| 释义 |
▪ I. reclaim, n.1|rɪˈkleɪm|
Forms: see claim n. (also 5 racleyme).
[a. OF. reclaim, n. from reclaimer, reclamer to reclaim.]
I. Now rare.
†1.
a. The act of recalling a hawk; esp. to come to reclaim, to return when called. Obs.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xii. ii. (Tollem. MS.), He wexeþ ramaiouse oþer slowe, and dedeyneþ not to come to reclayme. 1486Bk. St. Albans B ij, And or she come to the reclame make her that she sowre not.
†b. The recall or bringing back of a person.
c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 77 Defye false fortune, And al recleymes of hyr double luyne. 1533Bellenden tr. Livy i. xii. (S.T.S.) I. 70 Þe Sabinis complanit þat þare rebellis..war þare Intertenyit but ony reclame or punycioun eftir following. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. x. 16 The loving couple..leasure had..to frame Their purpost flight, free from all mens reclame.
†c. Revocation (of an edict). Obs. rare—1.
1604T. Wright Passions v. §4. 234 Ester..procured the death of Hamman, and the reclaime of that bloody edict.
2. a. The act of recalling, or state of being recalled, to right conduct.
In early examples prob. transf. from sense 1.
a1300Cursor M. 1578 Wimmen þai forced a-mang þaim, Was nan þam moght bring to reclaim. 1494Fabyan Chron. vii. 395 He..buylded newe the cytie & castell of Beau Maryse, and broughte the vnsteadfast Walshman to newe reclayme. 1582N. T. (Rhem.) Pref. 11 For the better preseruation or reclaime of many good souls endangered thereby. 1598B. Jonson Ev. Man in Hum. i. i, I see you are e'en past hope Of all reclaim. a1656Hales Gold. Rem. i. (1673) 96 Let him examine his own conscience, and impartially sift all the manner of his reclaim. 1891J. Aitchison Signa Christi vi. 225 [Christ is] the real Originator of societies for reclaim of the fallen.
b. The reclamation of land.
1799J. Robertson Agric. Perth 421 While the country underwent the work of reclaim.
†3. A challenge, protest. Obs. rare.
c1440Promp. Parv. 425/2 Recleyme, or chalange, clameum, vendicacio. c1449Pecock Repr. iii. xvi. 386 He him silf mai it lette bi the reclaime..which he mai make.
†4. The act of claiming back. Obs. rare.
1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 417 b, Fridericke maketh reclaime to hys landes. 1609Bible (Douay) Judg. xi. 26 Wherfore have you so long attempted nothing for reclaime?
II.
5. = reclaimed rubber.
1935Dawson & Porritt Rubber 208/2 Although reclaim as compared with new rubber definitely leads to inferior mechanical properties in vulcanisates,..it has important applications in rubbers where mechanical strength and abrasion resistance are of secondary significance. 1954H. J. Stern Rubber vi. 200 Small differences in temperature from one part of the rubber to the other greatly affect the uniformity of the reclaims. 1971R. Singleton in C. M. Blow Rubber Technol. & Manufacture vi. 207 First-quality reclaim made from whole tyres contains about 45% rubber hydrocarbon by weight. The remaining 55% consists of valuable carbon black, a little mineral filler, and softeners.
▪ II. reclaim, v.|rɪˈkleɪm|
Forms: see claim v.
[ad. OF. reclamer, † reclaimer (12th c.):—L. reclāmāre to cry out against, contradict, also to re-echo: see re- and claim v.]
I. trans.
†1.
a. Falconry. To call back (a hawk which has been let fly). Obs.
In some cases not easily distinguished from sense 3.
a1300Cursor M. 3530 Hauk es eth, als i here say, To reclaym þat has tint his pray. 1390Gower Conf. II. 285 Fulofte he faileth of his game That wol with ydel hand reclame His hauk. c1477Caxton Jason 126 The kyng..came into this gardyne for to reclayme a sperhawke of his. 1600Surflet Countrie Farme vii. xliii. 872 To reclaime and bring them to the lure. 1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v., The spar-hawk, gos-hawk, &c. are reclaimed with the voice, the falcon only by shaking the lure.
transf.c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 72 Morkar recleymed es [F. est reclamé], as es þe faukon fre. c1386Chaucer Manciple's Prol. 72 Another day he wole..Reclayme thee, and brynge thee to lure. c1460Sir R. Ros La Belle Dame 634 Þaire bysy hertes passen to and fro, þai be so wele reclaymed to the lure.
