| 释义 |
‖ Gemeinschaft|gəˈmaɪnʃaft|
Also with lower-case initial.
[G., f. gemein common, general + -schaft -ship.]
A social relationship between individuals based on affection, kinship, or membership of a community, as within a family or group of friends; contrasted with Gesellschaft. So Gemeinschaft-like adj. [G. gemeinschaftlich].
[1887F. Tönnies (title) Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft.] 1937T. Parsons Struct. Social Action xvii. 687 Both Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft are what are sometimes referred to as positive types of social relationship. Ibid. 688 Gemeinschaft..is a broader relationship of solidarity over a rather undefined general area of life and interests. 1940C. P. Loomis tr. Tönnies's Concepts Sociol. 18 The essence of both Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft is found interwoven in all kinds of associations. 1961L. Mumford City in History x. 310 Both primary and secondary groups, both Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft, took on the same urban pattern. 1964Gould & Kolb Dict. Social Sci. 281/2 Gemeinschaft is an ideal-type concept, and as such is most correctly applied in describing or analyzing social systems in its adjectival form, Gemeinschaft-like. Gemeinschaft-like social systems are those in which Wesenwille (natural or essential will) has primacy. |