| 释义 |
▪ I. recruit, n.|rɪˈkruːt|
Also 7 recrute, -cruite.
[a. obs. F. (of Hainault) recrute (1592 in Godef. Compl.) = F. recrue (16th c.) n., f. recrû pa. pple. of recroître to increase again: see recrew n. Hence also Du. recruut, G. rekrut († rekrout, -krute), Da. rekrut († recryt), Sw. rekryt, and Pg. recruta, It., Sp. recluta. Cf. recruit v.]
I.
1. Mil. †a. A fresh or auxiliary body of troops, added as a reinforcement to an army, regiment, garrison, etc., either to increase or to maintain its strength. Obs.
1647Clarendon Hist. Reb. vi. §87 All the advantage this seasonable Recruit brought them, was to give their old Men so much Courage as to keep the field. 1680Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) I. 46 His majestie hath ordered a recruit of 1200 foot and 300 horse to be sent to reinforce the garrison of Tangier. 1728Morgan Algiers II. iv. 259 His Deputy returned..with a Recruit of 2000 Janizaries.
transf.1705Arbuthnot Coins (1727) 244 The Rhodians attacked a recruit of vessels, which Antiochus was bringing from Sicily.
b. pl. † Fresh or auxiliary troops; reinforcements (obs.); the men composing such forces. Hence (in later use) also in sing.: One of a newly-raised body of troops; one newly or recently enlisted for service in the army.
1653Urquhart Rabelais i. xlvii, Great supplies and recruits come daily in to your enemies. 1677G. Hickes in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. ii. IV. 43 My Lord hath taken care to hinder the French officers from levying recruits in this Kingdom. 1707Addison Pres. St. War Wks. (Bohn) IV. 351 The grand alliance have innumerable sources of recruits..in Britain and Ireland. 1722De Foe Col. Jack (1840) 111 Advanced to the dignity of a footsoldier in a body of recruits raised in the north. 1810Wellington in Gurw. Desp. VI. 22, I sent you a warrant for {pstlg}150, for bounty, for your recruits. 1844Regul. & Ord. Army 390 No Officer under the degree of Field Officer is competent to approve of a Recruit finally without a special authority. 1876Voyle & Stevenson Milit. Dict. 334/1 A recruit remains a recruit from the date of his enlistment until he has passed his drill, which extends generally to 16 weeks.
transf. and fig.1656Hobbes Liberty, Necess. & Chance (1841) 21 Those large recruits of reasons and authorities which offer themselves to serve in this cause. 1791Burke Th. French Affairs Wks. VII. 53 This supply of recruits to the corps of the highest civil ambition, goes on with a regular progression. 1816Kirby & Sp. Entomol. (1818) II. xvii. 94 The little turf-ants..carry their recruits uncoiled. 1848Dickens Dombey xxiv, If Sir Barnet had the good fortune to get hold of a raw recruit,..and ensnared him to his hospitable villa [etc.]. 1885Daily Tel. 7 Sept. 3/6 The gap will be filled up by recruits from our schools of art.
†2. A fresh supply or number of persons (or animals), either as additional to the previous number, or to make up for a decrease. Obs.
c1645Howell Lett. (1650) II. 48 It may be, with this enlargment of dwelling, your Lordship may need a recruit of servants. 1670R. Montagu in Buccleuch MSS. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) I. 477 It is believed this business will end with a recruit for the galleys. 1735Somerville Chase iv. 24 The prudent Huntsman..will supply With annual large Recruits, his broken Pack. 1769Price in Phil. Trans. LIX. 106 Supposing the annual recruit from the country to be 7000, the number of inhabitants will be..630,000.
3. A fresh or additional supply of something:
a. of a material thing or things. Now rare or Obs.
1650Fuller Pisgah iii. xii. §7 Besides the original Utensils of the Temple,..there were severall recruits..which succeeding Kings made in stead of those instruments, which constant use and age had empaired. 1686Plot Staffordsh. 67 A constant large flux of water for ten or eleven months together without recruits from rains. 1712E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea 360 Guam, one of the Marian Islands, where we hope to get a Recruit of Provisions. 1801E. Helme St. Marg. Cave III. 87 Austin carried a lamp with a recruit of oil. 1822–34Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) IV. 174 Till it has lost its own proper supply [of blood] and begins to draw upon the corporeal vessels for a recruit. 1866Harper's Mag. Apr. 677/1, I had gone in for a new recruit of clocks—for you must know I'm a clock peddler.
b. of money. Now rare or Obs.