†b. To call back; to recall. Obs.
1596Spenser F.Q. v. xii. 9 Willed him for to reclayme with speed His scattred people, ere they all were slaine. 1597Beard Theatre God's Judgem. (1612) 223 When..he oppressed the people with exactions, and was reclaimed home. a1700Dryden (J.), The head-strong horses hurried Octavius..along, and were deaf to his reclaiming them. 1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v., The partridge is also said to reclaim her young ones, when she calls them together upon their scattering too much from her.
fig.1590Greene Mourn. Garm. (1616) B iv, Knowing young wits were wandring, he began to reclaime him thus.
†c. To restrain, check, hold back. Obs.
a1529Skelton Agst. Garnesche iv. 105 Auaunt, rybawde, thi tung reclame! 1596Danett tr. Comines (1614) 319 Then the Duke vsed to reclaime vs, saying ho, one to one. 1633T. Stafford Pac. Hib. i. iii. (1810) 51 They would reclaime themselves and their followers from committing any outrage. 1700Prior Carmen Sec. 292 Is her tow'ring Flight reclaim'd By Seas from Icarus' Downfall nam'd?
†d. To recall, withdraw (a statement); to revoke. Obs. rare.
1615T. Adams Two Sonnes Wks. (1630) 425 Let vs reclaime our impudent and refractory renegations. 1639Drummond of Hawthornden Memorials of State Wks. (1711) 129 If Henry VI...would..have reclaimed the approbation..of Richard duke of York. 1670W. Simpson Hydrol. Ess. 76 What I have said..I find no reason to reclaim.
2. a. To recall, bring back (a person or animal) from a wrong course of action, etc., to a proper state. † Also const. of.
The first quot. may rather belong to sense 3.
1390Gower Conf. III. 277 Adam and Eve..hem aschamed, Til that nature hath hem reclamed To love. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 2368 Cuthbert wayued his hand on þaim, Fra ryuyng of thak þaim to reclaym. 1565Jewel Def. Apol. (1611) 362 Luther..did write maruellous vehemently and sharply against them, and reclaimed them home to peace and obedience. 1581Mulcaster Positions xxxv. (1887) 126 If the soule it selfe be reclaymed from follie. 1633P. Fletcher Purple Isl. i. xlix, Being one soon into two he framed it, And now made two, to one again reclaimed it. 1681–6J. Scott Chr. Life (1747) III. 2 A Man..may upon due Consideration..reclaim himself to a very pious and virtuous Life. 1686R. Blome Gentl. Recreat. II. 38 In a little time this will Reclaim her of that Roaveing Kytish-trick. 1798Ferriar Illustr. Sterne, etc. vi. 165 A young man, who was reclaimed from a very dissolute course of life. 1841Lane Arab. Nts. I. 74 So was he reclaimed to a sense of his duty. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. v. I. 624 Henrietta had reclaimed him from a life of vice.
b. To call back from wrong-doing or error; to bring back to the right way; to reform.
1577J. Northbrooke Dicing (1843) 77, I am glad to heare this of you, that you are so reclaimed. 1610Willet Hexapla Dan. 361 Such an one was Saul, that would by no meanes be reclaymed. a1680Butler Rem. (1759) I. 70 Like the Plagues of ægypt, meant a Curse, Not to reclaim us, but to make us worse. 1742–3Johnson's Parl. Deb. (1811) II. 360 We shall give those, who have accustomed themselves to this liquor, time to reclaim their appetites. 1779–81Johnson L.P., Addison (1868) 234 Addison..had very diligently endeavoured to reclaim him. 1819T. B. Johnson Shooter's Comp. 85 [Young dogs] if they are suffered to acquire any bad habits..will be with great difficulty reclaimed. 1831S. E. Ferrier Destiny v, Employing the industrious,..or reclaiming the wicked.
refl.1586A. Day Eng. Secretary i. (1625) 54 As a yong man I went astray I grant, but..I reclaimed my selfe ere I fell. 1609T. Morton Answ. Higgins 26 Do you not also see how he reclaimeth himselfe, and accordeth vnto the common opinion?
absol.1667Milton P.L. vi. 791 They hard'nd more by what might most reclame,..at the sight Took envie.
c. To win back, win over (again). Also with inf. rare.
