| 释义 |
▪ I. girt, n.|gɜːt|
[var. girth n.1, in use chiefly in the 17th and 18th c.]
1. A saddle-girth; = girth n.1 1. Obs. exc. dial.
1563Fulke Meteors (1571) 30 b, Her horse laye dead with his bridle and girtes vntied. a1616Beaum. & Fl. Wit without M. ii. v, Ile give um leave to cut my girts, and flay me. 1665Milton On University Carrier, Here lies old Hobson; Death hath broke his girt And here, alas! hath laid him in the dirt. 1760–72tr. Juan & Ulloa's Voy. (ed. 3) I. 432 It is with great difficulty they are first brought to suffer the girts to be put round their bodies. 1795Wolcot (P. Pindar) Pindariana Wks. 1812 IV. 240 Rapture's a Charger; often breaks his girt, Runs off and flings his Rider in the dirt. 1867Rock Jim & Nell 74 (E.D.S. No. 76) An' girts, a guide⁓strap, hayvor-seed.
†b. A surgical bandage. Obs.
1676Wiseman Surg. vii. v. 487 The most common way of Bandage is by that of the Girt, which Girt hath a Boulster in the middle, and the ends are tackt firmly together. 1743tr. Heister's Surg. 169 There must also be fastened another Napkin, Sling, or Girt.
c. Printing. (See quot., and cf. girth n.1 1 d.)
1683Moxon Mech. Exerc. II. 72 Girts are Thongs of Leather, cut out of the Back of an Horse-hide [etc.]. Two of them are used to carry the Carriage out and in.
2. A small girder. Now only U.S.
1579in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) I. 311, ij girts xj foote longe, vj vnch thicke, ix vnch brod. 1665Ibid. II. 531 For girt, sparrs, ioists..and carriage of timbers for the Library roofe. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. I. 405 Each pier is composed of seven sticks of oak timber, united by a cap⁓piece, strong braces and girts. 1875Knight Dict. Mech., Girt, a small girder, used in roofs or bridge-frames.
b. = fillet n. 11 b.
1823in P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 585. 1842 in Francis Dict. Arts.
3. = girth n. 3. Also, in technical use, measurement across or around a surface which is not flat (e.g. a moulded cornice) taking into account all elevations and depressions.
1664in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) I. 156 The said Cornice..to be measured by the girt. 1679Evelyn Sylva xxii. 106 The Girt, or Circumference below is thirteen foot. 1703Maundrell Journ. Jerus. (1732) 142, I measur'd one of the largest, and found it twelve yards six inches in girt, and yet sound. 1716Addison Freeholder No. 22 ⁋2 He is a lusty, jolly fellow, that lives well, at least three yards in the girt. 1793Trans. Soc. Arts (ed. 2) IV. 227 The girt of the old tree..is five feet six inches. 1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mech. 627 The number of square feet produced, by multiplying the girts of the roof by the length of the slates at the eaves. 1828Hutton Course Math. II. 87 In these articles, the content of a roof is found by multiplying the length of the ridge by the girt over from eaves to eaves. 1842–59Gwilt Archit. (ed. 4) §2372 Cornices are measured by obtaining their girt, and multiplying by their length for the quantity of moulded work in them. 1846J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. App. 446 If the girt be taken in inches, and the length in feet [etc.]. 1883R. Haldane Workshop Receipts Ser. ii. 438/1 Surfaces under 6 in. in width or girt are called 6 in.
fig.1647N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. i. vii. (1739) 15 For long before Boniface his time Archbishops were swoln beyond the girt of the Canon.
b. (See quot.; loosely used for ‘quarter-girt’.)
1842–59Gwilt Archit. (ed. 4) Gloss., Girt..in timber measuring, according to some, is taken at one fourth of the circumference of the tree.
4. attrib. and Comb.
a. simple attrib., as girt-buckle, girt-line, girt-measure, girt-piece, girt-spot, girt-web, girt-wheel.
b. instrumental, as girt-galled, girt-marked adjs. Cf. girth-buckle, -galled (girth n.1 8), girth-web.
1701Lond. Gaz. No. 3746/4 Lost..a brown Gelding above 14 hands,..the Hair chafed off by the *Girt-buckle.
Ibid. No. 3693/4 Lost..a bay Gelding about 14 hands,..and a little *Girt-galled.
1720Strype Stow's Surv. Lond. (1755) II. 645/2 To give the Bounds or *Girt line of this Parish, I shall begin at Cecil-street.
1687Lond. Gaz. No. 2282/8 A dark bay brown punch Nag..with saddle marks, and *girt mark'd under the Belly.
1663Gerbier Counsel 78 *Girt measure of Timber is the best for the buyer, because there is more in the circular measure then in the square.
1770–4A. Hunter Georg. Ess. (1804) II. 195 The *girt-pieces six inches by five.
1688Lond. Gaz. No. 2314/4 No white, unless some Saddle or *Girt Spots.
1665Sir T. Roe's Voy. E. Indies 384 Those Coaches will carry four persons..but two may lie at ease..upon quilts..upheld by *girt-web, with which they are bottom'd.
1841Savage Dict. Print., Wheel. Also called *girt wheel, and drum; a cylinder of elm wood, with two flat broad grooves turned in it on which the two girts wind and unwind alternately, as the carriage is run in and out.
