| 释义 |
▪ I. gargle, n.|ˈgɑːg(ə)l|
[f. gargle v.]
1. Any liquid used for gargling (see gargle v. 1, 2).
1657W. Coles Adam in Eden vii. 16 Gargles likewise are made with Sage, Rosemary [etc.]. 1709Steele Tatler No. 94 ⁋5 When it is used as a Gargle, it gives Volubility to the Tongue. 1789W. Buchan Dom. Med. (1790) 675 Gargles have the best effect when injected with a syringe. 1826Syd. Smith Wks. (1859) II. 81 Our apothecaries rushing about with gargles and tinctures. 1877Roberts Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) I. 157 Sore throat is best relieved by the use of some mild gargle.
fig.1842S. C. Hall Ireland II. 451 Such a Pierian gargle as ‘strange straggling steers struggled in strenuous strife’.
2. slang.
a. (See quot. 1860.)
b. A drink, or draught of liquor.
1860Slang Dict., Gargle, medical student Slang for physic. 1889Sporting Times 3 Aug. 3/1 (Farmer) We're just going to have a gargle—will you join us?
▪ II. gargle, v.|ˈgɑːg(ə)l|
Forms: 6 gargil(l, 6– gargle; pa. tense and pa. pple. 6 gargalled, -geld, -goled, -guled, 7 gargl'd, 7– gargled.
[ad. F. gargouiller ‘to gargle or gargarize; also, to rattle in the throat’ (Cotgr.), f. gargouille throat: cf. gargil1. See also gurgle v.
In It. both gargagliare and gorgogliare are found, and the Rom. and Teut. languages present a series of words in garg-, gorg-, gurg-, which refer to the throat or to gurgling noises produced in it. Diez supposes the vowel of F. gargouille, gargatte, etc. to be due to the influence of L. gargarizare upon words with original o, as F. gorge, It. gorgia, It. & Sp. gorga, but less definite causes were prob. at work in the whole range of these forms. In modern Eng. gargle has supplanted the older gargarize, perhaps because it was more native in form, and was felt to be more expressive of the sound produced by the action.]
1. trans. To hold (a liquid) suspended and rattling in the throat, esp. for therapeutic purposes. ? Obs.
1527Andrew Brunswyke's Distyll. Waters A iij b, The same water luke warme dronke and gargoled in the throte in the mornynge, withdryveth the payne of the throte. 1578Lyte Dodoens i. xlviii. 70 The iuyce of this herbe gargeld, or gargarised, healeth all inflammations. 1657W. Coles Adam in Eden xliii. 75 The decoction of mint gargled in the mouth, cureth the Gums and Mouth that is sore. 1741Compl. Fam.-Piece ii. i. 55 Let the Patient gargle this as often as need requires.
transf.1804C. B. Brown tr. Volney's View Soil U.S. 354 They will..gargle their beloved cup, to enjoy the taste of it longer.
2. To wash (the throat or mouth) with a liquid held suspended in the throat.
1616Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme 45 Wash and gargle your teeth with the decoction of ground Yuie made in Wine. 1693Salmon Bates' Disp. (1713) 674/1 You are to wash the Teeth, and gargle the Mouth and Throat therewith. 1763J. Brown Poetry & Mus. xi. 192 They [the Roman Actors] gargled the Throat with a Composition proper for the Purpose. 1803Med. Jrnl. X. 381 He gargled his mouth with concentrated sulphuric and nitric acids. 1884Pall Mall G. 16 Feb. 4 Each bather gargles mouth and throat with cold aromatized water.
3. fig.
a. To utter with a sound as of gargling.
1635Waller To Henry Lawes 26 Those which only warble long, And gargle in their throats a song. 1719Fenton Prol. to Southerne's Spartan Dame, So charm'd you were, you ceas'd awhile to doat On Nonsense, gargl'd in an Eunuch's Throat. 1779Sheridan Critic i. i, The signors and signoras..sliding their smooth semibreves, and gargling glib divisions in their outlandish throats. 1817J. Scott Paris Revisit. (ed. 4) 267 A military man would gargle a sacre out of his throat.
†b. To read (a book) superficially, without digesting its contents. Obs.
1658Osborn Adv. Son (1673) 8 A few books well studied, and throughly digested, nourish the understanding more, than hundreds but gargled in the mouth. 1670Eachard Cont. Clergy 10 Having gargl'd only those elegant books at school, this serves them instead of reading them afterward.
4. intr. To perform the act of gargling.
1601Holland Pliny II. 122 If one gargle with it, it staies the Vvula from falling. 1693Salmon Bates' Disp. (1713) 688/1 Dissolve a little of it in Red or Claret Wine, and gargle therewith. 1891Chambers' Encycl. VIII. 536 In more severe cases the patient may gargle frequently with hot water.
b. transf. To make a noise in the throat, as in gargling.
1861N. Davis Carthage 33 A camel..gargling as it were with rage at their extreme laziness.
†c. To make a gurgling sound. Obs.
1681Cotton Wond. Peak (ed. 4) 28 The Spring..forc'd on still to more precipitous hast, By the succeeding streams, lyes Gargling there. 1727Boyer Dict. Angl.-Fr., To Gargle (as a purling stream does), gazouiller.
d. slang. To drink, ‘liquor up’. (Cf. gargle n.)
1889Sporting Times 3 Aug. 5/5 (Farmer) We gargled. 1891Morn. Advert. 2 Mar. (Farmer), It's my birthday; let's gargle.
Hence ˈgargling vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1563T. Hill Art Garden. (1593) 68 The gargling of the same in the throte, doth help the disease called the squince. 1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Gargouillement, a gargling. 1727Boyer Dict. Angl.-Fr. s.v., The Gargling (or Purling) of a Stream. Ibid., A gargling (or warbling) Brook. 1753N. Torriano Gangr. Sore Throat 10 A kind of rattling in the Breast, like that made in the Throat by gargling.
▪ III. gargle
var. gargil2; obs. f. gargoyle. |