| 释义 |
▪ I. magistrate, n.|ˈmædʒɪstrət|
Forms: 4–6 magestrat(e, maiestrat(e, 4–7 magistrat, 5– magistrate.
[ad. L. magistrātus (u-stem), orig. a magisterial rank or office, a magistracy; hence a person holding such an office; f. magister master n. (see -ate1 1 a). Cf. F. magistrat.]
†1. The office and dignity of a magistrate; magistracy. Obs.
c1374Chaucer Boeth. iii. pr. iv. 57 (Camb. MS.) That thow woldest beren the magestrat with decorat. 1530Palsgr. 241/2 Magistrate dignyte, magistrat.
2. A civil officer charged with the administration of the laws, a member of the executive government. chief magistrate, first magistrate: in a monarchy, the sovereign: in a republic, usually the president.
1382Wyclif Luke xxxiii. 14 The magestratis of the peple clepid to gidere, Pilat seide to hem. 1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) III. 255 The peple of Rome not suffrenge..the sedicion of þe magistrates, ordeynede x. men to write þe lawes. 1550Crowley Epigr. 27 b, Woulde God the maiestrates woulde se men set a-worke. 1581G. Pettie Guazzo's Civ. Conv. ii. (1586) 101 A discreet Magistrate ought not to..alter his manners in respect of his dignitie. 1592Davies Immort. Soul xxix. iv, The Common's Peace the Magistrates preserve. 1614Raleigh Hist. World iii. (1634) 72 Every Estate..were governed by Lawes,..and by their owne Magistrates. 1681Dryden Hind & P. i. 489 Suppose the magistrate revenge her cause, 'Tis only for transgressing human laws. 1761Hume Hist. Eng. III. liv. 175 The king was too eminent a magistrate to be trusted with discretionary power. 1791Jefferson in Washington's Writ. (1892) XII. 20 note, It is fortunate that our first chief magistrate is purely and zealously republican. 1821Byron Mar. Fal. i. ii, Health and respect to the Doge Faliero, Chief magistrate of Venice. 1857Toulmin Smith Parish 372 The Coroner himself is an elected Magistrate.
attrib.1602Patericke tr. Gentillet 26 The Paynim Lawyer may serve for a goodly example to condemne many Magistrate Lawyers of our time.
fig.1612Bacon Ess., Custom (Arb.) 370 Custome is the principal Magistrate of mans life.
3. spec. In England and Ireland, a more frequent synonym for ‘justice of the peace’ (see justice n. 10); also applied (chiefly with prefixed word, as in police magistrate, stipendiary magistrate, and, in Ireland, resident magistrate) to salaried officials having, like the justices of the peace, criminal jurisdiction of the first instance. In Scotland, applied to the provost and bailies of a burgh, as forming a court for police jurisdiction and the granting of licences. magistrates' court: a court for the trial of minor offences and small civil cases and for the preliminary hearing of more serious cases.
The mayor of a town is sometimes referred to as its ‘chief’ or ‘first magistrate’.
a1688G. Dallas Stiles 12 The said M. R... and the remanent Magistrats of the said Burgh..The said R. M. Bailie of the said Burgh, and the Provost and remanent Bailies of the same. 1727in Quincy Hist. Harvard (1840) I. 567 The signification of magistrate in England, and even now in New England, extends to every one of his Majesty's Justices of the Peace; but in the time when the act above⁓said was made [1642],..the known signification extended only to those who were Assistants to the Governor in Council. 1752Fielding Amelia i. ii, The worthy magistrate submitted to hear his defence. 1867T. W. Saunders Practice in Magistrates' Courts (ed. 3) i. 1 The various kinds of magistrates' courts—petty and special sessions—quarter sessions—clerk to the justices. Ibid., It is..the design of the following pages to treat of the practice of the magistrates' courts as we find these courts established. 1889Doyle Micah Clarke xxiii. 237 This fellow would make two of the gauger, and leave enough over to fashion a magistrate's clerk. 1904J. F. & B. E. Crump Magistrate's Pocket Manual xii. 47 There is perhaps even greater need to observe the spirit of these instructions in the Magistrates' Courts, because..rough and uncultivated manners..make so great a strain on the patience and self-control of the Bench. 1952Act 1 Eliz. II c. 55 § 38 Where a person is taken into custody for an offence without a warrant and is retained in custody, he shall be brought before a magistrates' court as soon as practicable. 1959Jowitt Dict. Eng. Law II. 1341/2 Petty sessional court, a court of summary jurisdiction consisting of two or more justices..now known as the magistrates' court. 1965New Statesman 10 Dec. 920/2 The police courts, reborn as magistrates' courts in 1952, are still police courts not only to those who never frequent them but also to the old lags who frequent them most.
4. Sc. slang. In full, Glasgow magistrate. A herring.
1833Chambers's Edin. Jrnl. 2 Nov. 314/2 My neighbour, thinking it absurd to mince such a matter as a Glasgow Magistrate, handed up a whole one to the chairman. 1874Hotten Slang Dict. 177 Glasgow Magistrate, a salt herring. When George IV. visited Scotland, a wag placed some salt herrings on the iron guard of the carriage belonging to a well-known Glasgow magistrate, who made one of a deputation to receive his Majesty. 1890Barrère & Leland Dict. Slang II. 38/1 Magistrate (Scotch slang), a herring. 1895J. Nicholson Kilwuddie (ed. 4) 119 Ham's unco dear, sae, if ye like, we's hae a ‘magistrate’. 1950Scots Mag. Dec. 171 Herring were cured there by Walter Gibson, a merchant of Glasgow and Provost of that city in 1688, and it is perhaps because of Provost Gibson that salt herring acquired their nickname of ‘Glasgow Magistrates’.
▪ II. † magistrate, v. Obs.—0
[f. ppl. stem of L. magistrāre: see magistration.]
intr. To play the master (Cockeram 1623). |