1662W. Gurnall Chr. in Arm. verse 17. ii. xxx. §1 (1669) 334/2 Let us endeavour our recruits be suitable to our expence. 1729Gay Polly ii. (1772) 171, I was now..forc'd to have recourse to the highway for a recruit to set me up. 1785G. A. Bellamy Apology II. 77 He was however to return soon, when he was to bring me a recruit of cash. 1818Scott Rob Roy xv, This recruit to my finances was not a matter of indifference to me.
†c. of health, strength, etc. Obs.
1675Temple Let. to Ld. Chamberlain Wks. 1731 II. 339, I hope You find good Recruits of Health in the Country. 1756H. Walpole Mem. Geo. II, II. 210 To sacrifice to the moon in order to obtain a recruit of vigour. 1771E. Griffith Hist. Lady Barton II. 36 My appearing..seemed to furnish her with such a recruit of strength and spirits.
†d. of qualities, etc. Obs.
1709Pope Ess. Crit. i. 206 Whatever nature has in worth denied, She gives in large recruits of needful pride.
e. Ecol. An animal which has recently reached the size that qualifies it to be counted as a member of the population to which it belongs.
1938Jrnl. du Conseil X. 269 It has been assumed that the same number of recruits would be found. 1948M. Graham Rational Fishing of Cod of N. Sea iii. 86 Codling from the deeper areas of the North Sea grow more slowly and will not enter as recruits until they are..2–3 years old. 1977J. L. Harper Population Biol. of Plants v. 141 Order and organization appear in populations because of feedback from existing populations to new recruits and because these recruits themselves interact.
II.
†4.
a. Mil. Increase or reinforcement (of an army) by the addition or accession of fresh men.
1647Clarendon Hist. Reb. i. §87 The endeavour to raise new men for the recruit of the Army, by Pressing. 1670Cotton Espernon i. iii. 124 The Duke..would now sit no longer idle, but gave immediate order for the recruit of his Troops. 1724De Foe Mem. Cavalier (1840) 196 Upon this recruit the Earl of Newcastle, being above a thousand strong, made Sir Thomas Fairfax give ground.
b. With reference to population. Obs. rare.
1657Howell Londinop. 346 By insensible coalition, and recruit of people, they came at last to be united. 1798Malthus Popul. (1817) I. 353 The checks to population..which render a constant recruit of numbers necessary.
5.
†a. Renewal of stores or supplies. Obs.
1650T. B[ayley] Worcester's Apoph. 6 To take what Provisions the Countrey would afford, for his present maintenance and recruit. 1673R. Haddock Jrnl. 4 June in Camden Misc. (1881) 29 Haveing no shot in the fleet for recrute, twas resolved..to saile for the buoy of the Nore.
b. Renewal or repair of something worn out.
1691T. H[ale] Acc. New Invent. 15 Without..her having any Recruits of her Rudder-Irons in all that time. Ibid. 31 [It] appears not to have shifted so much as one Bolt, or received any considerable Recruit of other Iron⁓work. 1845Encycl. Metrop. (ed. 2) VIII. 749/2 Some hands will wear down a [stocking-] frame in three years; others, however, will work them twelve or even twenty years without serious repairs, or, as it is technically called, a recruit.
6. Renewal of strength or vigour; restoration to a normal state or condition; recovery.
a1643W. Cartwright On Fletcher's Dram. Poems, Such pursutes After despair, such amorous recruits. 1650Needham Case Commw. 85 Though a Nation may have some respit and recruit now and then, by the Vertue and Valour of a Prince, yet this is very rare. 1705Stanhope Paraphr. I. 16 Necessary indeed this is for the Recruit of these frail and feeble bodies of ours. 1789F. Burney Diary 2 Feb., I was wholly insensible to the effects of a race which, at any other time, would have required an hour's recruit. 1822–34Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) I. 620 The nervous energy..experiences nothing of the decomposition or recruit of every other part of the living frame around it.
