| 释义 |
gnotobiotic, a. Biol.|ˌnəʊtəʊbaɪˈɒtɪk|
[f. Gr. γνωτ-ός known (f. γιγνώσκειν to know) + -o + βιωτικ-ός pertaining to life, f. βιωτός worth living, f. βιοῦν to live (βίος life).]
Of an organism (esp. a higher animal) or its environment: artificially rendered devoid of bacteria and other organisms which would normally be present as parasites, commensals, symbionts, etc., or having only a few known organisms of this kind present.
1949J. A. Reyniers et al. in Lobund Rep. Feb. 160 [After] the process of freeing an organism from its contaminants..the organism becomes gnotobiotic. 1964F. Pohl in Galaxy Oct. 176/2 They had a gnotobiotic atmosphere, a little rich in oxygen, a little more humid than the ambient air. 1969Nature 29 Nov. 846/1 Bacterial interactions..in gnotobiotic flies (grown from germ free eggs and fed a known mixture of bacteria). 1970New Scientist 15 Jan. 103/1 Gnotobiotic animals..provide a highly sensitive system for detecting small numbers of micro-organisms.
Also gnotobiˈosis [Gr. βίωσις way of life], the state of being gnotobiotic; gnotobiˈotics [-ic 2], the field of study concerned with rearing and using gnotobiotic organisms.
1949J. A. Reyniers et al. in Lobund Rep. Feb. 160 Gnotobiotics..would be the field of investigation concerned with growing living things by themselves or in an association with other completely known kinds of organisms. Ibid., The state of ‘germ-freeness’ or being without contaminants is gnotobiosis. 1953Parasitology XLII. 260/1 As defined by Reyniers et al., gnotobiosis is synonymous with axenity only, even though gnotobiotics is proposed for the science of both axenic and synxenic cultivation; this seems inconsistent, and I feel that the term gnotobiosis should be used in the broader sense. Ibid., The literature on gnotobiotics of animal organisms. 1970New Scientist 15 Jan. 101/1 Gnotobiotics includes the study of both ‘germ-free’ animals and animals whose microbial flora can be completely specified. |