| 释义 |
▪ I. gallop, n.|ˈgæləp|
Also 6 galop(pe; and see wallop n. and galop.
[a. OF. galop (app. f. galoper to gallop), which is found from the 11th c. onwards, in early instances generally in the plural as acc. with verbs of motion (vint les galops, Chan. de Rol. 731). The word first appears in English in the 16th c.; but the ONF. form *walop had been adopted in ME., and was used in the sense of ‘gallop’ as late as c 1480.]
1. a. The most rapid movement of a horse (occas. of other quadrupeds), in which in the course of each stride the animal is entirely off the ground, with the legs flexed under the body. In early use chiefly as descriptive addition to a verb. Phr. † to ride (a) gallop: now at (formerly also on, upon, in, with) a gallop.
1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. lxi. 83 The frenchmen euer rode a great Galoppe towarde the bridge. 1553Brende Q. Curtius N vij, He caused them put spores to their horses, and passed forwardes a gallop. 1570Levins Manip. 169/27 A Gallop, extensus cursus. 1600J. Lane Tom Teltroth (1876) 126 The first rides gallop into miserie. 1645Sir H. Slingsby Diary (1836) 176 Our horse, upon a Gallop wth out once drawing up, advanceth toward ym. 1723Lond. Gaz. No. 6228/3 He goes in a little Gallop very easy. 1782Cowper Gilpin 87 That trot became a gallop soon In spite of curb and rein. 1814S. Rogers in Mem. T. Moore (1856) VIII. 186 Our horses were almost always in a gallop. 1832Regul. Instr. Cavalry ii. 16 The gallop to be eleven miles an hour. 1840Dickens Barn. Rudge ii, He was hurrying on at the same furious gallop which had been his pace when the locksmith first encountered him. 1859Musketry Instr. 29 If an object fired at be moving, whether it be a man walking or a horse at a gallop. 1873Muybridge Descr. Zoopraxography 37 The gallop is the most rapid method of quadrupedal motion; in its action the feet are independently brought to the ground; the spring into the air as in the canter is effected from a fore foot, and the landing upon the diagonal hind-foot.
b. A ride at this pace.
1602Warner Alb. Eng. ix. xlvii. (1612) 220 Swift gallops tier both man and horse. 1678Butler Hud. iii. iii. 365 Led his troops with furious gallops, To charge whole regiments of scallops. 1826Disraeli Viv. Grey ii. xi, Vivian rode out alone..to cure his melancholy by a gallop. 1891E. Peacock N. Brendon I. 242 The long gallop had done Narcissa good.
c. A track designed or suited for the galloping or exercising of horses.
1848Trollope Kellys & O'Kellys II. ii. 45 They've proper gallops there, which we haven't. 1923in F. Siltzer Newmarket App. 269 Horses not completing the full length of a gallop..must at once walk off the gallop to the nearest Walking Ground. 1927Times 6 July 10/5 Scotland Lodge Estate, 1,009 acres,..including the residence, stud farm, and gallops. 1935Proc. Prehist. Soc. I. 16 Along the main ridge of the spur..is a broad gallop. 1971Country Life 18 Feb. 381/4 Had anyone been out on the Newmarket gallops earlier..they would have seen him at work tirelessly.
2. transf. and fig.
1651N. Bacon Disc. Govt. ii. xvi. (1739) 85 The Duke of York, and other Lords, not liking this gallop, endeavour to stop her pace. 1693Dryden Juvenal (1697) p. lxiii, Horace is always on the amble, Juvenal on the gallop..He goes with more impetuosity than Horace. 1705Vanbrugh Confed. i. i, Heav'n shield, I say; but Dick's upon the Gallop. 1768–74Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 428 Writing off a gallop and furnishing sheets for the press faster than they could be printed off. 1878Stevenson Inland Voy. 162 In wide sweeps, and with a swift and equable gallop, the ceaseless stream of water visits and makes green the fields. 1894R. C. Leslie Waterbiog. xiii. 237 A fast powerful boat becomes as necessary to a man..as a good horse. In her, with a fresh breeze, he can always enjoy..a few hours' gallop over the nearest stretch of broad salt water.
3. With defining word.
a. false gallop: orig. a canter; now only fig.
b. full gallop: the extreme pace of which a horse is capable; also used adv. = ‘at full gallop’; also fig.
c. snail's gallop: jocularly used for an extremely slow pace.
†d. gallop galliard [F. galop gaillard] (see quot.).