7. A means of recruital. Now rare.
1655H. Vaughan Silex Scint. ii. Resurr. & Immort. 9 Unbowel'd nature shew'd thee her recruits, And change of suits. 1678Butler Hud. iii. i. 906 Little quarrels often prove To be but new recruits of love. 1729Butler Serm. Compassion Wks. 1874 II. 62 The recruits of food and sleep are the necessary means of our preservation. 1748Hartley Observ. Man ii. iii. 219 The same active Particles in Foods are probably the Sources and Recruits of that nervous Power. 1835Lytton Rienzi x. ii, A treasury which did not require the odious recruit of taxes.
8. attrib. and Comb., as recruit acquittance, recruit decoy, recruit drill, recruit horse, recruit officer, recruit training.
1697Luttrell Brief. Rel. (1857) IV. 197 A great many recruit horses went on board thereof yesterday for Flanders. 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp. s.v., Recruit horses are the horses brought up for compleating the regiments of horse or dragoons every year. 1844Thackeray B. Lyndon v, He found his calling as a recruit-decoy far more profitable. 1898Atlantic Monthly LXXXII. 481/2 He sent him to the recruiting board and took a recruit acquittance. 1909A. Huxley Let. 14 Dec. (1969) 32, I have, in company with Gielgud, accomplished forty recruit drills this half and am now very nearly a full fledge[d] territorial. 1914(title) Recruit training (infantry), 1914: an aid to all instructors. By two Officers of the Dorsetshire Regiment. 1976Billings (Montana) Gaz. 30 June 3-b/3 Navy Fireman William G. Jones,..has completed recruit training at San Diego, Calif.
▪ II. recruit, v.|rɪˈkruːt|
Also 7 recrute, -crewte, -cruite.
[ad. F. recruter (17th c.), f. recrute recruit n. Hence also Du. recruteeren, G. rekrutieren, Da. rekrutere, Sw. rekrytera, and Pg. recrutar, Sp. reclutar, It. reclutare. Cf. recrew v.
The French word first appeared in literary use in gazettes published in Holland, and was disapproved of by French critics in the latter part of the 17th c. (see Littré).
The l of the Sp. and It. forms appears in the following early instance: 1652–60 in Gilbert Contemp. Hist. Irel. (1879) I. i. 45 Such colonells as had not theire men extant were dismissed to theire severall homes to reclute, himself still in the field..wheare we leave him reclutinge his men.]
I. trans.
1. a. Mil. To strengthen or reinforce (an army, etc.) with fresh men or troops.
1643Prynne Sov. Power Parl. iv. 33 If they might not Levy Moneys, to recrute and maintain their Army. 1655Nicholas Papers (Camden) II. 353 Wee are sending 20 sayle of shippes to recrewte them with 2000 land men. a1727Newton Chronol. Amended i. (1728) 181 It was his custom to recruit his army with conquered people. 1788Gibbon Decl. & F. xlii. IV. 214 Public and private distress recruited the armies of the state. 188019th Cent. Apr. 707 In the Parliamentary papers of 1877, the system of recruiting our native battalions receives considerable attention.
fig.a1735Granville Progr. Beauty, See in bright array What hosts of heavenly lights recruit the day.
b. To reinforce, to add to or keep up the number of (a class or body of persons or things).
1770Junius Lett. xxxvi. 176 You may find it a very difficult matter to recruit the black catalogue of your friends. 1790Burke Fr. Rev. 53 You would have had a liberal order of commons, to emulate and to recruit that nobility. 1871Earle Philol. Eng. Tongue (1880) §266 They drop out of use and are not recruited by fresh members.
†c. transf. To support, back up, add to. Obs.
1648Boyle Seraph. Love vi. (1700) 42, I could recruit that Question with pretty store of others of the like nature. 1665― Occas. Refl. iv. x. (1848) 213 Having both applauded and recruited these Commendations.
2. a. To furnish with a fresh supply of something; to replenish. Now rare.
a1661Fuller Worthies (1840) III. 208 He used to examine the pockets of such Oxford scholars as repaired unto him, and always recruited them with necessaries. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 364 With Greens and Flow'rs recruit their empty Hives. 1763Mills System Pract. Husb. IV. 341 If the neighbouring vines cannot furnish layers, a rooted vine must be brought from the nursery; for it is too late to recruit a vineyard, when we should be gathering it's fruit. 1874Green Short Hist. viii. §5. 516 The contributions offered by the English Catholics did little to recruit the Exchequer.
†b. To repair (a ship). Obs. rare.
