| 释义 |
ultraˈviolet, a. and n.
Also with hyphen.
[f. ultra- 1 c + violet n.1]
A. adj.
1. Lying beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum: the epithet of electromagnetic radiation (and of the part of the spectrum containing it) which has a wavelength shorter than that of violet light (about 420 nm.) and (in modern use) no shorter than that of the longest X-rays (of the order of 4 to 40 nm.).
1840[see lavender a. 2]. 1870J. Tyndall Nine Lect. Light 36 As regards the ultra-violet rays; when they are permitted to fall upon certain substances..they render the substance luminous. 1875tr. Vogel's Chem. Light vii. 60 We name the invisible tones of colour above violet ultra-violet, and those beyond red ultra-red. 1887Encycl. Brit. XXII. 375/2 The remarkable series of ultra-violet lines..in the spectra of some stars. 1904Sci. Siftings 12 Mar. 320/2 These ultra-violet rays..are most effective in the treatment of such diseases as tuberculosis of the skin, i.e., lupus. 1928Galsworthy Swan Song i. xi. 84 They talk about these ultra-violet rays. Plain sunshine used to be good enough. 1935Discovery Aug. 225/1 Those physical agents which have been found of service in the treatment of various diseases—such agents as ultra-violet and infra-red radiation. 1947Sci. News IV. 43 Ultra-violet light is a strong bleacher. 1955Times 2 July 7/7 Ultra-violet radiation is useful, both to the naked eye and by photography, to determine whether varnish has perished. 1979T. B. Akrill et al. Physics xviii. 248/1 The mercury vapour spectrum also includes a considerable amount of ultra-violet radiation.
2. a. Involving, producing, or pertaining to ultraviolet radiation or its use; ultraviolet catastrophe, an indefinite increase that the Rayleigh–Jeans law predicts should occur in the radiation emitted by a black body at successively shorter wavelengths (where the law in fact becomes invalid).
1922[see lavender a. 2]. 1934Discovery May 138/1 In the detection of forgery, the deciphering of illegible or faded documents, over-writing and the like..ultra⁓violet photography is the most useful process to employ. 1935J. Dougall tr. Born's Atomic Physics vii. 189 We have here what is called the ‘ultra-violet catastrophe’. 1958New Biol. XXVII. 12 The conclusion reached on a chemical basis regarding the presence of lignin has been confirmed using the ultra-violet microscope for spectro⁓micrographic purposes. 1966M. Jammer Conceptual Devel. Quantum Mech. i. 17 A situation which was later, following Ehrenfest, referred to as the ‘ultraviolet catastrophe’. [Note] P. Ehrenfest,..Annalen der Physik 36, 91–118 (1911). The fourth chapter of this paper is entitled ‘Die Vermeidung der Rayleigh-Jeans-Katastrophe im Ultravioletten’, where the term ‘ultraviolet catastrophe’ appeared for the first time. 1974Daily Tel. 17 Jan. 17/6 An ultra-violet photograph taken from an Aerobee rocket..has revealed the development of a huge ball of hydrogen. 1976Progress in Sci. Culture (E. Majorana Centre) Spring 20 The paradox is the ultra⁓violet catastrophe of the theory of black-body radiation, which was predicted on the basis of classical statistical mechanics and Maxwell's theory of radiation.
b. Sensitive to ultraviolet radiation.
1940Chambers's Techn. Dict. 875/2 Ultra-violet cell. 1969Rev. Sci. Instruments XL. 311 (heading) A secondary standard vacuum ultraviolet detector. 1975J. Taylor Superminds iii. 52 At this point the primitive ultra-violet detector was used.
B. ellipt. as n. The ultraviolet part of the spectrum; near ultraviolet, far ultraviolet, the part close to, or far from, the visible spectrum.
1887Encycl. Brit. XXII. 375/2 A number of lines in the ultra-violet. 1931Discovery Mar. 86/2 The possibility is discussed of extending the study of the spectrum of stars into the regions of the ultra⁓violet. 1954Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. LXXVI. 3847/1 Samples of barium and calcium titanates were sealed in quartz tubes containing phosphorus pentoxide for 72 hours and then exposed to ultraviolet. 1962L. S. Sasieni Optical Dispensing xiii. 326 In snow glare protection is required against the ultra-violet. 1974Nature 4 Jan. 44/1 At the molecular level, the effects of far-ultraviolet (‹300nm) and near-ultraviolet (300 to 420nm) on biological systems are quite different. |