| 释义 |
gillyflower|ˈdʒɪlɪˌflaʊə(r)|
Forms: α. 4 geloffer, 4–5 gil-, gylofre, 5 gyllofyr, (-fre), gelefre, ielopher, 5–6 gelofer, (-fre), 6 gillo(w)fer, gill-, gelouer, (gelopere), 6–7 gilofer, 7 gillofre, (-over), gillyvor, 9 gilliver, (jilliver, gilver). β. Sc. 5 gerafloure, 6 ger(r)aflour; pl. 5 iorofflis, 6 gerofleis. γ. 6 gely-, iele-, gil(l)ifloure; 6 gilo-, 7 gillyflowre; 6 gile-, gili-, jilli-, 6–7 gillo(w)-, 6– gilli-, gillyflower. δ. 6– July-flower.
[a. OF. girofle, gilofre clove; for the history of the forms see clove-gillyflower.]
†1. A clove (cf. clove-gillyflower 1); also attrib. in sauce gilofre, clove sauce. Obs.
13..K. Alis. 6796 Theo gilofre, quybibe, and mace. 13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 43 Gilofre, gyngure & gromylyoun. c1430Two Cookery-bks. i. 15 Maces, Gelofres an Galyngale. c1485Digby Myst. (1882) iii. 1363 Þe Ientyll Ielopher a-ȝens þe cardyakylles wrech. 1513Bk. Keruynge in Babees Bk. 279 Befe with sauce gelopere [sic].
2. Applied to native plants having flowers scented like a clove, esp. to the clove-scented pink (Dianthus Caryophyllus) = clove-gillyflower 2, and hence to other plants more or less resembling this.
In those dialects in which the word is still current, it is commonly applied either to the wallflower (Cheiranthus Cheiri; see wall-gillyflower) or to the white stock (Matthiola incana; see stock-gillyflower).
α14..Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 586/2 Gariofilata, auens vel gilofre. 1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xxvi. iii, The gentyl gelofer his odoure renued. 1688R. Holme Armoury ii. 64/1 The Julyflower as they are most properly called (though vulgurly Gilliflower and Gilofer). 1876Mid. Yorksh. Gloss., Jilliver, wallflower. 1883Almondbury Gloss., Gilliver, a kind of pink clove or carnation. 1894Hall Caine Manxman v. xxi. 347 In one hand she carried a huge bunch of sweet-smelling gilvers.
fig.1597A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. 6 b, They may gather..fragrant gillowfers of Chyrurgicall operations.
β1423Jas. I Kingis Q. clxxviii, Of red Iorofflis..A fair[e] branche. Ibid. cxc, Gerafloure. 1500–20Dunbar Poems lxxxviii. 20 London..Of royall cities rose and geraflour. 1570Satir. Poems Reform. xv. 14 Ȝe Baselik and Ionet flouris, Ȝe Gerofleis so sweit.
γ1551Turner Herbal i. H ij a, The herbe that wee call in Englyshe Gelouer or a Gelyfloure. 1589Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 38 He that grafteth Iillyflowers vpon the Nettle, marreth the smell. 1621Quarles Div. Poems, Esther (1638) 117 As when a Lady (walking Flora's Bowre) Picks here a Pink and there a Gilly Flowre. 1629Parkinson Parad. (1656) 306, I account those that are called Carnations to be the greatest, both for leaf and flower, and Gilloflowers for the most part to be lesser in both. 1664Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1679) 21 Gilly-flowers and Carnations. 1779Sheridan Critic ii. ii, The striped carnation, and the guarded rose, The vulgar wallflower, and smart gilly flower. a1851Moir Poems, May-day vi, The gillyflower raises its stem on high, And peeps on heaven with its pinky eye. 1877N.W. Linc. Gloss., Gilly-flowers, wall-flowers. Stocks are called Stock⁓gilliflowers.
δ1584G. Peele Arraignm. Paris i. iii. A iij b, Julie flowers. 1605Sylvester Du Bartas ii. iii. i. Vocation 18 Som July-flowr or som sweet Sops-in-wine. 1612Drayton Poly-olb. xv. 241 The braue Carnation then, with sweet and soueraigne power So of his colour call'd, although a Iuly⁓flower. 1649Lovelace Poems (1864) 62 The July-flow'r that hereto thriv'd..straight sheds her leaves. 1721Bailey, Gilliflower (q.d. July-flower, because it Flourishes in that Month), a Flower of a grateful Scent. 1855[see b.].
b. dial. Applied to a woman (see quots.).
a1797Pegge Derbicisms (E.D.S.), Gilliver, a light-heel'd dame. 1855Robinson Whitby Gloss., A Jilliver, a wanton woman in the last stage of her good looks. A ‘July flower’, or ‘the last rose in summer’. 1882Lancash. Gloss., Jilliver, a termagant. 1883Almondbury Gloss., Gilliver, sometimes used as Jezebel, a term of reproach to a woman.
3. With various distinguishing attributes, used (mainly in early botanical works) to denote varieties of the pink, the wallflower, and other plants related to or resembling these, as African gillyflower, the African marigold (Tagetes erecta); dame's gilliflower (see dame's-violet); English gillyflower, the carnation; feathered gillyflower, Dianthus plumarius; mock-gillyflower, soap-wort (Saponaria officinalis); single gillyflower, Dianthus plumarius; striped gillyflower, a variety of Dianthus Caryophyllus; yellow gillyflower, wallflower. See also castle-, cuckoo-, garden-, lea-, marsh-, queen's-, rogue's-, sea-, stock-, Turkey-, wall-, water-, Whitsun-, winter-gillyflower; clove-gillyflower.
1578Lyte Dodoens ii. iii. 151 The yellow Gillofer or Wall floure groweth vpon olde walles & stonehilled houses. Ibid. vii. 155 The Pynkes, and small feathered Gillofers, are like to the double or cloaue Gillofers in leaues, stalkes, and floures, sauing they be single and a great deale smaller. Ibid. 156 The second sorte..may well be called..in English single Gillofers, whereof be diuers sortes..& are called in Englishe by diuers names, as Pynkes, Soppes in Wine, feathered Gillofers. Ibid. xxv. 176 We do call this floure Turkie Gillofers, and French Marygoldes..or Aphrican Gillofers. Ibid. iii. xiii. 335 Some do also take it [Sopewort Gentian] for Struthion, but it is nothing lyke: we may call it in English Soopewort: some call it Mocke Gillofer. 1693Evelyn De la Quint. Compl. Gard. II. 155 We sow the Seed of Pannacht or striped Gilliflowers upon Hot Beds..to replant them in May. 1727Bradley Fam. Dict., Carnation, otherwise called English Gilly-Flower.
4. A variety of apple; also gillyflower-apple.
1657Austen Fruit Trees i. 54 The Queen Apple is a great bearing fruit and good. So the Gillofloure. 1664Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 203 Apples..Russetting, Gilly-flower-Apples. 1741Compl. Fam. Piece ii. iii. 410 Apples [Dec.] Wheeler's Russet..Hautbonne, Winter Gilliflower. 1884in Hogg Fruit Manual 85.
5. attrib., as † gillyflower-grass.
1640Parkinson Theat. Bot. xiii. xiii. 1161 Gramen Carophylleum Rabinum the principall Gilloflower grasse. 1685Aubrey Nat. Hist. Wilts (1847) 49 A blew grasse they call July-flower grasse, which cutts the sheepes mouthes. |