1587Turberv. Trag. T. 35 No loue deuise, no iewels fet from farre, Could so reclaime this noble Ladies minde. 1622Bacon Hen. VII 11 Fit also to reclaime them to know him for their King, whom they had so lately talked of as an Enimie. 1853C. Brontë Villette xx, Once alienated, [I doubt] whether he were ever to be reclaimed.
d. To put right, to remedy, correct, amend (something wrong, an error, fault, etc.). rare.
1596Bacon Max. & Uses Com. Law Pref., In deciding of doubts, and..in reclaiming vulgar errors. 1622― Hen. VII 17 By his presence..to reclayme and rectifie those humours. 1742–3Johnson's Parl. Deb. (1811) II. 398 The same provisions by which the vices of our own people are to be reclaimed. 1849Alison Hist. Europe I. iii. §74. 332 In these abuses, which we have a right to reclaim, will be found a mine of riches.
3. a. To reduce to obedience, tame, subdue (an animal, esp. a hawk, also rarely a person).
The legal term for reducing animals feræ naturæ to domestication (see quot. 1766).
1390Gower Conf. III. 366, I thoghte thanne how love is swete, Which hath so wise men reclamed. c1440Promp. Parv. 425/2 Recleymyn', or make tame, domo. 1486Bk. St. Albans, a iij, The same night after the fedyng, wake her all nyght.., then shee will be preui Inowgh to be reclamed. 1530Palsgr. 681/1 He was the stoburnest boye that ever I sawe, but I have reclaymed hym. 1579Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 41 Though the Fawlcon be reclaimed to the fist, she retyreth to hir haggardnesse. 1607Markham Caval. ii. ix. 102 This course of reclaiming a horse by gentlenesse..I have found much to auaile. 1632Massinger Maid of Hon. ii. ii, Camiola. I am still myself, and will be. Fulgentio. A proud haggard, And not to be reclaimed! 1737Stackhouse Hist. Bible ii. i. (1752) I. 150/2 Such Creatures as are immorigerous, we have found out Expedients to reclaim. 1766Blackstone Comm. II. xxv. 391 A qualified property may subsist in animals feræ naturæ, per industriam hominis; by a man's reclaiming and making them tame by art, industry, and education. 1852R. F. Burton Falconry in Valley Indus vi. 71 Allowing a week or ten days for reclaiming the bird.
†b. To keep the growth of (wood or trees) within bounds. Obs.
1601Holland Pliny xvii. xxii, By this means also the wood is reclaimed and repressed from running out in length beyond all measure. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. ii. 86 Much labour is requir'd in Trees, to tame Their wild disorder, and in ranks reclaim.
c. To remove (rude qualities) by means of instruction or culture; to bring (savage people) to a state of civilization.
1760Goldsm. Cit. W. lxxv, Savage rusticity is reclaimed by oral admonition alone. 1844Lingard Anglo-Sax. Ch. (1858) I. Pref. 6 By religion they were reclaimed from savage life. 1865Reader 12 Aug. 180/1 A fair field,..with no aborigines to be protected or reclaimed.
d. To bring (waste land, or land formerly covered by water) under, or into a fit state for, cultivation.
1764Museum Rust. I. 370 The plain reason, why potatoes are an excellent crop for reclaiming land. 1808J. Walker Hist. Hebrides I. 162 There has..been more wild land in Scotland, reclaimed by means of lime, than by any other manure. 1874Green Short Hist. viii. §5. 503 A great scheme was set on foot for reclaiming the Fens. 1903G. B. Shaw Man & Superman p. xi, Far beyond mere lovemaking into politics, high art, schemes for reclaiming new continents from the ocean. 1922Joyce Ulysses 68 Reclaim the whole place. Grow peas in that corner there. 1943J. S. Huxley TVA vi. 30 Gullied and badly eroding land reclaimed in the Valley. 1966Listener 26 May 751/2 You could take advantage of this fact by reclaiming a large area of the Wash itself.
e. To recover (rubber) for reuse by freeing it from impurities and rendering it plastic again; more widely, to make (re)usable (what has been used or rendered unusable). Also absol.
