| 释义 |
▪ I. ‖ trochilus1 Ornith.|ˈtrɒkɪləs|
Also erron. 7–9 troculus, 8 trochulus.
[L. trochilus, a. Gr. τροχίλος, f. τρέχειν to run.]
1. A small Egyptian bird (not certainly identified) said by the ancients to pick the teeth of the crocodile. Also allusively (in quot. 1856 attrib.).
1579Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 44 The birde Trochilus lyueth by the mouth of the Crocodile and is not spoyled. 1596Lodge Marg. Amer. (Hunter Cl.) 48 Why the swanne hateth the sparrow, the eagle the Trochilus, the asse the bee [etc.]. 1615G. Sandys Trav. ii. 100 A little bird called Troculus, doth feede her selfe by the picking of his teeth. a1658Cleveland Char. Country-Comm.-Man Wks. (1687) 74 So the poor Souldiers live like Trochilus, by picking the Teeth of this sacred Crocodile. 1856R. A. Vaughan Mystics (1860) II. ix. iii. 134 This troculus service—the picking the teeth of the gorged ecclesiastical crocodile. 1910Thompson tr. Aristotle's Hist. Anim. 612 When the crocodile yawns, the trochilus flies into his mouth and cleans his teeth.
2. An alleged name for some species of wren, or other small European bird.
[1678Ray Willughby's Ornithol. ii. xi. 227 The golden⁓crown'd Wren: Regulus cristatus... The Trochilus of Pliny and Aristotle.] 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Trochilus, the fin-footed Runner; a Bird so call'd because it always runs; a Wren.
3. A Linnæan genus of American birds, originally including all the then known humming-birds; now greatly restricted.
In first quot. app. used for some other small bird.
1672J. Josselyn New Eng. Rarities 7 The Troculus, a small bird, black and white, no bigger than a Swallow. 1752J. Hill Hist. Anim. 502 The gold and purple Trochilus. The yellow Humming-bird. 1796Stedman Surinam II. xxv. 219 The trochulus, or humming-birds, were so thick among the tamarind-trees, that they resembled a swarm of bees.
▪ II. ‖ ˈtrochilus2 Arch.
Also 7–8 anglicized as trochile |ˈtrəʊkaɪl|.
[L., app. the same word as prec.: cf. Gr. τροχιλία the sheaf of a pulley.]
A concave moulding; = scotia, casement 1: esp. in classical architecture.
1563Shute Archit. D iij, The nethermost Trochilus or Scotia. 1664Evelyn tr. Freart's Archit. 125 Trochile is that cavity appearing next to the Torus. 1789P. Smyth tr. Aldrich's Archit. (1818) 117 At Tivoli, the ends of the channels and the cavity of the trochile or casement are not round but square. 1842–76Gwilt Archit. Gloss., Trochilus,..an annular moulding whose section is concave like the edge of a pulley..more commonly called a scotia. 1845Parker Gloss. Archit. 330 Scotia, or Trochilus, a hollow moulding constantly used in the bases of columns, &c., in classical architecture. |