See also hand-gallop, and Canterbury gallop under Canterbury A 2.
a.a1533Ld. Berners Huon ci. 335 By the counsell of Huon they returnyd a fause galop [orig. les petis galoys] towardes theyr cyte. 1587Sadler De procreandis, etc. equis v. C ij a, Nouerit plene equus a succussatura, ad celeriorem paulo progressum, a celeriore ad citatiorem cursum ascendere [etc.]..At, vt clare anglice dicam: my meaning is that your horse know thorowly from his trot, to rise to his false gallope, from his false gallope yet to a swifter, and then from this swifter to descend to his false gallope, and trot againe, by turnes. 1593Nashe Apol. P. Pennilesse D i b, I would trot a false gallop through the rest of his ragged Verses, but that if I should retort the rime dogrell aright, I must make my verses (as he doth his) run hobling [etc.]. 1599Shakes. Much Ado iii. iv. 94 What pace is this that thy tongue keepes? Not a false gallop. 1600― A.Y.L. iii. ii. 119 This is the verie false gallop of verses. 1617Moryson Itin. iii. ii. i. 60 Hee may not ride these a false gallop, as they vse to ride post-horses, for if he that receiues the horse, can find..that hee hath ridden an extraordinarye pace, hee shall pay ten soulz. 1635Quarles Embl. i. v. (1718) 23 Lust is a sharp spur to vice, which always putteth the affections into a false gallop.
b.1569T. Underdown Ovid agst. Ibis I iv b, Curtius, to deliuer the city, all armed vppon a goodly courser, with a full galloppe rode into the same. 1709Mrs. D. Manley Secret Mem. (1736) II. 135 He saw the Duke..riding upon a full Gallop. 1733Swift Answ. Sheridan's Simile 118 When Jove would some fair nymph inveigle, He comes full gallop on his eagle. 1791Mrs. Radcliffe Rom. Forest xi, Coming now to a more open part of the forest, he set on a full gallop. 1797M. Robinson Walsingham II. 50, I was awakened..by the sound of a horse's hoofs, which advanced on full gallop. 1810Wellington Let. 11 Nov. in Gurw. Desp. (1838) VI. 613 To remind your friends in the Cortes that they should not always go full gallop. 1828Scott F.M. Perth xxxii, A body of horsemen advancing at full gallop. 1896Daily News 16 Oct. 6/4 These letters of Magee's, written off, as it were, at full gallop..are among the very best in the English language.
attrib.1803M. Charlton Wife & Mistress I. 11 She declined this kind of full-gallop charge, for gentler and more promising manœuvre.
c.1707J. Stevens tr. Quevedo's Com. Wks. (1709) 398 A Physician riding along on his Mule, a Snails Gallop. 1791‘G. Gambado’ Ann. Horsem. iv. (1809) 84 Neither whip nor spur can get him out of a snail's gallop.
d.1611Cotgr., Galop gaillard, the Gallop Galliard; or..one pace, and a leape. 1614Markham Cheap Husb. i. ii. (1668) 28 At the end of every third or fourth advancing..make him bound aloft; then put him to his corvet again..and then make him bound again; and thus at the end of every third advancing make him bound for the length of a tilt bar..this is called the gallop galliard. 1617― Caval. ii. 241 The next lesson to this, is the galloppe galliard.
4. Comb.: † gallop-rake = sense 1.
1653Urquhart Rabelais ii. xiv. 100, I ran away a faire gallop-rake [F. m'enfuis le beau galot], and God he knows how I did smell my shoulder of mutton.
▪ II. gallop, v.|ˈgæləp|
Forms: 6 galop(e, 6– gallop. See also wallop v.
[a. F. galoper, = Pr. galaupar, Sp. Pg. galopar, It. galoppare. No satisfactory origin has yet been suggested for these forms; the Pr. form suggests that the word may be a compound of the Teut. *hlaup-an to leap, run, with some prefixed word. The initial must originally have been w; the OF. *waloper vb., *walop n., have not been found, but their existence is proved by the adopted forms, Flem., MHG. walop n., MHG. walopiren vb., ME. walop n., walope vb. The Eng. verb walope, wallop, survived into the 16th c., when it was superseded by the present verb, app. a new adoption from F. galoper.
In K. Alis. 461, Weber's ed. reads ‘The deor galopith by wodis side’, following the Lincoln's Inn MS. The earlier Bodl. MS., however, has galpeþ. The passage is not in the AF. original by Thomas or Eustace of Kent. The reading of the Bodl. MS. is prob. correct, but perh. the reading of the later MS. may prove that the vb. galope existed in 14–15th c.]
1. intr. Of a horse (occas. of other quadrupeds): to go at a gallop (see gallop n. 1).
a1533Ld. Berners Huon lv. 185 The horse wold nother trot nor galop. 1570Levins Manip. 169 To Gallop, fundere gradus. To Wallop, idem, cursitare. a1631Donne Poems (1633) 137 His steeds will bee restrain'd But gallop lively downe the Westerne hill. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 148 Fearing to be seen, The Leacher gallop'd from his Jealous Queen. 1707Lond. Gaz. No. 4382/4 Stolen or strayed..a bright bay Gelding..4 Years old past, walks, trots, gallops, and leaps. 1835W. Irving Tour Prairies 159 They had also seen a fine wild horse, which, however, had galloped off with a speed that defied pursuit.
†b. trans. To pursue or chase at a gallop. Obs. [So F. galoper.]
1580Blundevil Horsemanship i. (1609) 7 To gallop the bucke, or followe a long winged Hawke.
fig.1626T. H. Caussin's Holy Crt. 112 A thousand Princes, and phantastique great Ladies, haue galloped Honour vpon the full speed.
c. Racing. to gallop to a standstill: to tire out.
