| 释义 |
Galton|ˈgɔːltən|
The name of Sir Francis Galton (1822–1911), English scientist and anthropologist, used in: Galton's law, the formula proposed by him to account for ancestral heredity, by which the parents each contribute a quarter of the characters to their offspring, the grandparents each contribute an eighth of the characters, and so on; also, the tendency of offspring of outstanding parentage to regress to, or below, the average for the species; so Galton's curve, etc.; Galton('s) whistle (see quots.). Hence Galˈtonian a.
1889A. R. Wallace Darwinism xiv. 414 ‘Panmixia’, or free intercrossing, will co-operate with Galton's law of ‘regression towards mediocrity’, and the result will be that..the organ in question will rapidly decrease till it reaches a mean value considerably below the mean of the progeny that has usually been produced each year. 1890W. James Princ. Psychol. I. x. 298 One may, I think, without fear of being upset by any further Galtonian circulars, believe that all men must single out from the rest of what they call themselves some central principle. 1903Daily Chron. 31 July 5/2 ‘Galton's law’,..now one of the cardinal principles of biology. 1904J. A. & M. R. Thomson tr. Weismann's Evol. Theory II. 206 Galton's curve of frequency of variations. 1904Goodchild & Tweney Technol. & Sci. Dict. 245/1 Galton's whistle, a sounding pipe, resembling in principle a very small closed organ pipe, producing a note of very high frequency. Used in experiments on the limit of audition. 1907V. L. Kellogg Darwinism To-day 71 Variation..is subject to Galton's law of regression. 1908J. A. Thomson Heredity ix. 335 Mendelian formulæ apply to the progeny of known crosses or hybrids, while Galtonian formulæ apply to intra-racial heredity. 1931Discovery Apr. 106/2 It might be a Galton whistle, which is too high-pitched to be audible to man. 1953A. Huxley Let. 21 June (1969) 676 Do Galtonian visualizers react in a different way from non-visualizers. |