| 释义 |
unˈbind, v.
Forms: (see un-2 and bind v.).
[OE. unbindan (f. un-2 3 + bind v.), onbindan, = Du. ontbinden, G. entbinden.]
1. trans. To free from a band, bond, or tie; to make loose or free by undoing a band, etc. Also absol.
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xxi. 2 Ᵹe infindes asal ᵹebunden & fola mið hia, unbindas & to-lædas me. Ibid. Luke xiii. 15 An eᵹhuelc iuer on symbel-doeᵹ ne unbindeð vel woxo his vel assald of bósih. c1175Lamb. Hom. 5 Ure drihten sende his .ii. apostles..þet heo unbunden þat assa. c1250Gen. & Ex. 2223 Quan men ðo seckes ðor un-bond, And in ðe coren ðo aȝtes fond. 1382Wyclif Luke xix. 31 And if ony man schal axe, whi ȝe vnbynden [sc. the ass], thus ȝe schulen seye to him. 1426Lydg. De Guil. Pilgr. 3038 Pereyl off deth..ys a cause evydent That thow mayst wel..The swerd ydrawe,..And the keyes vnbynde also. c1450Lovelich Grail xlix. 213 Thanne let this Sarrazin Iosephe vnbynde his hondis that bownden weren behinde. 1484Caxton Fables of Alfonce ix, Whanne the nyght was come, the labourer vnbonde his oxen. 1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. i. i. 4 For these other goods, Vnbinde my hands, Ile pull them off my selfe. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. i. ii. 17 Get the Sail into the Ship, and unbind all things clear of it. 1683J. Reid Scots Gard'ner (1907) 71 Set the graff on the west-side... Unbind when you find their bands harme them. 1707Mortimer Husb. (1721) II. 262 When you unbind them you may discern which are good and have taken, and which not. 1791Mrs. Radcliffe Rom. Forest ix, The ruffians unbound me from my horse. 1821Scott Kenilw. xxxix, He unbound his horse from the tree.
fig.c1000ælfric Hom. I. 352 Þæs fæder tungan his nama unband. c1400Rom. Rose 2226 To vilayne speche in no degre Late never thi lippe vnbounden be. 1859Tennyson Guinevere 164 O maiden,..Sing, and unbind my heart that I may weep.
b. transf. To loosen, open up or out, set free, detach, etc.
1577Grange Golden Aphrod., etc. S j b, So doth the morne (me thinkes) vnclose and eke vnbinde, Each thing whiche in the night, are closed in their kynde. 1633Fletcher Purple Isl. i. xxxvi, Vain men, too fondly wise, who plough the seas,..The earths vast limits dayly more unbinde! 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. i. 64 While Earth unbinds Her frozen Bosom to the Western Winds. 1735A. Hill Zara v. 60 His absence shall unbind his sister's tongue. 1743Francis tr. Hor., Odes i. xxii. 18 Place me where never Summer Breeze Unbinds the Glebe, or warms the Trees. 1781Cowper Tiroc. 439 The most disint'rested and virtuous minds, In early years connected, time unbinds. 1817Shelley Rev. Islam vii. xl, Like wind Which..can wake the still cloud, and unbind The strength of tempest.
c. To take the bandage off (a limb or wound).
1639T. de la Grey Expert Farrier 30 Binde upon it a linnen cloth,..then..unbinde the foot. 1699W. Dampier Voy. II. ii. 91 The next Morning the Cloath being rubb'd off, I unbound it, and found the Worm broken off, and the Hole quite healed up. 1821Byron Sardan. iii. i, I will unbind your wound and tend it.
2. fig.
a. In renderings of Matt. xvi. 19, etc. Cf. loose v. 1 c.
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xvi. 19 Suæ huæt ðu unbindes ofer eorðu bið unbunden in heofnum. c1000ælfric Hom. I. 542 Swa hwæt swa hi unbindað ofer eorðan, þæt bið unbunden on heofonum. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 65 Al þat prest bindeð soðliche buð ibunden & al þat he unbindeð beð unbunden. 1382Wyclif Matt. xviii. 18 What euere thingis ȝee shulen vnbynde vpon erthe, tho shulen be vnbounden and in heuenes. c1400Love Bonavent. Mirr. (1908) 123 What that ȝe vnbynde in erthe schal be vnbounden in heuene.
absol.1820Wordsw. Processions 67 That licentious craving in the mind To act the God among external things, To bind, on apt suggestion, or unbind. 1822― Eccl. Sonn. i. xxxix, Through earth and heaven to bind and to unbind!
†b. To free from sin or its consequences; to absolve. Obs.
