| 释义 |
▪ I. gage, n.1|geɪdʒ|
Also 6 gauge, gayge, guage, 6–7 gadge.
[a. OF. g(u)age (F. gage) masc. = Pr. gage-s, Sp., Pg. gage, It. gaggio:—Rom. *gwadjo, a. OTeut. *wadjom: see wed. The OF. variant wa(i)ge was adopted in the form wage.]
1. Something of value deposited to ensure the performance of some action, and liable to forfeiture in case of non-performance; a pawn, pledge, security.
1457Lichfield Gild Ord. (1890) 19 Poore men dwelling within the citie aboueseid.. may be releeved by a sufficient gage or pledge leyd in-to the seyd cofre for borowing mony of the same. 1513–4Act 5 Hen. VIII, c. 1 He shal..bring in sufficient gage and plegge..into the Kynges Court of Chauncerie or els to remayn in warde. 1614Raleigh Hist. World iv. i. §1. 160 He also left Philip..for the gage of his promises to Pelopidas. 1690Locke Hum. Und. iv. xix. Wks. 1714 I. 330 The Arguments that gain it Assent are the Vouchers and Gage of its Probability to us. 1765H. Walpole Otranto iii. (1798) 52 ‘Here take my gage’ [a ring]. 1768Blackstone Comm. iii. xix, The sheriff is commanded to attach him, by taking gage, that is certain of his goods which he shall forfeit if he doth not appear. 1867Ouida C. Castlemaine (1879) 15 This shall be my gage, that I may speak.
b. In phrases, at gage, (to deliver, give, leave) in gage, (to lay, lie, sweep) to gage, (to give) under gage, upon gage; also in gage of.
1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccliii. 375 The towne of Doway and Lisle delyuered in gage for money, yt [etc.]. 1534― Gold. Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) Z iv b, We put our lyfe in daunger, and lay our honour to gauge. 1560Randolph in Froude Hist. Eng. (1881) VI. 409 Was fain to leave his saffron shirt in gage. 1563–87Foxe A. & M. (1596) 1661/1, I will lay my gowne to gage. 1565–73Cooper Thesaurus, Bona praedia, gages: goodes lying to gage. 1573Tusser Husb. xciv. (1878) 185 Ill huswiferie sweepeth her linnen to gage. 1579Fenton Guicciard. ii. (1599) 92 Thirty thousand duckats..giuen vnder gage of the kings iewels. 1579–80North Plutarch (1676) 71 The common people..borrowed Money..upon gage of their bodies to serve it out. 1593Drayton Sheph. Garl. iii. iv, Learned Collin laies his pipe to gage. 1638Sir R. Cotton Abstr. Rec. Tower 9 When his owne were at gage, he [etc.]. 1853Merivale Rom. Rep. viii. (1867) 234 Appealing to his birth, rank, and aristocratic sentiments, in gage of his loyalty.
2. spec. A pledge (usually a glove thrown on the ground) of a person's appearance to do battle in support of his assertions. Hence, a challenge. Also gage of battle.
13..K. Alis. 7236 He with-seith alle homage; And sendeth you, by sonde, gage. c1450Lonelich Grail lii. 865 Thanne Sire Piers, that was so dowhty A knyht..Aȝens kyng Marahaus put his Gage. 1483Caxton G. de la Tour H iv, He accused one of treason the whiche anone casted his gage of bataylle unto hym. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccci. 445 Caste downe your gage in that quarell, and ye shall fynde him that shall take it vp. 1590Greene Orl. Fur. Wks. (Rtldg.) 91/2, I will pawn my honour to his gage, He shall ere night be met and combated. 1600Fairfax Tasso v. lviii, There take my gage, behold I offer it To him that first accus'd him in this cause. 1828Scott F.M. Perth vi, A gauntlet flung down is a gage of knightly battle. 1857Kingsley Two Y. Ago (1877) 55 He was going to throw down a very ugly gage of battle.
fig.1890Boldrewood Col. Reformer (1891) 315 He was very loath to retreat from any gage of battle thus produced.
†3. pl. Sc. [prob. a late adoption of F. gages in the same sense.] Wages. on the gages of: in the pay of. Obs. rare.
1562Acts Sederunt 2 Mar. (1790) 5 To haife the said College [of Justice] eiked the nowmer of six, and in the meyn tyme, the gauges to be eiked and augmentit. 1563–7Buchanan Reform. St. Andros Wks. (1892) 14 The principal sal deduce sa mekle of hys gagis to be vsit to the common profet of the college. Ibid. 16 That na idle person be haldin on the gagis or expensis of the vniuersite.
4. attrib. and Comb., as gage-place, gage-selling, gage-thrower; gage-like adj.
1847Tennyson Princ. v. 170 She..flung defiance down *Gagelike to man.
1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. vii. §13 The Castles of Rockesbrough and Berwicke, cautionarie Castles, or *gage places (for part of his ransome) should be restored.
c1530Ld. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 87 Marye, madame, this lady payeth wythout anye *gage sellyng [F sans gage vendre].
1893Westm. Gaz. 20 Dec. 3/1 Here was the opener, the *gage thrower in the lists, declaring that he was no party champion.
▪ II. gage, n.2 slang.|geɪdʒ|
[perh. f. gage n.1, the sense being ‘enough to pledge any one with’, or var. gauge, a measure.]