1691T. H[ale] Acc. New Invent. 11 The Plymouth's Rudder-Irons began to be much eaten, doubting his being forced thereby to send her home that Winter, from the incapacity he was in, of getting her recruited abroad.
3. a. To replenish the substance of (a thing) by addition of fresh material.
a1661Fuller Worthies, Essex i. (1662) 318 Poulterers take them then, and feed them with Gravel and Curds,..and their flesh thus recruted is most delicious. 1693J. Edwards Author. O. & N. Test. 172 They continually..repaired and recruited it [the vestal fire]. 1733Cheyne Eng. Malady ii. viii. §7 (1734) 202 There remains nothing but to recruit the Solids weakened in the Struggle. 1822–34Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) III. 61 He represents it [the nervous fluid] as never either recruited or exhausted. 1878Stewart & Tait Unseen Univ. iv. §120. 132 Nature can beget nothing till she is recruited by the death of something else.
b. To increase or maintain (a quality) by fresh influence or operation.
1678H. Vaughan Thalia Rediv., Daphnis, Active fires their sluggish heat recruit. 1719London & Wise Compl. Gard. 252 Both to recruit the heat, and to maintain it afterwards. 1788Burke Sp. agst. W. Hastings Wks. XIII. 320 Fury, rage and malice..recruiting and reinforcing their avarice, their vices are no longer human. 1870Standard 16 Nov., Since the Crimean war..Russia has been carefully engaged in recruiting her strength. 1871B. Stewart Heat ii. i. §13 If the temperature of the liquid be kept constantly recruited by some natural process.
†c. To regain, re-establish (one's credit). Obs.
1656Artif. Handsom. 151 If a woman once dash upon this rock of reproach, she hardly ever recrutes her credit.
†d. To put right, to make up for. Obs.
1673Wood Life 14 July (O.H.S.) II. 266 What he had uttered to my great disgrace, the vicechancellor in his concluding speech recruited all againe.
e. To become a member of (a natural population). Also intr. (const. to). Cf. sense 6 d below.
1965Oceanogr. & Marine Biol. III. 357 The stock to which an individual recruits is solely determined by the time at which it attains the critical size. 1967Ibid. V. 415 Before 1950 only a part of each year-class recruited the fishery at three years of age, the remainder recruiting it at age four, but in later years most, if not all, of the members of each year-class recruited at three years of age.
4. a. To increase or restore the vigour or health of (a person or animal); to refresh, re-invigorate (one's spirits, etc.). Also occas. with inanimate object.
1676Wiseman Chirurg. Treat. 285 He was..removed.. to Knights-bridge, and there he daily recruited his spirits. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 766 Recruited into Rage, he grinds his Teeth In his own flesh. 1738Wesley Ps. civ. iv, Thy Rains from Heav'n parch'd Hills recruit. 1752Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) I. 287 Indolence..never is agreeable but when it succeeds to labour, and recruits the spirits. 1842Barham Ingol. Leg., St. Medard xiv, When, a little recruited, he rose to go. 1878R. B. Smith Carthage 238 When his troops had been sufficiently recruited, and were again eager to advance.
b. refl. To refresh or re-invigorate (oneself).
1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. i. 219 Being asthmatick..he was forced to go to Acre, there to recruit himself for some days. 1726–31Waldron Descr. Isle Man (1865) 56 As soon as he had recruited himself with a hearty swill of brandy, he began to relate in this manner. 1856B. Taylor North. Trav. xxxv. 374, I sat down..while our guide recruited himself with a large dish of thick sour milk.
5. a. To fill the place of (a thing). rare—1.
1707–12Mortimer Husb. (1721) II. 191 This is the time to carry on your new Poles, to recruit those that are decay'd, and cast out every Year.
b. To renew, or add to, one's supply of (a thing).
1748Anson's Voy. i. vi. 58 As soon as they had there recruited their wood and water, they were to continue cruizing. 1800Asiatic Ann. Reg., Misc. Tr. 244/1 At Anoopsheher I recruited the necessary supplies for the prosecution of my journey.
6. a. Mil. (and Naval). To raise (men) as recruits; to enlist as soldiers (or sailors); to raise (a regiment, etc.) in this way.