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Luke, Contents lxxvi, Ðone aldormono unband [L. absoluit] seðe cuom hal ᵹedoe þætte losade. c1000ælfric Hom. I. 234 Forði sceolon ða lareowas ða unbindan fram heora synnum þa ðe Crist ᵹeliffæst þurh onbryrdnysse. a1200Vices & Virtues 53 Hwa se..is mid heued-senne ibunden, þe naure ne mai ben unbunden bute ðurh priestes muðe oðer ðurh biscopes. c1275Passion Our Lord 630 in O.E. Misc. 55 Þeo þat ye aleseþ here of heore sunnes bende, Hi schulle beon vnbunden euer buten ende. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 1014 Certys we ouȝt þan with ful mynde To preye god vs of synne vnbynde. c1400Rom. Rose 6416, I am unbounde;..For he that myght hath in his honde, Of alle my synnes me unbonde. a1450Knt. de la Tour (1906) 53 The deuell holdithe hem bounde in his seruice till thei be vnbounde by confession.
absol.a1300Cursor M. 28742 Sin crist is buxum to vnbind, Qui sal man preist ouer hard find. 1340Ayenb. 172 He ssel zeche zuych ane confessour, þet conne bynde and onbynde. 1396–7in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1907) XXII. 301 Þei seyn þat..þei mown cursyn and blissin, byndin and unbyndin at here owne wil. c1440Jacob's Well 63 Here it semyth þat acursyng byndyth, & absolucyoun vnbyndyth.
†c. To set free, deliver, cure (from sickness or trouble). Obs.
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Luke xiii. 16 Ðios..dohter abrahames..ne were..reht to unbindanne vel to undoanne of bend ðissum dæᵹe symbles? c1000Saxon Leechd. I. 98 Ᵹyf hwa on þære untrumnysse sy þæt he sy cis, þonne meaht ðu hine unbindan. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 1339 Dido, O cloth, whil Jubiter hyt leste, Take now my soule, vnbynd me of thys vnreste. c1430Hymns Virgin (1867) 97 How myȝt god me of care vnbinde Siþen god loueþ trouþe so verrili? c1440Jacob's Well 63 Ȝysterday, whan þe absolucyoun was red ouyr my graue, I was vnboundyn of my peyne.
†d. To make free, to release, from some legal restraint or obligation. Also absol. Obs.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 3370 In oþer halue he founde Ioye in is herte, uor þe contasse of spoushod was vnbunde. Ibid. 649 Þo was he al clene louerd, to binde & unbinde. 1340Ayenb. 97 Laȝe is yzed þeruore þet hy hare-zelue ne byn ake þe oþre byndeþ and þis onbynt. 1382Wyclif Rom. vii. 6 Now forsothe we ben vnbounden fro the lawe of deeth. c1386Chaucer Merch. Prol. 14 Were I vnbounden al so moot I thee I wolde neuere eft comen in the snare [of marriage]. a1470H. Parker Dives & Pauper (W. de W. 1496) iv. vi. 166/2 By his relygyon he is unbounden from this commaundement. 1491Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) v. xiv. 344/2, I praye the that it please the to doo to me that grace..to unbynde me of the sentence of excomynycacyon in whiche I am bounden. 1581Marbeck Bk. of Notes 978 New things, that is, the sweete tidings of y⊇ Gospell to vnbinde us.
†e. absol. To give up an enterprise. Obs. rare.
a1400–50Alexander 1744 (Ashm. MS.), Forthi is bettir vnbynd & of þe brathe leue. Ibid. 1974 For-þi ware bettir vnbynde or þou bale suffire.
3. a. To set (a person) free from bonds; to restore to personal liberty in this way. Also in fig. context.
c950Rit. Eccl. Dunelm. (Surtees) 7 From synna bendum unbundeno..vsig..ᵹihald. c1000ælfric Hom. I. 466 æfter his behate ic ðe unbinde, þæt þu fare to westene. a1023Wulfstan Hom. (1883) 83 æfter þusend ᵹearum bið Satanas unbunden. c1200Ormin 3682 Forr þatt he wollde unnbindenn uss Off hellepiness bandess. c1300Havelok 601 [They] Vnkeueleden him, and swiþe unbounden. c1350Will. Palerne 1227 Þan þei him vnbond bliue & brouȝt him his stede. 1382Wyclif Acts xxii. 30 Forsoth in the day suynge he..vnbound him. a1425Cursor M. 14912 (Trin.) Þat wiþ þe fend dwellynge ware He wolde hem vnbynde in dede. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 180/1 Thenne came an aungel that unbonde them. a1533Ld. Berners Huon l. 168, I requyre the vnbynd me & brynge me out of this dolouros payne. 1588Shakes. Tit. A. iii. i. 24 Vnbinde my sonnes, reuerse the doome of death. 1635Life Long Meg of Westm. (1871) 27 Help to unbind me, for I am undone, and almost killed. 1799Hull Advertiser 3 Aug. 4/1 A..girl..tied up by both arms to a tree... I implored that she might be immediately unbound. 1817Shelley Rev. Islam iii. xiii. 2 They bore me to a cavern in the hill Beneath that column, and unbound me there. 1839Whittier World's Convention 228 Methinks I see my country rise:..Her captives from their chains unbound. 1851― Pris. Naples 13 Whom man hath bound let Thy right hand unbind.
fig.1390Gower Conf. III. 369 Sche which mai the hertes bynde In loves cause and ek unbinde. 1400–10Clanvowe Cuckow & Night. ii, The god of love..can binden and unbinden eke What he wol have bounden or unbounde.
