration are called lamb's fries. 1894Blackmore Perlycross 110 A dish of lamb's fry reposing among its parsley.
▸ N. Amer. An outdoor social event at which food is cooked and eaten. Freq. with modifying word, as chicken fry, etc.
Recorded earliest in fish-fry n. at fish n.1 Compounds 2b.
1824‘A. Singleton’ Lett. from South & West 66 Fish-fries are held about once in a fortnight. 1897Decatur (Illinois) Daily Rev. 10 Sept. 4/3 The chicken fry held in the Mt. Zion M. E. churchyard. 1936Lima (Ohio) Sunday News 4 Oct. 27/2 The junior class held a hamburger fry. 1955Sheboygan (Wisconsin) Press 12 July 12/7 The Girls' League for Service held a fry on Monday evening. 1996Providence (Rhode Island) Jrnl.-Bull. (East Bay ed.) (Nexis) 22 Aug. 1 d, The..Lions Club is holding its second annual fry at 4 p.m. 2001P. Fitzgerald in Granta Summer 243 The get-together, the chicken-fry.
▸ orig. and chiefly N. Amer. A chip (French fry). Also in extended use. Chiefly in pl.
1947Vidette Messenger (Valparaiso, Indiana) 4 Apr. 5/7 (advt.) Large Hamburger, with Fries. 1972G. Lukas et al. Amer. Graffiti (film script) 49 A double Chubby Chuck, fries,..and two cherry cokes. 1989Caterer & Hotelkeeper 7 Sept. 2/1 Consumers demand and expect a fry that remains crisp and golden. 2000N.Y. Mag. 3 Jan. 46/3 Salad, yam fries, and a fabulous BLT. 2006Advertising Age (Nexis) 6 Feb. 9 Milk and fruit in place of soda and fries in its kids' meals.
▸ Irish English. A meal consisting of any of various fried foods, typically including egg, bacon, sausage, and potato bread, and traditionally eaten for breakfast. Cf. fry-up n., Ulster fry at Ulster n. 4c.
1959S. Watson Double Hook I. iii. 14, I might as well be dead for all of her, Ara said. Passing her own son's house and never offering a fry even today when he's off and gone with the post. 1967W. Macken Brown Lord of Mountain xv. 139 ‘I know what you have for breakfast.’ ‘What?’ he asked. ‘Cereal,’ she said, ‘and a fry on Sundays’. 1988D. Madden Birds of Innoc. Wood iii. 43 The same motherly woman..served them with breakfast: two large greasy fries, each with a soft fried egg. 2004Belfast News Let. (Nexis) 15 May 10 It is mostly enjoyed at breakfast or brunch..with only 10 per cent enjoying a fry after 6pm!
▸ fry cook n. N. Amer. a cook who specializes in preparing the fried or grilled foods at a restaurant.
1890Daily News (Frederick, Maryland) (Electronic text) 30 Apr. The fourth cook is known as the ‘*fry’ cook, and everything that needs to be fried is given to him. He has little to do at dinner time, but has his hands full at breakfast and supper. 1944Fortune Mar. 144 (caption) Almost nothing is fried, as the idleness of the fry cook in the picture to the right indicates. 2000A. Bourdain Kitchen Confid. (2001) 31 Lord it over the salad men and fry cooks and prep drones at less successful restaurants.
▪ III. † fry, n.3 Obs. rare—1.
[? cf. fly n.2 5 d.]
‘A kind of sieve’ (J.).
1707Mortimer Husb. 270 He dresseth the Dust from it [Malt], by running it thro' a Fan or Frie.
▪ IV. fry, v.1|fraɪ|
Inflected fried, frying.
[a. F. fri-re (= Pr. frir, Sp. freir, Pg. frigir, It. friggere):—L. frīgĕre to roast, fry, cogn. with Gr. ϕρύγειν, Skr. bhrajj, of the same meaning.]
1. a. trans. To cook (food) with fat in a shallow pan over the fire. With up: to ‘hot up’ (cold food) in a frying-pan.
c1290[see frying vbl. n.]. 1340Ayenb. 111 Þet ilke bread..wes ymad of oure doȝe..and yfryd ine þe panne of þe crouche. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xviii. i. (1495) 747 Flesche of bestys is sometyme rostyd and somtyme fryed. c1420Liber Cocorum (1862) 21 Take onyons and..Frye hom in grece. 1486Bk. St. Albans C iij a, Take a blacke snake..and fry it in an erthyn potte. 1530Palsgr. 158 Vne póylle, a fryeng pan to frye any meate in. 1579Langham Gard. Health (1633) 95 Frie it with sheeps suet, and apply it to bruses. 1769Mrs. Raffald Eng. Housekpr. (1778) 71 A very good way to fry Beef Steaks. 1805Med. Jrnl. XIV. 65 The tender leaves are very commonly..fried with other herbs. 1875Mary Jewel Model Cookery 21/1 Frying being actually boiling in fat instead of water. 1899G. B. Burgin Bread of Tears i. v, ‘What are you cooking there, Fenella? It smells good.’ ‘Frying up the cold fowl,’ said Fenella.
b. Phrases: fry your eggs: mind your own business. to have other fish to fry (see fish n. 4 c).