1895Sci. Amer. 26 Oct. 267/1 Methods of reclaiming rubber. 1898India-Rubber & Gutta-Percha & Electr. Trades' Jrnl. XVI. 184/1 Prior to that time [sc. 1870] the use of rubber reclaimed from fibrous wastes had been confined practically to one large factory in Boston and one near New York. 1937H. Barron Mod. Rubber Chem. xxi. 254 Miller carried out four cycles of reclaiming starting from a reclaim. That is, he vulcanised, reclaimed, added sulphur, revulcanized, reclaimed, etc. 1937Iron Age 5 Aug. 38/3 Many new parts of Monel rendered unserviceable as a result of being turned undersize or bored oversize in the process of manufacture are readily reclaimed by spraying. 1962A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio vi. 113 The tape is finally wiped and reclaimed. 1970[see reclamation 2 d]. 1972P. W. Allen Natural Rubber & Synthetics v. 121 About 90 per cent of the world's supply of new rubbers is not reclaimed but ends up as unwanted waste products. 1976Conservation News Nov./Dec. 18/2 It cost twice as much to reclaim bottles as it did to buy new ones. 1977Lancashire Life Dec. 92/4 It is particularly annoying to see stones from old property bulldozed aside instead of being reclaimed for future use.
4.
†a. Sc. To make a claim against (one), to sue at law. Obs. rare.
1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 92 Quhethir..he may lefully recover apon him be were his thing, gif he may reclame him in jugement. Ibid. 168 Thai quite clamand him in time tocum, to nocht reclame him of thai gudis.
b. To claim the restoration of, to demand or take back (a person or thing).
In later use properly a new formation on re- 5 a and claim v. with distinct pron. of the prefix |riː-|.
1530in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford (1880) 91 Hys Mr..desyred to have hym reclaymed of the Maire. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. iii. 48 So shall the Briton blood their crowne agayn reclame. 1701Lond. Gaz. No. 3758/7 Captain Arena,..being reclaimed by the Imperial Ambassador, was set at Liberty. 1760–72H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) III. 94 Reclaiming the bar,..he threw it to a length..judged to exceed my cast. 1835Marryat Pacha Many T. iii, To make a note of any particular marks upon the children by which they might be eventually reclaimed. 1872Swinburne Ess. & Stud. (1875) 27 In vain he reclaimed for Paris, in the face of Versailles, the right of municipal self-government.
fig.1875Blackmore Alice Lorraine III. vi. 94 This cold resistless flood calmly reclaimed its ancient channel.
†5.
a. To call repeatedly upon. (In Caxton only.)
1481Caxton Myrr. iii. xii. 159 Thise thre bountees reclayme alle crysten men. 1491― Vitas Patr. i. xxxvi. (1495) 37 a/1 The name of god was reclamed and named in al townes and cytees.
†b. To proclaim. Obs. rare.
a1529Skelton Bk. 3 Foles Wks. 1843 I. 202 If that I am beloued of dyuers persons whiche reclaymeth mee good and vertuous. 1565Knox Serm. Wks. 1864 VI. 265 Stil to reclayme Him to be our God..is the greatest victorie of faith.
†c. To re-echo, return (a sound). Obs.—1
1590Greene Mourn. Garm. (1616) E ij, Melt to teares, poure out thy plaints, let Eccho reclame them.
†6. To cry out, or protest, against (a thing or person); to gainsay, reject. Obs.
1634Canne Necess. Separ. (1849) 94 Your consciences reclaimeth not the wearing of such garments: but many thousand both godly and learned are otherwise persuaded. 1650Fuller Pisgah ii. viii. §3 Herod..in stead of reclaiming what they exclaimed, imbraced and hug'd their praises as proper to himself.
