| 释义 |
tympan|ˈtɪmpən|
Also 1 timpana, 3–7 timpane, timpan (also 9 in sense 1 b), 4–8 tympane, (6 tymphan, timphan).
[ad. L. tympanum, tympanum, or a. OF. tympan, timpan (12th c. in Hatz.-Darm.; mod.F. tympan, = Pg. tympano, Sp. and It. timpano, in various senses). Cf. OHG. timpana, OIcel. timpan. In OE. and early ME. only in renderings of Biblical passages.]
1. A drum or similar instrument, as a timbrel or tambourine. arch.
c825Vesp. Psalter lxvii. 26 In midle iungra plæᵹiendra timpanan. c897K. ælfred Gregory's Past. C. xlvi. 346 Lofiað God mid tympanan, ond on choro. c1000ælfric Gen. xxxi. 27 Mid lofsangum, & mid timpanum, & mid hearpum. a1300E.E. Psalter cxlix. 3 In timpan and sautre to him singe þai. Ibid. cl. 4 Loves him in crouth and timpane. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 7128 As þe bras, And as þe tympan, þat bete was. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 283 Þese ben þe propre signes of tympanites: his wombe & þe regioun of his stomac schulen oonly be to-swolle, & alle his oþere lymes..wolen bicome smal, & if þou smitist him vpon his wombe, it wole soune as it were a tympan. 1413Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) v. viii. 99 Dauyd ordeyned..instrumentes..organs and harpes, Symbals and sawtryes, Kroudes and tympans, Trompettes and tabours. 1503Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. II. 392 Item..ane pair of tympanes to the King xxiiij s. 1606G. W[oodcocke] Hist. Ivstine xli. 128 They vse not to sound a trumpet, but a Timpane. a1682Sir T. Browne Tracts vi. (1684) 122 Bacchus gave the signal of Battel..not with Trumpets but with Tympans and Cymbals.
b. [Ir. tiompan.] An ancient Irish stringed instrument played with a bow.
1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 355 Men of Irlonde be experte specially in ij. kyndes of musike,..an harpe, and a tympan [L. tympano] stryngede and armede with cordes of brasse. 1862E. O'Curry Anc. Irish xxxvi. (1873) III. 362 The poem affords another proof that the Timpan was a stringed instrument; and..shows that it was..played on with a wand and hair, words that plainly enough describe a fiddle-bow. 1891W. B. Yeats C'tess Cathleen Poems (1908) 10, I thought I heard far off tympans and harps.
†2.
a. = tympanites, tympany 1. Obs. rare.
1530Palsgr. 281/2 Tympan a dysease in the bely, enfleure.
†b. transf. (See quot.) Obs.
1555Eden Decades 142 The smaulest [pearls] differ from the byggest in a certayne swellynge or impostumation whiche the Spaniardes caule a tympane.
†3. = tympanum 2. Obs.
1549Coverdale, etc. Erasm. Par. Jas. 28 The worde of the Gospell..knocketh in vayne at the tympane of the ears; vnles it light depe in to the inwarde partes of the hearte. 1639J. S. Clidamas 24 If what I speake may befit the tender tympane of a Ladyes eare. 1688Burnet Lett. Pres. St. Italy 181 The violent noise..weakened the Tympan of his Ear. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Tympan,..the Drum of the Ear.
4. An appliance in a printing-press, interposed between the platen or impression-cylinder and the sheet to be printed, in order to soften and equalize the pressure; in a hand press consisting of two frames (outer tympan and inner tympan) with sheets of parchment or strong linen stretched upon them, and inclosing a packing either of blanket, rubber, or other soft substance, or sheets of paper, cardboard, cloth, or other harder material, according to the nature of the work to be printed.
1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Le Chassis, the tympane of a Printers presse. 1594R. Ashley tr. Loys le Roy 22 Placing the leafe that is to be printed, on a double tympan or parchmin. 1683Moxon Mech. Exerc., Printing x. ⁋10 The Tympan is a square Frame. 1728Chambers Cycl. s.v. Printing, On the Front of the Coffin are three Frames.., viz. the two Tympans and Frisket. 1824J. Johnson Typogr. II. xv. 529 The tympans are covered with vellum, forrels, or parchment. 1869W. B. in Eng. Mech. 24 Dec. 362/1 Make a tympan of thick cardboard. 1880Printing Times 15 Mar. 63/1 Too much packing in a tympan is a great and common fault. 1885C. G. W. Lock Workshop Receipts Ser. iv. 404/1 A sheet of smooth card..should be laid over the picture before the leather tympan is closed down upon it.
5. Arch. = tympanum 3.
1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. I, Tympan of an Arch, is a triangular Table placed in its Corners. Ibid., Tympan, is also attributed to the Pannels of Doors..and to the Dye or Square of Pedestals. 1767Ducarel Anglo-Norman Antiq. 88 Within the Tympan or panel of the pediment is a basso relievo. 1825Jamieson, Timpan, tympany, the middle part of the front of a house, raised above the level of the rest of the wall, resembling a gable... This is also called a Tympany gavel. 1893E. H. Barker Wand. Southern Waters 89 The composition, which fills the tympan of the scarcely-pointed arch, represents Christ surrounded by the twelve Apostles.
6. = tympanum 4 b.
1858Lardner Hand-bk. Nat. Phil., Hydrost. etc. 123 The tympan.—A form of wheel, which has received this name, is also used in France for irrigation.
7. A tense membrane or thin plate in any mechanical apparatus, e.g. in a phonograph.
1883Greer Dict. Electr. 170 This [carbon] lozenge is pressed gently by a tympan. 1900Daily News 17 Nov. 6/3 The vibrating plate or tympan had not force enough to imprint the feeble sounds on the wax of the cylinder, and form a good record. Ibid., This varying current in passing through the telephone..makes the iron plate or tympan vibrate and give out..a fairly correct imitation of the speaker's voice.
8. attrib. (in sense 4), as tympan-cloth, tympan-frame; tympan-sheet, a sheet of paper, etc. laid on or fixed in the tympan, originally as a guide for placing the sheets to be printed.
1683Moxon Mech. Exerc., Printing xxiv. ⁋7 He takes a Sheet of Paper..for a Tympan-sheet. Ibid. ⁋19 This Tympan-cloath is a Fine and even Linnen Cloath. 1771Luckombe Hist. Print. 345 The Tympan sheet..is only as a standing mark to lay all the other sheets exactly even upon. 1841T. C. Hansard Print. & Type-founding 109 They now choose their points, which are thin iron arms, having a short point projecting from the end, and made to screw on to the tympan-frame. 1911Webster s.v., In hand presses the tympan is double and consists of two sheets, usually of parchment, stretched on the tympan frame.
Hence † ˈtympaned a. (obs. nonce-wd.), affected as with a ‘tympan’ (sense 2); inflated, puffed up; ˈtympaning |tɪm-| vbl. n. (nonce-wd.), the playing of a tympan (sense 1 b).
a1640Day Peregr. Schol. (1881) 56 Philosophos..swolne and timpaned with presumption. 1862E. O'Curry Anc. Irish xxxvi. (1873) III. 363 The harper has exclusive harping... The Timpanist has exclusive timpaning (or Timpan playing). |