▪ II. girt, v. Now rare.|gɜːt|
[Two formations: (1) Altered from gird v.1, perh. after the pa. pple. girt. (2) f. girt n.
(The imperative gyrt þe occurs Ags. Gosp., Luke xvii. 8, but the form is prob. due to the nature of the initial consonant of the following word.)]
1. trans. = gird v.1 in various senses.
c1400Destr. Troy 5118, I bid.. þat he..pas fro this place o payn of his lyfe,..And gyrt on no grete wordis to greue vs no more. 1579Gosson Sch. Abuse (Arb.) 49 If the enemy beseege vs..preuent forrain aide, girt in the city [etc.]. 1602Marston Ant. & Mel. i. Wks. 1856 I. 12 Weele girt them with an ample waste of love. 1631Gouge God's Arrows ii. §22. 160 Girting and besieging their townes and cities, so as they can not go abroad. 1683Kennet Erasm. on Folly (1709) 113 They will pick a quarrel..for such poor provocation as the girting on a coat the wrong way. 1688Lond. Gaz. No. 2311/1 The Inauguration Ceremony, which consisted only in Girting the Grand Signior with a Sword. 1726Leoni Alberti's Archit. I. 44/1 The middle parts, which girt and surround the Wall. 1799Naval Chron. II. 177 The whole was by them girted and surrounded. 1823Examiner 106/2 [It] looks like a bright cincture girting the earth. 1895Daily News 13 Feb. 6/6 The primeval forest which girts the mountain.
2. To secure with a girth (cf. girth v. 3).
1663Gerbier Counsel 8 Hasten with the Packet-Maile to the Post Office, be it never so ill girted, whereby it oft falls in the mid-way? 1841Catlin N. Amer. Ind. (1844) II. xli. 60 A buffalo skin girted on its back.
3. To surround with a cord or measuring-line in order to ascertain the girth; to take the girth of.
1663Gerbier Counsel 81 Measured flat in square yeards, without girting the work with a line. 1727Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Felling, By girting the middle of the tree with a line and taking a quarter part of the girt for the square. 1828Hutton Course Math. II. 86 For the Surrounding Architrave, girt it about the uppermost part for its length [etc.]. 1883R. Haldane Workshop Receipts Ser. ii. 438/1 Surface painting is measured by the superficial yd., girting every part of the work covered.
b. intr. To take a measurement by drawing a string round the object to be measured. Said also of the string.
1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 627 All mouldings in plaster work are measured..by girting over the mouldings with a line. Ibid. 642 The dimensions must be taken with a line, that girts over the mouldings, breaks, etc.
4. Of trees, etc.: To measure (so much) in girth or girt (= girth v. 5).
1750G. Hughes Barbadoes 175 This divides into five branches, each equal to a large tree, some of them girting round about eight feet. 1805Forsyth Beauties Scotl. (1806) IV. 262 There are larches..which at five feet high girted, in 1792, full eight feet. 1828Hutton Course Math. II. 88 The cornice, which girts 8½ inches. 1858O. W. Holmes Aut. Breakf.-t. xii. (1891) 288 The tree ‘girts’ eighteen and a half feet, and spreads over a hundred.
5. to girt against: to press against (said of a ship's cable). [Cf. girt ppl. a. 2 and gird v.1 7.]
1794Rigging & Seamanship II. 310 The ship, driving to leeward..causes the cable to girt against the lee bow.
Hence ˈgirting vbl. n. In quots. attrib., as girting-place, (a) that part of a horse's body where the girth is worn; (b) that part of the trunk where a tree is girthed or measured; girting-stead = girdlestead; ˈgirting ppl. a.
1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 113 They which are small in their girting stead about their loins, do much love hunting. 1676Lond. Gaz. No. 1108/4 A large brown bay Mare..with a hole on her ribs..near the girting place. 1727Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Felling, To know the Value of a Tree standing, you may girt it, allowing for the Bark, and so much as you think it will measure less in the girting Place than at the Butt [etc.]. 1867D. G. Mitchell Rural Stud. 190 But with us, who have no girting walls [etc.].
▪ III. girt, ppl. a.|gɜːt|
Also 7 gert.
[pa. pple. of gird v.1; see girded ppl. a.]
1. In sense of the vb.
1791Cowper Lett. 23 June, It is an old house with girt casement windows. 1870Morris Earthly Par. I. i. 413 And how herself, with girt gown, carefully She went betwixt the heaps. Ibid. II. iii. 173 Her panting breast and girt-up gown.
2. Naut. (See quots.)
1627Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. vii. 30 Gert, is when the Cable is so taught that vpon the turning of a tide, a Ship cannot goe ouer it. 1704Harris Lex. Tech. s.v. Girding-girt, The Seamen say a Ship is Girt or hath a Girding-girt, when her Cable being so tite, or strained, that upon the turning of the Tide she cannot go over it with her Stern-post, but will lie a-cross the Tides. 1780Falconer Dict. Marine, Girt, the situation of a ship which is moored so strait by her cables, extending from the hawse to two distant anchors, as to be prevented from swinging or turning about. 1867in Smyth Sailor's Word-bk.
▪ IV. girt
dial. var. great, grit. |