| 释义 |
‖ Tupi|ˈtuːpɪ, tuːˈpiː|
a. A native language widely spoken in Brazil, which has yielded various names of animals, plants, etc.; the group of tribes speaking this language; a person belonging to one of these tribes. Also attrib.
1842[see the dem. adj. and pron. B. 3 b]. 1863[see jacitara]. 1882Athenæum 9 Sept. 341/2 The widely diffused Tupi language, spoken throughout a great part of Brazil. 1911Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 410/2 Latham makes the Tupis members of the Guarani stock. 1950C. Lévi-Strauss in J. H. Steward Handbk. S. Amer. Indians VI. 475 The fruit of a Bignoniaceae..was used as a comb by the Tupí and other tribes. 1950C. O. Sauer in Ibid. 499 The peanut was..important in Tupí economy.
b. Tupi-Guarani |gwɑːrəˈniː|, also unhyphened: a South American linguistic and ethnic stock of which Tupi and Guarani are the most prominent members; a person belonging to this ethnic stock. Also attrib. Cf. Guarani 1.
1850R. G. Latham Nat. Hist. Varieties of Man 443 The Guarani. Synonyms.—Tupi, Brazilian, Guarani-Brazilian, Tupi-Guarani. 1876Encycl. Brit. IV. 235/1 They [sc. the tribes of Brazil] belong..to one original stock, called by ethnographers, the Tupi-Guarani. 1901O.E.D. s.v. Jaguar, According to writers on Tupi-Guarani, jaguara or jagua is orig. a class-name for all carnivorous beasts. 1933L. Bloomfield Language iv. 73 In South America, we note..the Tupi-Guarani [family of languages], stretched along the coast of Brazil. 1956E. Haugen Bilingualism in Americas ii. 15 Tupí-Guaraní is taught in some Brazilian schools. 1968M. Gilbert Cork in Bottle in Ellery Queen's Christmas Hamper (1975) 231 The three mestizos..were Tupi-Guaranis, half Indian, half Spanish. 1977G. Clark World Prehistory (ed. 3) x. 449 Polychrome pottery closely resembling the Tupi⁓guarani ware of East Brazil.
Also Tupian n. and a.
1902Encycl. Brit. XXV. 374/1 [Linguistic families of America] Tupian, Amazon R. 1948A. L. Kroeber Anthropology (rev. ed.) xviii. 833 A Tupian tribe, the Chiriguano, having conquered an Arawakan one, the Chané, pushed on westward. 1974Encycl. Brit. Micropædia X. 187/1 Tupians, South American Indians who speak languages of the Tupian linguistic group. Tupian-speaking peoples were widespread south of the Amazon. |