| 释义 |
▪ I. trimming, vbl. n.|ˈtrɪmɪŋ|
[f. trim v. + -ing1.]
The action of the verb trim.
1. a. Making trim, putting in order, equipment, preparation; repairing, putting right; spec. Naut. the fitting out, repairing, or cleaning the bottom of a ship: see trim v. 2–6.
1519–20Rec. St. Mary at Hill 304 Paid for Trymmyng of the courten of our ladys tabernacle... Paid to a carpenter for Trymmyng of the peyse of the pyx. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. ii. vi. 36 The trimming and gathering of the mastick. c1595Capt. Wyatt R. Dudley's Voy. W. Ind. (Hakl. Soc.) 30 Such things which wee weare to have from the carvells for the speedie dispatchinge of our admeralls trimminge. a1642Sir W. Monson Naval Tracts ii. (1704) 254/2 Upon the return of the clean Squadron to Sea, whilst the other Squadron is in Trimming.
b. Adornment, decoration, dressing up; making neat or smart; also cutting, clipping, shearing (lit. and fig.); † spec. cutting of the hair (obs.).
a1536Calisto & Mel. A iij b, What trimyng what payntyng, to make fayrnes. 1554–5in Feuillerat Revels Q. Mary (1914) 176 Counterfet pearle for the trymynge & garnishing of the womens hedpeces and fruntes of their visars. 1583Stubbes Anat. Abus. ii. (1882) 50 They [the barbers] haue inuented such strange fashions and monstrous maners of cuttings, trimmings, shauings. 1638Archdeaconry Essex Min. lf. 3 b (MS.) Edwardus Geary presentatus for trymeing of men on the Saboath day in tyme of divine service. 1693Vestry Bks. (Surtees) 258 For the Beadle's blew cote triming and making, 19 s. 6 d. a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Trimming, Cheating People of their Money. 1723Mandeville Fab. Bees (1733) I. 320 To have them all whole and tight in the same Cloaths and Trimming must add to the comliness of the sight. 1886C. Scott Sheep-Farming 171 Trimming is the modelling or clipping from time to time of the already rough shorn sheep.
c. pl. Pieces cut off in trimming something; parings, cuttings, scraps.
1805R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. 116 Where there are coppices of young wood,..fences..may be formed at very small expence by the trimmings from them. 1846A. Soyer Cookery 27 The trimmings of any description of game..may be used for making the above sauce. 1857Miller Elem. Chem. III. 667 The strongest glue..from the ears and refuse trimmings of thick hides in general. 1881Daily Tel. 23 Feb., The scraps and trimmings of joints,..good meat, true meat, often cut from the primest parts of the animal. 1912Daily News 21 Mar. 4 The bodger's fire of beech trimmings.
2. concr. Adornment, array; esp.
a. Any ornamental addition to the bare fabric of a dress, etc. Also fig. Chiefly pl.
In quot. 1625 = the trappings of the sacrificial victim. Cf. quot. 1697 in trim v. 7.
1625K. Long tr. Barclay's Argenis iv. v. 255 Must this pompe, this attire, this beauty, be the trimmings to offer mee a Sacrifice to Sicilies infernall gods? a1654Selden Table-T., Relig. (Arb.) 102 Every Man has a Doublet: So every Man has his Religion: We differ about Trimming. 1684Contempl. St. Man ii. v. (1699) 178 What Fool is so sottish as to bestow precious Trimming upon a Penitential Garment? a1713T. Ellwood Autobiog. (1765) 24 Those unnecessary Trimmings of Lace, Ribbands, and useless Buttons. 1850H. Rogers Ess. II. iv. 205 Discourses..garnished with a trimming of French terms and phrases. 1906Temple Bar Mag. Jan. 33 Tunics..of darker grey with ‘trimmings’.
b. pl. Accessories, usual accompaniments; e.g. to the bare fabric of a house, to a joint of meat, etc. Freq. in phr. all the trimmings. Also fig.