1841James Brigand ii, Fry your eggs, Gandelot, and leave other people to fry theirs. 1864N. & Q. 3rd Ser. VI. 495/1 Cornish Proverbs..Fry me for a fool and you'll lose your fat in frying.
2. transf. and fig.
†a. trans. To torture (a person) by fire; to burn or scorch (anything) with effects analogous to those of frying; sometimes hyperbolically, of the heat of the sun, etc. Obs.
1382Wyclif Jer. xxix. 22 As Achab whom friede [Vulg. frixit] the king of Babiloyne. c1440Jacob's Well (E.E.T.S.) 11 Þou schalt be rostyd and fryed in þe fyir of helle! c1526Frith Disput. Purgat. (1829) 112 He will not fry us in the fire of purgatory for our sins. 1588A. King tr. Canisius' Catech. Prayers 27 My banes as it ver in ane frying panne ar fried. 1628Wither Brit. Rememb. viii. 2700 When we were boyld and fryde, in blood and fire. 1695Blackmore Pr. Arth. iv. 925 Raging Sirius fries the thirsty Land. 1697Dryden æneid vii. 644 So when with crackling Flames a Cauldron fries, The bubbling Waters from the Bottom rise.
†b. to fry a faggot: see faggot n. 2. Obs.
1563–87Foxe A. & M. (1684) III. 124 Master Hooper..said..must we two take this matter in hand, and begin to frie these faggots. 1577–87Holinshed Chron. III. 946/2 A great manie of them..had died for it in Smithfield, in frieng a faggot.
c. To execute in the electric chair; also intr., to be executed thus. U.S. slang.
1929Flynn's 17 Aug. 702/2 I'll fry for it, I suppose—that's the law, Doc. 1934A. Merritt Burn Witch Burn! v. 68 They'll laugh themselves sick an' fry us at Sing Sing. 1956‘J. Wyndham’ Seeds of Time 107 You'll hang or you'll fry, every one of you.
3. intr. To undergo the operation of cooking with fat in a pan. rare in lit. sense. to fry in one's own grease (also † in pass.): originally transf., said e.g. of persons burning alive, and fig. to be tormented by one's own passions; now only, to suffer the consequences of one's own folly.
13..Coer de L. 4409 Beter it is that we out renne, Thenne as wrehches in house to brenne, And frye inne oure owne gres! c1386Chaucer Wife's Prol. 487 In his owene grece I made him frye For angre, and for verray Jalousye. a1415Lydg. Temp. Glas (1891) 14 Thus is he fryed in his owene gres, To-rent & torn with his owene rage. 1546J. Heywood Prov. (1867) 37 She is as fierce as a Lyon of Cotsolde. She fryeth in hir owne grease. 1684T. Burnet Th. Earth ii. 78 Let..the woods and forests blaze away, and the fat soyl of the earth fry in its own grease; these things will not affect us [the rocks and mountains].
4. transf.
a. To undergo the action of fire or intense heat, with effects resembling those of frying; to frizzle, burn with a sputter or exudation of juices. † Formerly often of persons tormented by fire; also hyperbolically.
c1526Frith Disput. Purgat. (1829) 136 Thinkest thou to be justified by frying in purgatory? 1570Satir. Poems Reform. xii. 117 Luke gif ȝour partie prydis yame in thair spurring, Keipand the feildis, and fryis not in thair furring. 1583Lyly Pref. Ep. in T. Watson's Poems (Arb.) 29 A sworde frieth in the fire like a blacke ele. 1596Drayton Legends iii. 147 Fuell to that fire, Wherein He fry'd. 1601B. Jonson Poetaster i. i, Earth and seas in fire and flame shall fry. 1647Trapp Comm. Matt. vii. 6 The Smiths forge fries, when cold water is cast upon it. 1656Cowley Mistress, Incurable ii, As well might men who in a feaver fry, Mathematique doubts debate. 1664Waller Late War Spain 84 Spices and Gums about them melting fry. a1711Ken Imitat. Poet. Wks. 1721 IV. 529 Tho' frying where the Sun all Day Shoots perpendicular fierce Ray. 1715Bentley Serm. x. 358 What Heart could bear that his dead Father should fry in the flames of Purgatory? 1886A. Winchell Walks & Talks Geol. Field 152 Caking-coals, when ignited, seem to fry with an exudation of a fluid petroleum.
b. with advbs. up, out expressing the result of heating.