†b. To deliver (a woman). Obs.—1
c1325Lai le Freine 85 Sone therafter bifel a cas, That hirself with child was. When God wild sche was unbounde, And deliuerd.
†c. To clear of phlegm. Obs.—0
1552Huloet, Vnbynde the breaste, expectoro.
4. To unfasten, untie, undo (a bond, cord, etc.).
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Luke iii. 16 Ðæs ne am ic wyrðe to unbindanne ðuongas sceoea his. c1200Ormin 10412 Þa shollde an oþerr cumenn forþ..& shollde unnbindenn þin shoþ wang. c1205Lay. 5926 Heo unbunde þa locun, drowen ut þa baiȝes. 1382Wyclif Acts xvi. 26 And a-noon alle the doris ben openyd, and the bondis of alle ben vnbounden. 1426Lydg. De Guil. Pilgr. 22028 For the osyers nygh echon Were broke ffyrste.., Wherffore the hoopys were vnbounde. 1596Spenser F.Q. vi. xi. 8 But she resolu'd no remedy to fynde,..Till Fortune would her captiue bonds vnbynde. 1697Dryden æneis vii. 563 Unbind your fillets, loose your flowing hair. 1757W. Wilkie Epigon. vi. 170 They..the helmet loos'd, the buckled mail unbound. 1791Cowper Odyss. v. 419 Unbind the zone, Which thou shalt cast far distant from the shore Into the deep. 1812Byron Ch. Har. iii. civ, 'Twas the ground Where early Love his Psyche's zone unbound. 1820Shelley Vis. Sea 56 The sharks and the dogfish their grave-clothes unbound.
b. In fig. context.
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Mark vii. 35 Sona untyndo woeron earo his & un-bunden wæs ᵹebend tungæs his. a1200Moral Ode 188 in O.E. Hom. I. 171 Vre bendes he vnbond & bohte us mid his blode. 1388Wyclif Isaiah lviii. 6 Vnbynde thou the byndingis togidere of vnpitee. a1500Ratis Raving i. 1067 Gyf thai twa frendis can nocht find That scho may syk a band [sc. as that of marriage] wnbynd, I pray thee, reul the as thai red. 1559Mirr. Mag., Dk. Clarence xi, Loves strongest bandes vnkindnes doth vnbinde. 1728Pope Dunc. i. 24 Whether thou..magnify Mankind, Or thy griev'd Country's copper chains unbind. 1744Berkeley Siris §302 Theology and philosophy gently unbind the ligaments that chain the soul down to the earth. 1810Scott Lady of L. v. xxviii, Those cords of love I should unbind, Which knit my country and my kind. 1843Whittier Knight of St. John 70 Then let the Paynim work his will, And death unbind my chain.
c. fig. To dissolve, undo, destroy.
c1200Ormin 15590 Ure Laferrd..seȝȝde: Unnbindeþþ all þiss temmple, & icc Itt i þre daȝhess reȝȝse. c1374Chaucer Troylus iv. 675 Al þe world ne koude here loue vnbynde, Ne Troylus out of here herte caste. c1386― Pars. T. ⁋511 Thanne cometh discord that vnbyndeth alle manere of freendshipe. c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode iv. l. (1869) 200 Þis byndinge, quod she, is cleped silence; Benedicite, þis is þilke þat oonliche vnbynt it. 1490Caxton How to Die (1491) 19 Thou vnbondest the synne of all the worlde. 1529More Suppl. Soulys 28 b, By thys place ye se..that cryste at hys resurreccyon dyd lose and vnbynd paynys in hell. 1643Baker Chron., Hen. VIII, 19 Both Kings had given authority..to the Cardinall to affirme and confirme, to bind or unbind, whatsoever should be in difference betweene them. 1697Dryden æneis iv. 704 Her charms unbind The chains of love, or fix them on the mind. Ibid. xii. 304 No force, no fortune, shall my vows unbind, Or shake the steadfast tenor of my mind.
†5.
a. absol. To aid the natural flux of the bowels.
b. trans. To detach, clear away. Obs.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. vii. lxix. (Bodl. MS.) fol. 73 b/2 With laxatyue medicens we laxeþ & vnbindeþ as with scamony. 1541Bk. Properties Herbs E ij, Thys herbe..wyll vnbinde wormes in a mannes stomake.
6. intr.
†a. To dissolve. Obs.—1
c1450M.E. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 220 Tak gomme of chyrytrees, or of plumtrees,..& put hyt in old wyn forto onbynde.
b. To become loosened.
1827Keble Chr. Year St. Peter xvi, Touch'd he upstarts—his chains unbind.
Hence unˈbinder, one who unbinds.
1837Lytton Athens II. 17 Bacchus,..the God of the Vineyard and the ‘Unbinder of galling cares’. |