1612T. Bodley Will in Macray Ann. Bodleian (1880) 407 There shelues, deskes, seates, and other needeful trimings. 1828Miss Mitford Village Ser. iii. 47 The leg of mutton and trimmings had been paid for over and over. 1837Dickens Pickw. xxxvii, A boiled leg of mutton with the usual trimmings. 1858Gen. P. Thompson Audi Alt. II. lxx. 11 Style, which is only the trimmings of the dish. 1884St. James' Gaz. 29 Apr. 4/2 Agricultural and mechanical implements, house trimmings, locks, latches, and hinges. 1927D. Parker in New Yorker 29 Oct. 93/1 He was praised, adored, analyzed, bestsold, argued about, and banned in Boston; all the trimmings were accorded him. 1946M. Dickens Happy Prisoner ix. 195 If he..had to start his illness all over again, with transfusions and penicillin and all the trimmings, it would be their fault. 1949R. Harvey Curtain Time 148 Turkey and all the trimmings. 1973Times 25 Apr. 8/2 Those rich romantics or fantasists who still wish to enter matrimony with a gracious splash can hire for a day the ancestors, the family retainers, their own private stately home and all the trimmings, in the centre of London. 1981‘W. Haggard’ Money Men iii. 35 He had a passion for silverside, all the trimmings—carrots and onions and small sweet dumplings. 1984Times 6 Apr. 21/2 Next week he unveils his..personal computer which is said to have all the trimmings but with a no-frills price.
c. The upholstery or interior lining of a motor vehicle. Cf. trim n. 4 h.
1938Motor 8 Nov. 2/1 (Advt.), 1937, colour scheme green, suitable leather trimming, comprehensively equipped. 1948Ibid. 3 Nov. 385/1 The windscreen is slightly vee'd. Interior trimming is grey leather and the price is {pstlg}3,775.
3. A beating, a drubbing; a sharp censure.
a1518[see trim v. 10]. 1675V. Alsop Anti-Sozzo Pref., They..would doubtless interpose, and bestow a deserved Trimming upon the Book, and make it doe Penance in its own sheets. 1763Ld. Halifax Let. 24 Sept., in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. i. 360 That superficial pert Gentleman has got a thorough trimming from the Duke. 1787Mrs. Trimmer Two Farmers (1788) 21 It was a cruel trick and he deserves a good trimming for it. 1823W. H. Pyne Wine & Walnuts (1824) I. xviii. 215 He expected another trimming on the usual topic, his vanity.
4. Naut. The adjustment of a ship's balance, load, sails, etc. as in trim v. 13, 15.
1627Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. viii. 34 The Master is to see the cunning of the ship, and trimming of the sailes. Ibid. xi. 54 The trimming of a ship doth much amend or impaire her sailing... To finde her trim, that is, how she will sail best.
5. The action of balancing or poising; the stowing or arrangement of cargo or coal in the hold of a ship in such a way as to keep her trim.
c1796T. Twining Trav. Amer. (1894) 96 The wagon..was so often depressed in the soft ground and old ruts on one side, that the passengers were obliged to press towards the other. Without this perpetual trimming we should certainly have been overturned. 1893Times 10 July 13/6 The apparatus..has a working capacity of 100 tons per hour, and by it all trimming of the cargo is obviated. 1911Act 1 & 2 Geo. V, c. 41 §1 Work done..in connection with the stowing or discharging of cargoes..or the trimming of coal on board that ship.
6. fig. Balancing between opinions or parties so as to remain in favour with both sides: see trim v. 17.
1696C. Leslie Snake in Grass (1697) 223 Having them⁓selves serv'd all turns, that ever happen'd in their time,..they had the Face to upbraid others for their Changing and Trimming. 1760Law Spir. Prayer ii. 91 Management, prudence, or an artful trimming betwixt God and mammon, are here all in vain. 1827Scott Jrnl. 22 Dec., An attempt to govern par bascule—by trimming betwixt the opposite parties. 1882A. Bain Jas. Mill iv. 194 The opposition was founded on Brougham's trimming to the Church.
7. a. attrib. and Comb., as trimming-blade, trimming-hook, trimming-tool; in sense 2 a, trimming-maker, trimming-manufacturer, trimming-merchant, trimming-shop. b. Special combs. (in some of which trimming may be the ppl. a.), as trimming-basin, a barber's basin; trimming-board, a board on which paper is trimmed; trimming-can: see quot.; trimming flap = trimming tab below; trimming gear Aeronaut., apparatus for altering the angle of the tailplane of an aircraft; trimming-joist, a joist into which the end of a trimmer (sense 4) is fitted; trimming-machine: see quot.; trimming-piece = trimming-joist; trimming plane Aeronaut., a control surface used to trim an aircraft; trimming-room, -shear: see quots.; trimming spout, a jointed spout delivering grain, sand, or the like from an elevator into a ship or truck, so as to distribute it over the available space (Cent. Dict., Suppl. 1909); trimming tab Aeronaut., an adjustable tab or aerofoil attached to a control surface, and used to trim the aircraft; spec. one which can be adjusted by the pilot in flight; trimming-tank, a water-tank in the bow or stern of a ship which is filled or emptied as the trim of the ship demands; trimming wheel Aeronaut., a control wheel used to trim an aircraft by its action on the tailplane.
1683Lond. Gaz. No. 1820/4 A Silver *Trimming-Bason and a Pot, two Silver Candle-sticks.
