| 释义 |
▪ I. grained, ppl. a.1|greɪnd|
[f. grain v.1 + -ed1.]
In senses of the vb.
1. Dyed in grain.
c1400Beryn 3065 Beryn & these romeyns were com in good array as myȝt be made of woll & of colour greynyd. 1455Sc. Acts Jas. II (1814) II. 43/2 All Erlis sall vse mantilles of brown granyt opyn befor. 1488–9Act 4 Hen. VII, c. 8 Wollen Cloth of the fynest making scarlet grayned. 1534in Weaver Wells Wills (1890) 203 To my brother Wm. Trotte my grayned gowne. 1577–87Holinshed Scot. Chron. (1806) I. 2 The most costlie skarlets, pliant gloves and manie other grained and delicate clothes.
fig.1602Shakes. Ham. iii. iv. 90 Thou turn'st mine eyes into my very soule, And there I see such blacke and grained spots, As will not leaue their Tinct.
2. Formed into grains.
1800tr. Lagrange's Chem. II. 43 For this purpose, put grained zinc into a matrass. 1856Olmsted Slave States 673 Sugar in a pure crystallized or grained state. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Grained-powder, that corned or reduced into grains from the cakes, and distinguished from mealed powder, as employed in certain preparations.
3. Of leather (see grain v.1 6).
1714Fr. Bk. of Rates 81 Skins..Grain'd per Piece 00 08. 1807P. Gass Jrnl. 32 Captain Lewis gave them a grained deer skin to stretch over a half keg for a drum. 1880Print. Trades Jrnl. xxxi. 11 Imitation Russia grained leather.
4. Painted to imitate the ‘grain’ of wood or the markings of marble.
1798Taylor Builder's Price Bk. in Archit. Publ. Soc. Dict., Mahogany grained. 1871Amer. Encycl. Printing (ed. Ringwalt), Grained, colored in imitation of the grain of woods, marbles, etc., as in the ornamentation of marbled papers.
▪ II. grained, ppl. a.2|greɪnd|
[f. grain n.1 + ed2.]
Having a grain or grains.
1. Having grains, seeds, or particles. Obs. exc. in parasynthetic derivatives, as large-grained, small-grained.
1611Cotgr., Grenu, grained, full of graine, of seed, of graines. 1721–1800in Bailey. 1733J. Tull Horse-hoing Husbandry 164 Small-grain'd Wheat.
2. Of wood, stone, leather, flesh, etc.: Having a grain, or granular structure or surface (see grain n.1, senses 12–15). Often in parasynthetic derivatives, as coarse-grained, smooth-grained. (Cf. also cross-grained, fine-grained.)
a1529Skelton E. Rummyng 32 Her skynne lose and slacke, Grained [v.r. Greuyned] lyke a sacke. 1597A. M. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. 54/1 The fleshe verye rubicund and grayned as we woulde desire. 1632Sherwood, Grained wood, madre, madriér. 1822–34Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) IV. 464 The corium..presented the same grained appearance that is observable in a section of the hides of the larger quadrupeds. 1847Smeaton Builder's Man. 137 Passages are usually painted, if some handsome grained wood be not introduced. 1885W. L. Carpenter Soap & Candles vi. 161 To produce a grained soft-soap..it is essential to use pure potash lye. 1890W. J. Gordon Foundry xi. 216 There is one [grain process] in which a grained glass is used.
3. Bot. Having tubercles, as the segments of the flowers of the Rumex.
1818Withering Brit. Plants (ed. 6) IV. 7 Lichen graniformis. Tubercles black..granulated..Grained Lichen. 1829Loudon Encycl. Plants 293 Rumex Patientia..Valves cordate entire: one grained.
▪ III. grained, ppl. a.3|greɪnd|
Now dial.
[f. grain n.2 + ed2.]
Having tines or prongs; forked. Also two-, three-grained.
1513Douglas æneis iii. iv. 42 With treis clois bilappit round about, And thik harsk granit pikis standand out. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §41 An hole bored in the borde with an augur, and therin a grayned staffe of two fote longe. 1597Shakes. Lover's Compl. x, So slides he downe vppon his greyned bat. 1613–14N. Riding Rec. II. 37 A man presented for an assault with a two graned staff. 1844J. Tomlin Mission, Jrnls. 240 A hoe, a three grained fork intended as a sort of hand harrow. 1878Cumbld. Gloss., Grain't, forked; divided. |