1630May Lucan v. 471 The metalls melted by the Sunne, fry'd vp. 1694Acc. Late Voy. ii. (1711) 177 When the Fat is well tryed or fryed out. 1816Chron. in Ann. Reg. 1 The heat of the stove made the rosin in the wood to fry out.
c. fig. Of a person: To burn with strong passion or emotion. Also refl. in same sense.
1573Satir. Poems Reform. xl. 163 Thay fryit in furie that he schaipit quick. 1583Stanyhurst æneis i. (Arb.) 19 Thus she frying fretted, thus deepely plunged in anger æolian kingdoom shee raught. 1591Lyly Endym. v. iii, In the moment that I feared his falshood and fried myself most in mine affections. 1646Sir R. Fanshawe tr. Guarino's Pastor Fido (1676) 192 The happiest Pair that this day fry Under the torrid Zone of Love. 1648J. Beaumont Psyche i. ccxviii, Whether she walks, or sits, or stands, or lies, Her wretched self still in her self she fries. 1767Babler I. 97, I sat frying the whole time, from a conscious incapacity to please. 1771Smollett Humph. Cl. (1815) 62 My uncle, frying with vexation, cried, [etc.]. 1842T. Martin in Fraser's Mag. Dec. XXVI. 652/2, I lay frying with impatience to hear the clatter of cups.
†d. said of a feeling, passion, etc. Obs.
1563B. Googe Eglogs (Arb.) 83 Here fyre and flames by Fancie framde, In brest doo broyle and frye. 1581T. Howell Deuises (1879) 176 Thus loue at once doth frye, freeze, ryse and fall. a1632Fairfax (Ogilvie), What kindling motions in their breasts do fry.
†5.
a. Of water: To be agitated, boil, seethe, foam. Obs.
1590Spenser F.Q. ii. xii. 45 Ye might have seene the frothy billowes fry Vnder the ship. 1697Dryden æneid vii. 737 Thus, when a black-brow'd gust begins to rise, White foam at first on the curl'd ocean fries.
b. To ferment; to seethe (in the stomach). Of lime: To slake. Obs.
1624Capt. Smith Virginia iii. ii. 44 As much barley boyled with water for a man a day, and this having fryed some 26 weekes in the ships hold, contained as many wormes as graines. 1626Bacon Sylva §52 To keep the Oyle from frying in the Stomach, you must drinke..Milde Beere after it. 1647Trapp Mellificium Theol. in Comm. Ep. 619 Cast water upon this lime, it will fry the faster.
Hence ˈfrying ppl. a.
1587Turberv. Trag. T. (1837) 128 Whose frying hartes With Cupids coles did melte. 1592Greene Mamillia ii. Wks. (Grosart) II. 175 So discontinuance should be of sufficient force to quench out y⊇ frying flames of loue.
▸ trans. slang (orig. U.S.). a. to fry a person's brain: to impair a person's mental function.
Used chiefly in the context of drug use or mental exhaustion.
1971Alleged Drug Abuse in Armed Services (U.S. House Comm. on Armed Services) 1881 He often has hallucinations... As one authority put it, speed really fries your brain. 1985N.Y. Times 24 Aug. 13/3 A correspondent for The Berkeley Barb, who's obviously fried his brain with assorted chemical substances. 1999Student Times 2 Oct. 8/2 These trigger latent psychiatric problems which could fry your brain, making you insane. 2000Independent 20 Sept. (Review section) 5/4 Anuff was frying his brain trying to watch seven screens at once.
b. To cause (an electronic device) to short-circuit or malfunction.
1980Professional Motor Vehicle Theft (U.S. Senate Comm. on Governmental Affairs) 333 He did manage to get voltage on the microelectronics,..and he fried those electronics, so that they were incapacitated. 1993A. Toffler & H. Toffler War & Anti-war iv. xvi. 149 Such weapons cause no overt physical damage but can ‘fry’ the components of radar, electronic networks, and computers. 2000G. Lucas Star Wars Episode I: Phantom Menace 15 Sorry, Master, the water fried my weapon.
▪ V. fry, v.2 rare—1.|fraɪ|
[f. fry n.1]
intr. To swarm.
1816L. Hunt Rimini ii. 171 Plashy pools with rushes, About whose sides the swarming insects fry, Opening with noisome din, as they go by. |