1892Daily News 2 Mar. 3/6 Silvercrown..a celebrated racehorse..having galloped eighteen horses to a standstill for the Crawford Plate at Newmarket in 1886.
2. intr. Of a horseman: To ride at full speed. Also with advs., as forth, in, off.
1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cxl. 69 b, He dasshed his spurres to his horse, and galoped forth in suche wyse that his kepars loste him. 1568Grafton Chron. I. vii 186 She and her Gentlewoman..galoped thorough the Towne. 1599Shakes. Hen. V, iv. vii. 89 Yet a many of your horsemen peere And gallop ore the field. 1724De Foe Mem. Cavalier (1840) 140 The scouts came galloping in. 1791Mrs. Radcliffe Rom. Forest i, They..then placed them on two horses, a man mounted behind each, and they immediately galloped off. 1807–8W. Irving Salmag. (1824) 72 A squadron of hardy veterans..who..trot and amble, and gallop..through every street. 1885Tennyson Charge Heavy Brigade ii, Up the hill Gallopt the gallant three hundred.
3. trans. To make (a horse, etc.) go at full speed.
a1533Ld. Berners Huon liii. 178, I can ryght wel..rynne & galop a hors. 1617Markham Caval. ii. 145 And when you doe gallop him, you shal not at the first gallop him aboue fiue or sixe times vpon one hand. 1737Pope Hor. Epist. ii. i. 14 Let your Muse take breath, And never gallop Pegasus to death. 1838Penny Cycl. XII. 309/2 If, immediately after drinking his fill, he were galloped hard. 1884J. Colborne Hicks Pasha 68 Then the bridegroom and his men went through a fantasia, galloping their dromedaries at full speed.
†4. To traverse (a space) rapidly on horseback or by means of horses. Obs.
1588Shakes. Tit. A. ii. i. 7 The golden Sunne..Gallops the Zodiacke in his glistering Coach.
fig.1590Nashe (title), First Parte of Pasquils Apologie wherein he renders a Reason of his long Silence and gallops the Fielde with the Treatise of Reformation written by John Penrie. Ibid. i. D iv b, I haue..gallopped the fielde to make choyse of the ground where my battaile shall be planted.
5. transf. and fig. (from senses 1 and 2).
1583Stanyhurst æneis iv. (Arb.) 101 Furth she [Fame] quicklye galops, with wingflight swallolyke hastning. 1593Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, i. iii 154 Shee's tickled now, her Furie needs no spurres, Shee'le gallop farre enough to her destruction. 1600― A.Y.L. iii. ii. 329. 1626 L. Owen Spec. Jesuit. (1629) 31 They [the Iesuites] came galloping so fast into hell, and grew to be so many, that Lucifer was afraid. 1630J. Taylor (Water P.) Wks. ii. 130/1 His Tongue much like a Hackney goes all paces..It gallops and false gallops, trots and ambles. 1681Trial S. Colledge 44 Pray Sir, you go too fast already, as you are still gallopping. 1725Ramsay Gent. Sheph. ii. ii, They gallop fast that deils and lasses drive. 1841S. C. Hall Ireland I. 151 The mountain torrents crawl or gallop to mingle with the broad Atlantic.
b. to gallop away: to talk fast, to ‘rattle on’.
1711Swift Lett. (1767) III. 183 How you gallop away in your spleen and your rage about repenting my journey. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) II. 237 Pray observe how I gallop away when I get on smooth ground.
c. to gallop over or gallop through: to hurry over (in reading or reciting), to read cursorily.
1782F. Burney Let. to S. Crisp 25 Feb., The unreasonable hurry with which I was obliged to gallop over such a book. 1826J. W. Croker in C. Papers 13 Nov. (1884), Do not gallop through my letter..but read it over and over again. 1859H. C. Watson in Darwin's Life & Lett. (1887) II. 226, I could not rest till I had galloped through the whole. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) II. 113, I will gallop through the discourse as fast as I can.
†6. To dance rapidly; to dance a galop. Obs.
1806–7J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (1826) iii. xxi, You instantly tear down the dance..incessantly vociferating as you ramp and gallop along. 1826Lover's Quarrel in Lit. Souvenir 6 When I dance with Sir Dunce, or gallop with Sir Gosling?
7. trans. To convey rapidly by means of galloping horses.
1882Let. of Officer in R. Acad. Catal. (1883) 95 We galloped the left gun at it and it went into the ditch with a bump. 1897Daily News 2 Feb. 7/4 Commander Wells was galloped over from headquarters in a hose van.
▪ III. ˈgallop, v.2 Obs. exc. dial.
[Prob. onomatopœic; cf. wallop.]
intr. and trans. To boil.
a1605Middleton Witch i. ii, Hecate. Boil it well. Hoppo. It gallops now. 1888Sheffield Gloss., Gallop, to boil quickly. ‘The pot gallops’.
Hence galloped beer (see quot.).
a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Gallopped-beer, small beer for present drinking, made by simple boiling, or, as it is called, gallopping, small quantities of malt and hops together in a kettle. |