II. intr.
7. a. To exclaim, protest. Now rare.
c1440Promp. Parv. 425/2 Recleymyn', or wythe seyn,..reclamo. a1471Fortescue Title of House of York Wks. (1869) 500 Kinge Henry..was annoynted and crouned.., no man reclaiminge. 1549Coverdale, etc. Erasm. Par. Heb. xi. 20 She gave no eare to nature reclaming and harking to the contrarie. 1579Fulke Confut. Sanders 680 All the Bishops..subscribed and allowed all that had bene saide.., and no man reclamed. 1719Waterland Vind. Christ's Div. viii, Scripture reclaims; and the whole Catholick Church reclaims; and Christian Ears would not bear it. 1869Browning Ring & Bk. viii. 354 We could reclaim,—..But no,—we'll take it as spontaneously Confessed.
b. Const. against, † at, † to.
c1449Pecock Repr. iii. xvii. 398 That y..am stille in not reclaymyng aȝens the trust neither aȝens the ȝifte. 1534Cranmer Let. to Cromwell in Misc. Writ. (Parker Soc.) II. 286, I think there is not one..that would once reclaim against it. 1565Knox Serm. Wks. 1864 VI. 262 Began to call [it] in doubte..bicause that naturall judgement..reclaymed thereto. 1604W. Hubbocke Orat. Grat. K. James 9 Every one acclaming to it, no man reclaiming at it. 1699Bentley Phal. 60 The whole Context in Dionysius reclaims against this Emendation. 1769Blackstone Comm. IV. xiii. 164 In Northern countries, the very nature of the climate seems to reclaim against it. 1818Jefferson Writ. (1830) IV. 308 He wrote to reclaim against an expression of Mr. Wirt's. 1875Ullathorne Gladstone's Expost. Unrav. 70 Against which act..we..loudly reclaim, in like manner as, on other occasions, we have protested against like attempts.
c. With obj. clause. To declare or say in protest.
c1449Pecock Repr. iii. xviii. 398 If y theraȝens reclame or proteste for me and hem, that y..wole be fre. 1714Eusden To Ld. Halifax in Steele Poet. Misc. 192 Where are the Flights, (true Criticks may reclaim) The Heat, the Force, and Fancy..? 1846W. H. Mill Five Serm. (1848) 26 Will not experience bitterly reclaim, that from this consideration..the gloomiest answer only can follow.
d. Sc. Law. To appeal; now spec. from a judgement of the Lord Ordinary to the Inner House of the Court of Session.
1578–9Reg. Privy Council Scot. Ser. i. III. 109 The said decreet..fra the quhilk the said Dame Grissell hes reclamit. 1666–88Dallas Syst. Stiles (1697) 455 By the saids Acts, their is a Provision and Salvo for the Defender to Reclaim and make Application to the Lords in case of unjustice of the Judge. 1709Act Sederunt 9 July, Act anent Interloquitors in the Outter-house, and Bills reclaiming against them. 1752McDouall Inst. Laws Scot. iv. xxxvi. II. 676 Parties are presumed to acquiesce to the judgments of the ordinary, when they do not reclaim to the lords. 1884Law Times LXXVI. 333/1 The trustees have reclaimed against the recent interlocutor of Lord Fraser.
†8. To call out, cry loudly. Obs. rare.
1647W. Browne Polexander iv. iv. 297 The voice flying into aire, I call'd a long time to intreat it to instruct me... But I re-claim'd in vain. a1700Dryden Iliad i. 294 One whisper'd soft, and one aloud reclaim'd.
†9.
a. To draw back; to recant. Obs. rare.
1596Spenser F.Q. vi. iii. 43 Yet would he not perswaded be for ought, Ne from his currish will a whit reclame. 1604T. Wright Passions (1620) 310 Why may they not as well reclayme again, as they did before?
†b. To reform. Obs.
1625B. Spenser Vox Civitatis 2, I wish you to reclaime, repent, beleeue. 1742Richardson Pamela III. 47 If he was in earnest to reclaim. 1757E. Griffith Lett. Henry & Frances (1767) I. 242 Few of such creatures ever reclaim of themselves; but..die without repentance. |