1. A quart pot; a quart pot full.
c1440Promp. Parv. 186 Gage, lytylle belle (S. lytyll bolle). 1567Harman Caveat (1879) 34 A gage of bowse, whiche is a quarte pot of drinke. 1622Fletcher Beggar's Bush iii. iii, I crown thy nab with a gage of benebowse. 1652Broome Jov. Crew ii. F iv b, I bowse no Lage but a whole Gage Of this I'll bowse to you. 1708J. Hall Mem. 20 Gage, a pot. 1785Grose Dict. Vulg. Tongue, Gage, a quart pot, also a pint, (cant).
2. A pipe; a pipeful (of tobacco).
1676in Coles. a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Gage, a Pot or Pipe. Tip me a Gage, give me a Pot or Pipe. 1834[see fogus].
▪ III. gage, n.3|geɪdʒ|
= greengage.
1888Daily News 10 Sept. 7/1 Plums, with their congeners, damsons and gages, were but little thought of.
▪ IV. gage, v.|geɪdʒ|
Also 6 gagie, guage, gauge, gayge, 7 gaige.
[ad. F. gager in same sense, or aphetic form of engage, to which it corresponds in several senses.]
†1. trans. To pledge or pawn; to mortgage the revenues of (a country). = engage v. 1. Obs.
1474Caxton Chesse iii. v. (1481) G vij, They began..to axe and demande of her the besaunt that they had geuen to her. And she answerd That hit was holden and gaged vpon an ymage. 1555Eden Decades 243 The emperoure..gagied the Malucas & the spicerie to the kynge of Portugale. 1579–80North Plutarch (1676) 579 Hast thou not Plate, and Apparel to sell or gage or help him to some? 1592Stow Ann. 1380. 443 Sir Iohn Philpot..released the armour which the souldiers had gaged for their victuals.
absol.1555W. Watreman Fardle Facions App. 337 If he that hath gauged be a manne of substaunce: lette the creditour keep the gauge vntill the restitucion of the lone be made.
†b. To give a pledge for; to undertake to make. Obs.—1
1622Callis Stat. Sewers (1824) 232 Neither would the Court order the defendant to gage deliverance.
†c. to gage battle: to pledge oneself to judicial combat. Cf. F. gager bataille. Obs. (Cf. wage v.)
1586J. Ferne Blazon Gentrie 77 If one gentleman shall detract from the honor of another..let combate be guaged. 1600Tate in Gutch Coll. Cur. I. 8 Battel personal gaged betwixt the subjects of one kingdom in criminal causes. 1620J. Wilkinson Coroners & Sherifes 22 The defendant shall not gage battel in such appeales.
2. To stake, wager; to risk, bet. Obs. or arch.
1599Jas. I βασιλ. Δωρον (1603) iii. 124 Only to gage so much of his owne money, as he pleaseth, vpon the hazarde of the running of the cardes. 1602Shakes. Ham. i. i. 91 Against the which, a Moity competent Was gaged by our King. 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 67 Assailed by the Christians, with such furie, as if they had thereon purposed to gage their whole forces. 1750Hodges Chr. Plan (1755) 51 Doing the same, as if he had staked or gaged his seventh, i.e. all his hopes of the divine vision. 1814Scott Ld. of Isles ii. vii, And 'gainst an oaken bough I'll gage my silver wand of state.
b. fig. To pledge, offer as a guarantee or forfeit (one's head, life, etc.). (Cf. engage v. 2.)
a1529Skelton Vox Populi xiii. 11 My hed I hold and gage, There wylbe greate outrage. 1573Essex in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. ii. III. 32 To all which pointes I gage myne honour and faith. 1583Stubbes Anat. Abuses 1 (1877) 112 That thei would paie hym, or els thei would guage their neckes. 1599Warn. Faire Wom. i. 279, I will gage my hand, Few women can my mistress force withstand. 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 10 The clergiemen that had before for his safetie gaged their faith. 1633Ford 'Tis Pity v. iii, This feast, I'll gage my life, Is but a plot to train you to your ruin. 1876G. W. Cox Gen. Hist. Greece iv. i. 510 A guide sent to them by the headman of this place gaged his life as a forfeit if he failed.
†3. To bind as by a formal promise. Obs. (Cf. engage v. 4.)
1489Plumpton Corr. p. xcviii, You have ministered unto us cause, as gaged to remember you in time to come. 1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. v. i. 46 Heere is a Letter from Queene Hecuba, A token from her daughter..Both taxing me, and gaging me to keepe An Oath that I haue sworne.
4. intr. for refl. To assert on one's own responsibility that. (Cf. engage v. 6.)
1811W. R. Spencer Poems 19, I gage, though long our way, and drear, We reach our nuptial bed to day. 1865J. Ballantine Poems 24 The other wore the crown of age, But a brighter one she found, I gage.
†5. trans. To fix or fasten in or upon. Obs. (Cf. engage v. 11 b.)
1703Moxon Mech. Exerc. 192 The further or open side of the Male-screw is gaged in, or pin'd on the Female-screw with a wooden Pin thrust through two opposite Holes. Ibid. 228 This Neck is..gaged in the Shackle.
†6. To bind or entangle in. Cf. engage v. 13.
1596Shakes. Merch. V. i. i. 130 The great debts Wherein my time something too prodigall Hath left me gag'd.
Hence gaged ppl. a., ˈgaging vbl. n., in senses of the vb.
1555Eden Decades 244 margin, The gageing of the Ilands of malucas. 1586J. Ferne Blaz. Gentrie 153 Gaging of single battaile. 1602Warner Alb. Eng. xii. lxxv. (1612) 312 Elenor..did tell The circumstances of her Ring..And shewes the gaged Tablet.
▪ V. gage, gager
obs. forms of gauge, gauger. |