| 释义 |
gavelock Obs. exc. Hist. and dial.|ˈgævələk|
Forms: 1 gafeluc, gaveluc, 2–4 gaveloc, 4–6 gavelok (gaw-), 5 gavilok, gavylok, 6 gaiflok, 6–7 gavelocke, 9 gav'loc(k), gowelock, dial. geavelock (-lick), 4, 7– gavelock.
[OE. gafeluc str. masc. has the form of a regular dim. of gafel, ᵹeafel fork (see gable n.); the senses, however, are somewhat difficult to account for on this view of the etymology: evidence is lacking for the supposition that the word originally meant a forked or barbed arrow (cf. fork n. 9) and a forked crowbar.
Words of closely similar form and meaning are ON. gaflak, gaflok neut. javelin (perh. adopted from Eng.), Welsh gaflach (said to mean ‘bearded arrow’), Irish gabhla lance, ONF. gavelot (12th c.), gaverlot, gavrelot, garlot (= Central F. javelot, It. giavelotto) javelin, whence MDu. gavelot, gaverloot, MHG. gabilôt; see also gaff n.1 The relation between the words is uncertain. Thurneysen, followed by most recent etymologists, regards the Romanic word as of Celtic origin; the OE. word may possibly be adopted from the OF. (though recorded earlier) or from its source.]
1. A spear for throwing; a dart, javelin.
c1000ælfric Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker 143/6 Hastilia, gafelucas. c1050in Napier O.E. Glosses I. 4238 Catapultas, gauelucas. 1183Jocelin de Brakelonda (Camden) 35 Baculum meum excussi ad modum teli quod vocatur gaveloc. a1259Matth. Paris an. 1256 (Rolls) V. 550 Frisones igitur..ipsum Willelmum cum jaculis, quae vulgariter gavelocos appellant, quorum maxime noticiam habent et usum..hostiliter insequebantur. a1300E.E. Psalter liv. 22 [lv. 21] (Horstm.) Nesched als oyle his saghs bene, And þai ere gauelokes [L. jacula] þam bitwene. c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 297 Þe Waleis partie had vmbilaid þe brigge. With gauelokes and dartes suilk ore was non sene. c1400Sowdone Bab. 1426 Thai hurte him foule and slough his hors With gauylokes and wyth dartis. c1450Merlin 300, I saugh hem launche at hym knyves and gavelokkes and dartes. a1650Merlin 2138 in Furniv. Percy Folio I. 489 [He] bare a gauelocke in his hand. 1817J. F. Pennie Royal Minstr. v. 390 Two hundred spearmen, bearing each His gav'loc crown'd with a stern warrior's head.
†2. An artificial spur for a fighting cock. Obs. (Cf. gablock 1, gaff 3 a, gaffle 3, gafflet.)
1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 175 Cocks as big as Turkies: which they Arm with Razors tied flat under the Claws, and faulched Two Inches, instead of Gavelocks.
3. An iron crowbar or lever. (Cf. gablock 2.)
1497in Ld. Treas. Acc. Scotl. (1877) I. 349 Item, giffin for xiij stane of irne, to mak grath to Mons new cradill, and gavilokkis to ga with hir. 1558Lanc. Wills III. 80, viij. mylne pycke ij axes one gavelocke of iron. c1632in Brand Hist. Newcastle (1789) I. 370 note, One iron gavelock, and one swea tree with two rolles for taking and laying down lairstones. 1681H. More Exp. Dan. i. 6 Thou sawest moreover a Stone cut out without hands, no man with Axe or Gavelock dissevering it. 1804R. Anderson Cumberld. Ball., Jeff & Job ii, Nin leyke thee cud fling the geavelick. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 758 The greater part of the matters contained in the [lead] furnace is drawn over on the work-stone, by means of a large rake called a gowelock. 1855Robinson Whitby Gloss., Geavelock, a large iron crowbar for raising stone. 1880Antiquary Apr. 187 On trying the ground on the north side of the fence with a gavelock, they came on the cover of a cist. |