1868Rep. U.S. Commissioner Agric. (1869) 255 Figure 8 represents the *trimming hook, and Figure 9 the *trimming blade.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, *Trimming-can, a small tin vessel with a spout, for pouring oil into a table-lamp.
1935Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. XXXIX. 1038 The ailerons and elevators require *trimming flaps sufficient to enable the airplane to be flown ‘hands off’.
1922Flight XIV. 416/1 The tail plane, for which a very substantial worm *trimming gear is provided, has spars of straight taper, spindled out to an I section. 1933Aeroplane 5 Apr. 606/1 There was some mechanical stiffness in the ailerons and no tail trimming gear had yet been rigged.
1667Primatt City & C. Build. 81 Binding-Joysts with their *Trimming-Joysts. 1679Moxon Mech. Exerc. viii. 137 These Joysts, Trimmers and Trimming Joysts, are all to be pinned into their respective Mortesses.
1877Knight Dict. Mech., *Trimming-machine, 1. a species of lathe for trimming the edges of stamped hollow-ware, such as sheet-metal pans... 2. (Boot-making), a machine for trimming the edge of uppers.
1819Lond. Post Off. Direct. 84 Crooks' & Co. *Trimming-makers, 98 Wood-street. 1896C. K. Paul tr. Huysman's En Route ii. vi. 262 The religious trimming-makers could trim these watered and plain silks with silver and gold.
1833Loudon Encycl. Archit. §234 The trimmer arch, w, is shown abutting against the *trimming piece.
1921Flight XIII. 325/2 A *trimming plane is installed just ahead of the tail plane, which can be adjusted in flight from the pilot cabin by a wheel.
1881Guide Worcester Porcelain Wks. 27 The ware..is then taken..into the *trimming room, where any superfluous glaze is taken off.
1877Knight Dict. Mech., *Trimming-shear, a machine for trimming wool borders on..mats.
1854M. T. Morrall Hist. Needle Making (ed. 2) 22 Which soon brought them [needles] into demand in the *trimming shops of London.
1935Aircraft Engineering Dec. 297 The *trimming tab is quite revolutionary in its simplicity. 1942W. Simpson One of our Pilots is Safe ii. 42 To twist the trimming tab controls for rudder and elevator. 1950Engineering 29 Sept. 269/3 All the control surfaces are provided with trimming tabs.
1903Q. Rev. July 119 The *trimming-tanks..assist in keeping the boat on an even keel.
1941D. Masters So Few 99 The *trimming wheel is a device which acts upon the tailplane in order to take the physical strain off the pilot. 1956D. Barnham One Man's Window 153, I start turning the trimming wheel to ease me out of this dive.
▪ II. ˈtrimming, ppl. a.
[f. as prec. + -ing2.]
That trims, in various senses of the verb; making trim, adorning, decorating; clipping, paring; colloq. or slang, ‘stunning’, ‘rattling’, excellent.
1559Morwyng Evonym. 187 We will referre amongste the trimmyng waters also, those waters wherwith whelkes and litle Pushes or Biles in the face, are made hoale. 1778Earl Carlisle in Jesse Selwyn & Contemp. (1844) III. 341 Such trimming gales as would make such a landsman as you stare. 1825Sporting Mag. XV. 340, I did not minute this run, but..it must have been a trimming one. 1828Ibid. XXI. 297 Lord Cleveland's hounds have.. had a trimming day in their Bedale country. 1896Daily News 31 Jan. 5/5 Expert dressmakers, forewomen, embroiderers, and trimming⁓women have been recruited for her wardrobe workroom.
b. Following a neutral or middle course between opposed principles or parties, esp. when this is done to stand in favour with both.
1683Trimmer Catechised 1 You follow..the Old Trimming Jews..who sometimes worship God, and sometimes Baal. 1685Wood Life 23 Apr. (O.H.S.) III. 141 It was [a] luke⁓warm, trimming sermon. 1686W. Hopkins tr. Ratramnus Dissert. ii. (1688) 32 He now passeth at best but for a Trimming Catholick, with F. Cellot and his Friends. c1780Sir J. Harris in Bancroft Hist. U.S. (1876) VI. xlix. 359 An ambiguous and trimming answer was given. 1793G. Rose in Ld. Auckland's Corr. (1862) III. 165 The politics of his paper were very trimming.
Hence ˈtrimmingly adv.
1718Free-thinker No. 118 ⁋3 He will neither philosophize Trimmingly..nor reason Intemperately. 1789A. C. Bower Diaries & Corr. (1903) 97 The next day I had the gout trimmingly [cf. quots. 1778–1828 above]. |