1814Scott Wav. xxxi, Such of your troop as were recruited upon Waverley-Honour. 1876Voyle & Stevenson Milit. Dict. 334/1 Officers specially appointed..to recruit men for the several regiments and departments of the army. 1891Patterson Illust. Naut. Dict. v. 376 Receiving Ship, a man o' war, unfit for sea duty, stationed at a navy yard for recruiting seamen.
transf.1816Kirby & Sp. Entomol. (1818) II. xvii. 95 The ants that are not yet recruited pursue their ordinary occupations. 1936[see montaría]. 1961New English Bible Acts xvii. 5 The Jews..recruited some low fellows from the dregs of the populace. 1974Economist 11 May 36/2 The neo-fascists among whom many of the stewards at his meetings were recruited.
b. U.S. To (attempt to) induce (an athlete) to sign on as a student at a college or university.
1913, etc. [implied in recruited ppl. a.]. 1974Time 21 Jan. 62/1 With impressive speed he recruited new talent and turned out a winner his first season. 1979Arizona Daily Star 1 Apr. (Parade Suppl.) 23/1 Like her fellow junior from West Virginia, Earl Jones.., Ostrowski already is being heavily recruited by the country's top college coaches.
c. Physiol. To bring (additional muscle fibres or muscular activity) into play by the recruitment of their neurones.
1938Amer. Jrnl. Physiol. CXXII. 49 The manner of recruiting mechanical energy during hyperpnea was extremely variable. 1979Sci. Amer. Sept. 148/3 Slow-twitch units, resistant to fatigue and generating relatively little tension, are the first to be recruited.
d. Ecol. Of a natural population: to acquire by recruitment (recruitment 2 c). Cf. sense 3 e above.
1977J. L. Harper Population Biol. of Plants v. 116 Even in a controlled, ‘homogeneous’ environment the numbers of seeds that are recruited into a germinating population are determined by the individual properties of each seed.
II. intr. (See also sense 3 e in branch I.)
7. a. Mil. To enlist new soldiers; to get or seek for fresh supplies of men for the army.
1655Clarke Papers (Camden) III. 28 Collonel Heane..hath a commission to raise a regiement of horse in Kent, and every troope in England to recruite up to a 100. 1707Addison Pres. St. War Wks. (Bohn) IV. 351 The French have only Switzerland, besides their own country, to recruit in. 1772Ann. Reg. i. 71*/2 That the Company's officers should have liberty to recruit with beat of drum, in the manner practised by the regular forces. 1856Emerson Eng. Traits, Race Wks. (Bohn) II. 32 If I wanted a good troop of soldiers, I should recruit among the stables.
†b. To take fresh stores on board ship. Obs.
1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 108 Put in there to recruit and furnish for so long a run. Ibid. 109 At the Ladrones, we recruited, and particularly took on board..near two hundred hogs.
†8. To return to a previous number or condition; to recover from diminution. Obs.
1646J. Gregory Notes & Obs. (1650) 125 All the dry Bones shall be reunited..and the whole Generation of Mankinde recruite againe. 1658J. Jones Ovid's Ibis 194 His heart shall feed the bird and still recruit.
9. To recover vigour or health; to employ means for recovering from exhaustion, etc. Also with up.
1635–56Cowley Davideis iv. 1025 With timely Food his decay'd Spirits recruit. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. i. 404 In Genial Winter, Swains enjoy their Store, Forget their Hardships, and recruit for more. 1800Med. Jrnl. III. 453 Where the powers of the constitution had been previously much exhausted..and where they appeared to be gradually recruiting. 1814F. Burney Wanderer ii. ii, I was so confoundedly numbed..that I don't think I could have remembered my father..before I had recruited. 1856Kane Arct. Expl. l. ix. 99 Leaving four of my party to recruit at this station. Ibid. xxi. 266 The dogs having now recruited, he started light. 1860H. J. Hawley Diary 10 May in Wisconsin Mag. Hist. (1936) Mar. 336 We..stoped [sic] giving the teams a fine chance to recruit up a little which they need. 1896E. Dowson Let. 19 Mar. (1967) 346, I believe I have recruited a little since I came here.
†10. To recover what one has expended in trade. Obs.
1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 121 By the quickness of Merchandise passing thorough this City, they recruit on a suddain. 1727De Foe Eng. Tradesman vi. (1732) I. 61 They..may buy sparingly, and recruit again as they sell off.
Hence reˈcruitable a., capable of being recruited.
1890Pall Mall G. 5 Sept. 3/3 A large highly-trained naval reserve, alone chiefly recruitable from our fisherfolks. |