| 释义 |
gambit Chess.|ˈgæmbɪt|
Also 7–8 gambet(t.
[Ultimately ad. It. gambetto (= gambet, jambet) tripping up the heels (in wrestling), f. gamba leg.
The history of the word appears to be somewhat involved. The earliest application to chess-playing seems to have been made in Sp., in the adapted form gambito (Ruy Lopez Libro del juego del axedres 1561, cap. vii, where the Italian etymology is given). The Italians seem at first to have readopted the word as gambitto (Polerio a 1575 in MS. Ital. 955, Bibl. Nat. Paris, who opposes giuochi piani to giuochi gambitti); later they employed the native form gambetto, whence the earliest Eng. form gambet(t. The Fr. and later Eng. gambit are from Sp.]
1. A method of opening the game, in which by the sacrifice of a pawn or piece the player seeks to obtain some advantage over his opponent. The original gambit is that by which a bishop's pawn is offered (King's or Queen's gambit), but the name is also given to other openings, many of which are distinguished by special names (see quots. 1871–3).
1656Budden tr. Biochimo's Chesse-play title-p., Illustrated with almost an hundred Gambetts. 1735Bertin Chess Rules p. vii, The gambet is, when he that first [?read that plays first] gives the pawn of the king's bishop, in the second move for nothing, the other keeps it, or takes another for it, if he is obliged to lose. 1745Stamma Chess Pref. 17 There is another Gambett, where three Pawns are given away; and therefore it is called the three Pawns, or Cunningham's Gambett, from the supposed Inventor. 1847C. Kenny Man. Chess 34 Gambit—an opening in which the Bishop's Pawn is given up for an attacking position. 1871M. Collins Mrq. & Merch. II. x. 294 Who..taught her the Mortimer attack in the Evans gambit. 1873― Squire Silchester II. iv. 40 The Squire and Simonet were already at chess, deep in the Cochrane gambit.
b. fig.
1855Dk. Buckhm. Crt. & Cabinets Geo. III, III. 115 The dashing gambit which his opponent directed, was neither evaded with caution nor defended with skill. 1860Holmes Elsie V. xxii. (1891) 328 The Widow's gambit was played, and she had not won the game. 1863W. P. Lennox Biogr. Remin. I. 237 The Emperor's genius in the art of war had devised a brilliant gambit in this military game of chess. 1884G. Allen Philistia I. 19 Each of us has his own game to play, and..he must play it on his own gambit to a great extent.
2. Comb., as gambit-pawn.
1869Boy's Own Bk. (1880) 588 The pawn sacrificed in opening a gambit, as well as the pawn which captures the offered pawn, are called gambit pawns. 1886Daily News 20 July 3/1 Zukertort took the gambit pawn, whereupon white played B K 2, and the result was the king's bishop's gambit limited. |